Thinning response of ‘Redhaven’ peaches to 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
John A. Cline ◽  
Catherine J. Bakker ◽  
Amanda Beneff
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Fruit Load

Peach trees bear an abundance of flowers which produce a surplus of fruit that the tree is unable to support. A self-regulatory mechanism enhances the abscission of immature fruitlets leading to a reduced fruit load, but this is often insufficient to achieve fruit of marketable size. Supplementary manual fruit thinning is typically required to optimize economic fruit load. This 2-yr study investigated the response of ‘Redhaven’ peach trees to sprays of 300 and 600 mg L−1 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) during the phenological stages of full bloom, shuck split, and ∼20 mm fruitlet diameter. The objective was to determine the efficacy of ACC on fruit set, fruit size, and yield at harvest and the amount of hand-thinning required at “June drop”. Although the response to ACC varied between the 2 yr, 600 mg L−1 ACC spray at full bloom (2018) and at ∼20 mm fruit size (2019) reduced fruit set, the need for hand-thinning by 59%–66%, and crop load. Treatments also had varying but significant effects on leaf yellowing and leaf drop when measured shortly after application. ACC reduced total yield and number of fruit per tree in both study years and increased fruit weight in 2019. Overall, peaches were responsive to ACC at a range of timings from bloom to ∼20 mm fruit size. This study enhances our understanding of ACC on fruitlet abscission of peaches and is one of few studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of a chemical fruitlet thinner for peaches.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE ON APPLE AND PLUM FRUIT THINNING

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 690a-690
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Brenda R. Simons ◽  
John K. Fellman ◽  
W. Michael Colt
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Prunus Salicina

Influence of various concentrations of hydrogen cyanamide (HC) on fruit thinning of `Rome Beauty' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), `Friar,' and `Simka' plums (Prunus salicina Lindley) were studied. A full bloom application of HC at all tested concentrations decreased `Rome Beauty' apple fruit set and yield, and increased fruit weight. Hydrogen cyanamide at 0.25% (V/V) resulted in adequate apple thinning, indicated by the production of an ideal fruit weight. Prebloom and full bloom applications of HC at greater than 0.75% reduced plum fruit set and yield in `Friar.' Full bloom application of HC at 0.25% to 0.50% showed a satisfactory fruit set, yield, and fruit size in `Friar' plum. Full bloom application decreased fruit set and yield in `Simka' plum. Hand thinning, as well as chemical thinning, is recommended for plums.

scholarly journals L-PEACH: A Computer-based Model to Understand How Peach Trees Grow

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Lopez ◽  
Romeo R. Favreau ◽  
Colin Smith ◽  
Theodore M. DeJong
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Peach Trees

L-PEACH is a computer-based model that simulates the growth of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees. The model integrates important concepts related to carbon assimilation, distribution, and use in peach trees. It also includes modeling of the responses to horticultural practices such as tree pruning and fruit thinning. While running L-PEACH, three-dimensional (3D) depictions of simulated growing trees can be displayed on the computer screen and the user can easily interact with the model. Quantitative data generated during a simulation can be saved to a file or printed for visualization and analysis. L-PEACH is a powerful tool for understanding how peach trees function in the field environment, and it can be used as an innovative method for dissemination of knowledge related with carbohydrate assimilation and partitioning. In this study, we describe the version of L-PEACH that runs on a daily time-step (L-PEACH-d) and how users can run the model and interact with it. To demonstrate how L-PEACH-d works, different pruning and fruit thinning strategies were analyzed. Regarding pruning, model outputs showed 3D depictions of unpruned trees and pruned trees trained to a perpendicular V system. For the fruit thinning studies, we simulated different intensities and dates of fruit thinning in mature peach trees. Total simulated yield increased with crop load but the opposite was observed for average fruit weight. An optimal balance between simulated total yield and average fruit weight was obtained by leaving 150 fruit per tree. Simulating different dates of fruit thinning indicated that fruit weight at harvest was higher on earlier compared with later-thinned trees. The model indicates that fruit thinning should be therefore carried out early in the season to maximize fruit size. The simulation results demonstrate that L-PEACH-d can be used as an educational tool and facilitate the adoption of suitable cultural practices for efficient production.

