Nitrogen and sulfur application effects on camelina seed yield, fatty acid composition, and nutrient removal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Obeng ◽  
Augustine K. Obour ◽  
Nathan O. Nelson ◽  
Ignacio Antonio Ciampitti ◽  
Donghai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Camelina Seed ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
S Application

Effective management of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) in camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] production is important to ensure optimum seed yield and oil composition. The objectives of this study were to determine camelina seed yield, oil concentration, estimate nutrient removal and N use efficiency as influenced by N and S application. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate S rates (0 and 20 kg ha-1) and N fertilizer rates (0, 22, 45 and 90 kg ha-1) effect on camelina productivity and fatty acid composition over two growing seasons (2014 and 2015). Results showed S application had no effect on seed yield and oil concentration. Averaged across N rates, protein concentration increased with S application compared to the control. Seed yield showed quadratic response to N fertilizer application with maximum yield occurring at 54 kg N ha-1. However, economic optimum N rate ranged from 18 to 43 kg N ha-1. Nutrient removal, protein concentration, protein and oil yield, and estimated biodiesel was maximum at 45 kg N ha-1. The maximum amounts of N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and S removed were 49, 8, 10, and 7 kg ha-1, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and agronomic efficiency (NAE) decreased when N fertilizer rates were above 22 kg N ha-1. Application of N or S had no effect on proportions of saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Our findings suggest camelina required 18 to 43 kg N ha-1 when grown in rain-fed systems in water-limited environments.

Nitrogen fertilizer placement for fall and spring seeded Brassica napus canola

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
E. N. Johnson ◽  
K. J. Kirkland ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Oil Concentration

Brassica napus L. canola seeded in the fall (dormant) just prior to freeze-up, or in the early spring as soon as fields are passable, can improve productivity in semiarid regions on the Canadian prairies. The objective of this study was to assess N fertilizer placement options for alternative canola seeding dates. Herbicide-tolerant B. napus canola (cv. Quest) seedling density, phenological development, seed yield, seed weight, oil concentration, and protein concentration were assessed for four N (urea) placement options [banded prior to fall seeding date (only Melfort), broadcast in early-spring, side banded, and seed placed] and three seeding dates (late October, mid- to late April, and mid-May) at Scott and Melfort, SK, Canada. Nitrogen fertilizer placed with the seed often reduced seedling density. At Melfort, seed placed N fertilizer reduced the seed yield (10%), seed oil concentration (4%) and increased protein concentration (5%) of fall and mid-May seeded canola. The other N fertilizer placement options consistently maintained the highest level of canola production for all seeding dates. At Scott, seeding canola in fall or April generally maintained adequate plant stands, and often increased seed yield (43%), seed weight (18%), and oil concentration (5%) , when compared with the mid-May seeding date. Our results indicate that N fertilizer placement considerations used for the more traditional mid-May seeding date should be similar for canola dormant or April seeded. Current N fertilizer placement options, such as side banding, pre-plant banding or early-spring broadcasting, are options that resulted in equivalent crop yield responses. Given the variability in crop yield response measured with seed placement of N, we recommend that this practice should be a voided. Key words: Seeding date, dormant, direct seeding, alternative cropping practice, N fertilizer management

Nitrogen form, time and rate of application, and nitrification inhibitor effects on crop production

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Karamanos ◽  
K. Hanson ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Form ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Better Than

Karamanos, R., Hanson, K. and Stevenson, F. C. 2014. Nitrogen form, time and rate of application, and nitrification inhibitor effects on crop production. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 425–432. Nitrogen management options for anhydrous ammonia (NH3) and urea were compared in a barley–wheat–canola–wheat cropping sequence (2007–2010) at Watrous and Lake Lenore, SK. The treatment design included a factorial arrangement of N fertilizer form (NH3versus urea), nitrification inhibitor application, time of N application (mid-September, mid- to late October, and spring) and four N fertilizer rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha−1). Anhydrous ammonia applications at 40 kg N ha−1in 2008 (fall) and in 2010 (all times of application) resulted in wheat yield reductions relative to the same applications for urea. For wheat years, yield was reduced for both fall versus spring N fertilizer applications, when no nitrification inhibitor was applied and the inclusion of nitrification inhibitor maintained wheat yield at similar levels across all times of N fertilizer applications, regardless of form. Protein concentration was approximately 2 g kg−1greater with urea compared with NH3at both sites in 2008 and only at Watrous in 2010. Also, early versus late fall N fertilizer applications consistently increased N concentration of grain only for the 40 and/or 80 kg N ha−1rates. Effects of nitrification inhibitor on N concentration were not frequent and appeared to be minimal. Urea had greater agronomic efficiency (AE) than NH3at the lower N fertilizer rates. The nitrification inhibitor had a positive effect on wheat AE only for early fall N fertilizer applications. It can be concluded that for maximum yields NH3or urea will be suitable if applied at rates of 80 kg N ha−1and greater. If N fertilizer is applied at 40 kg N ha−1, especially in fall without inhibitor, urea is better. In terms of protein concentration for wheat, urea seemed to better than NH3and fall was better than spring application.

