During a survey for potential biocontrol agents of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior (L.) Descourt) in 1997, plants exhibiting irregular, brown leaf spots were collected repeatedly from six roadside locations in Pest County, Hungary. Many pycnidia developed in the necrotic tissues on detached leaves after 2 days in moist chambers. Pycnidia were globose to slightly flattened, brown, thin walled, 58 to 100 μm in diameter, with a definite ostiole. Conidia were hyaline, filiform with 2 to 3 septa, and 22.0 to 38.0 × 0.7 to 1.3 μm in size. The fungus was isolated on potato dextrose agar and identified as a Septoria sp. To confirm pathogenicity, potted ragweed seedlings were sprayed with a suspension of 5 × 106 conidia per ml from pure cultures of the Septoria sp., placed in a dew chamber for 72 h, and then grown in a greenhouse at 16 to 24°C. After 2 weeks, inoculated plants developed small, brown lesions on leaves and leaf petioles. Three weeks after inoculation, necrotic lesions had enlarged to 1 to 3 mm in diameter with irregular, distinct margins and light brown centers. The lesions on the lower leaves were larger and more numerous than on leaves nearer the tops of the plants. Pycnidia developed on the senescent leaves after 1 month. Infected leaves became completely necrotic and occasionally entire plants died. The pathogen was reisolated from all inoculated plants, thus satisfying Koch's postulates. A voucher specimen was deposited at the Department of Botany of the Hungarian Natural History Museum in Buda-pest (No. BP 92081). Septoria ambrosiae Hemmi et Naito was described on ragweed in Japan (1), but our isolate is morphologically distinct from that species. This is the first report of a Septoria sp. on A. artemisiifolia in Europe. Reference: (1) N. Naito. Mem. Coll. Agric. Kyoto 47:41, 1940.
A high diversity of mechanisms endows ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance in the invasive common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)