scholarly journals Heading Fruiting Shoots before Bloom Is Equally Effective as Blossom Removal in Peach Crop Load Management

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Net Profit

Three experiments were performed to determine if pruning treatments could reduce the need for peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] fruit thinning without reducing average fruit weight. To determine if dormant shoot heading affected fruit size simply by reducing the number of flowers per tree, all 1-year-old shoots on `Cresthaven' trees were headed by 50% or blossoms were removed from the terminal half of each shoot. At 45 days after full bloom, all trees were hand-thinned to obtain predetermined crop densities. Average fruit weight was highest on trees with blossom removal, but crop value and net profit were highest for nontreated trees. To determine the influence of treatment severity on fruit weight, all shoots on `Cresthaven' trees were blossom-thinned or headed to remove blossoms on varying proportions of each shoot. Fruit set and the number of fruit removed during postbloom thinning decreased as the percentage of a shoot that was headed or blossom-thinned increased. Average fruit weight at harvest and crop value were higher for trees with blossom removal than for trees with headed shoots. Fruit weight and crop value were not affected by the percentage of the shoot treated. In the final experiment, all shoots on `Cresthaven' trees were headed by 50% or were not headed. Heading of shoots reduced fruit set, number of fruits removed at thinning, and thinning time per tree, but yield, crop density, and average fruit weight were not affected by heading. Profit was increased by shoot heading one of the 3 years. Results from this study indicate that heading peach shoots by 50% while dormant pruning can reduce thinning costs without reducing fruit size, but a similar level of labor-intensive blossom removal may reduce postbloom thinning costs and improve fruit size.

scholarly journals Heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits on 'BRS Kampai' peach trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1006-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Duarte de Oliveira ◽  
Gilmar Arduino Bettio Marodin ◽  
Gustavo Klamer de Almeida ◽  
Mateus Pereira Gonzatto ◽  
Daniel Chamorro Darde
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
No Production ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Heading Control ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of shoot heading and of hand thinning in different development stages of flowers and fruits on the fruit production and quality of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) trees. The experiment was performed during three crop years, under the conditions of the “Depressão Central” region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and the treatments were: T1, heading of half of the mixed shoot; T2, heading of one third of the mixed shoot; T3, flower thinning in the pink bud stage; T4, thinning at full bloom; T5, thinning of fruit with 5 mm; T6, thinning of fruit with 20 mm; and T7, no thinning or heading (control). Fruit production and quality were evaluated. Plants with no thinning were more productive, but showed high frequency of fruits with a diameter smaller than 60 mm. Shoot heading reduced production per tree and resulted in small-sized fruit. Thinning time did not affect production, and fruit size was greater when thinning was performed at the bloom stage. 'BRS Kampai' peach trees can be thinned starting at bloom, which provides greater fruit size, with no production loss.

scholarly journals Flowering period and fruit quality of peach trees selections and cultivars in the metropolitan region of Curitiba

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselda Alves ◽  
Jhulia Gelain ◽  
Gloria Soriano Vidal ◽  
Cristiano Nunes Nesi ◽  
Louise Larissa May De Mio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the flowering period and the physicochemical characteristics of peaches, aiming to find those most promising for the diversification of the peach crop in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Paraná State. We evaluated 8 selections and three cultivars in Porto Amazonas and 10 cultivars in Araucaria for flowering period, fruit set, diameter and height of fruit, average fruit weight, the skin color, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio SS/ TA, hydrogen potential (pH). The flowering period occurred between late June and late September ranging from 16 to 25 days. The fruit set rate was greater than 50% for ‘Cascata 1513’, ‘Cascata 1429’, ‘Cascata 1577’, ‘Cascata 1743’ and for all cultivars in Araucaria. There were significant differences for the other variables assessed. It was concluded that in Araucária, ‘Charme’ and ‘Chimarrita’ are good planting options, have the same duration of the cycle (111 days), being ‘Charme’ a little later. Besides these, ‘Douradão’ and ‘Rubimel’ have good fruit size, moderate acidity and best SS/TA ratio, being earlier than the previous ones. ‘PS 25399’ is the earliest and showed reddish epidermis and great consumer interest. In Porto Amazonas, selections and cultivars tested produced little fruit of small size, being required more studies to be recommended in these area.

scholarly journals Regulating Budbreak, Flowering, and Fruit Maturity in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) cv. `Bing' by Surfactant and Nitrate Applications

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 603e-603
Author(s):  
K.G. Weis ◽  
S.M. Southwick ◽  
J.T. Yeager ◽  
W.W. Coates ◽  
Michael E. Rupert
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Flower And Fruit Development

The years 1995 and 1996 were low chill years in California with respect to stone fruit dormancy. Advancing reproductive budbreak and flowering was accomplished in `Bing' cherry (Prunus avium) by single-spray treatments of a surfactant {a polymeric alkoxylated fatty amine [N,N-bis 2-(omega-hydroxypolyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene) ethyl alkylamine]} and potassium nitrate in combination when applied at “tightbud,” ≈ 42 days (1 Feb. 1995) before full bloom and with surfactant and potassium nitrate in combination when 10% green calyx was apparent, 33 days before full bloom. Applying 2% surfactant (v/v) + 6% potassium nitrate (w/v) was most effective in advancing bloom, speeding progression through bloom, and advancing fruit maturity when applied at tightbud stage. Surfactant (2% or 4%) applied with 25% or 35% calcium nitrate (w/v) on 2 Feb. 1996 significantly advanced full bloom compared to nontreated controls. Fruit maturity (1995) was somewhat advanced by surfactant–nitrate treatments, but fruit set and final fruit weight were equivalent among treatments. No phytotoxicity was noted in foliage or fruit. In California, marginal and insufficient winter chilling often causes irregular, extended, or delayed bloom periods, resulting in poor bloom-overlap with pollenizers. As a result, flower and fruit development may be so variable as to have small, green and ripe fruit on the same tree, making harvest more time consuming and costly. Data indicate that this surfactant, in combination with a nitrogenous compound, has potential to advance reproductive budbreak and advance maturity in sweet cherry without reducing fruit set or fruit size. Advancing the ripening time of sweet cherry even 2 to 3 days can increase the price received per 8.2-kg box by $10 to $20.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE ON STONE FRUIT THINNING

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1122a-1122
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Michael Colt ◽  
S. Krishna Mohan ◽  
John Fellman
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Fruit Thinning

Influence of prebloom and full bloom applications of hydrogen cyanamide on `Simka' and `Friar' plums in Southwest Idaho and `Florda Prince' peach in Southwest Arizona was studied. Prebloom application of 0.5% hydrogen cyanamide caused severe toxicity to the fruit buds in `Friar' lure, while 2% hydrogen cyanamide did not cause toxicity in `Simka' plum. `Simka' fruit was effectively thinned with 1-2% prebloom application. At full bloom, 1.5% hydrogen cyanamide caused severe flower and leaf burning in both `Friar' and `Simka' plums, while concentrations between 0.1% and 1% thinned flowers (fruits) in both of the plum cultivars. Influence of hydrogen cyanamide on final fruit set, fruit size and maturity are also studied. Prebloom or full bloom applications of 2% or 3% hydrogen cyanamide eliminated 95 to 100% of the blooms, while application of this chemical at 1% sufficiently thinned the fruit. Number of commercially packed large peaches in trees receiving 1% hydrogen cyanamide was the same as that in trees thinned by hand, suggesting hydrogen cyanamide as a potential chemical for stone fruit thinning.

VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH OF DETERMINATE TOMATOES AS INFLUENCED BY APPLICATIONS OF ETHEPHON, DCIB, NAA AND SADH AT THE SIX-CLUSTER STAGE

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. VELIATH ◽  
A. C. FERGUSON
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Fruit Load

In an attempt to control fruit set and thereby increase fruit size, 2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon), sodium 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate (DCIB), naphthaleueacetic acid (NAA) and N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (SADH) were applied as sprays to plants of the determinate tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Summit’ when fruit was set on six clusters. In comparison, one set of plants was deblossomed manually after the six-cluster stage, and another untreated. Although none of the chemicals provided perfect control of fruit load, NAA (100 ppm), SADH (4,000 ppm) + NAA (100 ppm), DCIB (4,000 ppm) + ethephon (500 ppm) and DCIB (6,000 ppm) were approximately 81, 77, 75 and 73% effective, respectively, in reducing fruit load. However, decreases in fruit load were not accompanied by corresponding increases in fruit size. In all probability, this was due to the impairment of normal growth by the chemicals. Several of the treatments produced substantial increases in early and total yield, by maturing a greater number of fruits and thus may be of potential use to commercial growers.

Fruit thinning using NAA shows potential for reducing biennial bearing of 'Barnea' and 'Picual' oil olive trees

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Dag ◽  
Amnon Bustan ◽  
Avishai Avni ◽  
Shimon Lavee ◽  
Joseph Riov
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Fruit Load

Biennial bearing is a major horticultural and economic drawback of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivation, which particularly affects the olive oil industry under intensive production systems. The number of fruits per tree in an on-year is a primary determinant of the biennial cycle. While fruit thinning using NAA shortly after full bloom is commonly practiced to increase fruit size in table olives, the extent of its influence on biennial bearing is unknown. In the present study, the ability of that common naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) treatment (100 mg/L, 10 days after full bloom) to alleviate biennial bearing in two oil olive cultivars, Picual and Barnea, was poor, although significant influence on the number of fruit was evident solely in Barnea. Picual seemed less susceptible than Barnea to biennial bearing. Consequently, the effect of a broad range of NAA concentrations (0–320 mg/L, 10 days after full bloom) on various yield parameters was investigated during a biennial cycle of Barnea trees. There was a gradual proportional decline in the on-year number of fruits from ~50 000 to 10 000/tree in response to increasing NAA concentrations. The number of return fruits in the off-year was reciprocal to the on-year fruit load, but remained relatively small, below 15 000/tree. The dynamic relationship between fruit load and fruit size in both on- and off-years was a significant compensation factor in fruit and oil yields. In both cultivars, an on-year fruit load smaller than 20 000/tree is likely to provide consistent yearly oil yields ranging from 10 to 12 kg/tree. The results demonstrate the possibility of using NAA post-bloom spraying to balance biennial bearing in oil olives.

scholarly journals Native Variation in Bloom and Crop Density in Spur-type `Delicious' and Effect of Ethephon Applied in High Crop Years

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1096D-1097
Author(s):  
Martin J. Bukovac ◽  
Jerry Hull ◽  
Paolo Sabbatini
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Return Bloom

For studies on blossom/fruit thinning in apple, tree selection is often based on uniformity of bloom/crop load, assuming that such trees exhibit greater uniformity to treatment. However, the literature is replete with data showing marked variation for a given treatment. We followed variation in bloom/crop density of spur-type `Delicious'/MM.106 and effect of ethephon applied in high crop years on return bloom/yield. Uniform trees (n = 95), under identical cultural practices, were selected for varying crop load. Return bloom, yield and fruit size were monitored over six years. General mean (X) for yield was 94 ± 25 kg/tree and bloom density, rated 1 to 10 (highest), was 5.4 ± 1.7. Annual yield deviated from X by +56 to –40% and bloom density by +49 to –42%. All trees were ranked (decreasing yield) and assigned to five percentile (PCTL) groups (1st, 81-100; 2nd, 61-80; 3rd, 41-60; 4th, 21-40; 5th, 0-20 kg/tree). Trees in each group were reassigned annually to the five PCPL groups for the next five years. Of trees in 1st PCTL (n = 19, X = 187 ± 10 kg/tree) in year one, 5, 5, 24, 0 and 63% placed in PCPL 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively, in year two. Of trees in 1st PCTL (5%) in year two, all placed in PCTL 2 in year three. Effect of ethephon [200 mg·L-1 at 3, 3 + 6, 3 + 6 + 9 weeks after full bloom (WAFB)] applied in on years to `Redchief', with strong alternate bearing, were evaluated for six years. Ethephon at 3 WAFB had no effect. Yield from multiple applications differed from control (NTC) in off years, but not from each other. Total yield (3 on + 3 off years) for the NTC and ethephon at 3 + 6 WAFB was similar (479 vs. 471 kg/tree). However, 64% of the total yield was produced in the on years and 36% in the off years in NTC vs. 56 and 44% in 3 + 6 WAFB, respectively.

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