Comparative nitrogen response and economic evaluation for optimum yield of hybrid and open-pollinated canola

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Mahli ◽  
S. Brandt ◽  
D. Ulrich ◽  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Optimum Yield ◽  
Days To Maturity

Plant breeders have dramatically improved the yield potential of new canola cultivars. To achieve optimum yield with such cultivars, particularly hybrids, may require changes to fertilizer management practices that were established prior to development of these cultivars. We investigated the influence of N fertilizer rate (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg N ha-1) on plant density, days to flowering, length of flowering stage, days to maturity, biomass, seed yield and quality, and economic returns of two canola cultivars (Quantum, a high-yielding open-pollinated; and InVigor® 2663, a high-yielding hybrid) on a Dark Brown (Scott), a Thick Black (Melfort), and a Thin Black (Indian Head) Chernozem soil in Saskatchewan in 2000 and 2001. Plant density was slightly lower for InVigor 2663 than Quantum due to larger seed size of the former. InVigor 2663 tended to take more days to flowering and had shorter flowering stage duration compared with Quantum, but the two cultivars showed no consistent difference for the number of days to maturity. InVigor 2663 generally produced more biomass and seed yield than Quantum. Oil and protein concentration in seed were higher for InVigor 2663 than Quantum, with an opposite trend for the proportion of green seeds, indicating better seed quality for InVigor 2663. Addition of N tended to reduce plant density and decreased seed oil concentration, while it increased crop growth duration, seed protein concentration, seed yield and biomass. Under adequate N fertilization, InVigor 2663 provided greater net economic returns than Quantum under both moist and relatively dry conditions. In conclusion, InVigor 2663 performed better agronomically than Quantum, but the similar nature of seed yield response to applied N suggests that target N fertilizer rates for optimum seed yield and net economic returns should be similar for both cultivars based on this limited comparison of one hybrid and one open-pollinated canola cultivar under these soil-climatic conditions. Key words: Brassica napus L., hybrid canola, N rate, open-pollinated canola, seed quality, seed yield

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and seed quality of Brassica carinata

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Johnson ◽  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
L. M. Hall ◽  
S. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

Johnson, E. N., Malhi, S. S., Hall, L. M. and Phelps, S. 2013. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and seed quality of Brassica carinata . Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1073–1081. Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is a relatively new crop in western Canada and research information on its response to N fertilizer is lacking. Two field experiments (exp. 1 at 3 site-years and exp. 2 at 4 site-years) were conducted from 2008 to 2010 in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, to determine effect of N fertilizer application on Brassica carinata plant density, seed and straw yield, N uptake in seed and straw, N use efficiency (NUE), N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) and seed quality. N rates applied were 0 to 160 kg N ha−1 and 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 in exps. 1 and 2, respectively. Plant density was not affected by increasing N rate at 5 site-years but declined with high rates of N application at 2 site-years. Seed yield responded to applied N in 6 of 7 site-years, with the non-responsive site having a high total N uptake at the 0 kg N ha−1 rate (high Nt value). There were no sites where seed yields were maximized with the N rates applied. Response trends of straw yield and N uptake were similar to that of seed yield at the corresponding site-years. NUE and NFUE generally declined as N rate increased. Protein concentration in seed generally increased and oil concentration in seed decreased with increasing N rates. In conclusion, the responses of seed yield, total N uptake, NUE, and NFUE to applied N was similar to those reported in other Brassica species with the exception that a rate was not identified in which Brassica carinata yields were maximized.

scholarly journals Effect of sowing time and nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth, seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) in Ahvaz, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-367
Author(s):  
Srorlmolook Saeidi ◽  
Seyed Ataollah Siadat ◽  
Ali Moshatati ◽  
محمدرضا Moradi-Telavat ◽  
Niazali Sepahvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Nitrogen dynamics of chickpea: Effects of cultivar choice, N fertilization, Rhizobium inoculation, and cropping systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Gan ◽  
A M Johnston ◽  
J D Knight ◽  
C. McDonald ◽  
C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Management ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Understanding N dynamics in relation to cultural practices may help optimize N management in annual legume crops. This study was conducted at six environsites (location × year combinations) in southern Saskatchewan, 2004-2006, to quantify N uptake, N2 fixation, and N balance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in relation to cultivar choice, cropping systems, rhizobial inoculation, and soil N fertility. The cultivars Amit, CDC Anna, CDC Frontier, and CDC Xena were grown at N fertilizer rates of 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112 kg N ha-1 with no Rhizobium and at 0, 28, and 84 kg N ha-1 combined with Rhizobium inoculation, evaluated in both conventional tilled-fallow and continuously cropped no-till systems. Flax was used as a non-N-fixing reference crop. The cultivar CDC Xena had the lowest yield (1.57 Mg ha-1) and seed N uptake (54.4 kg N ha-1), with N use efficiency (NUE, 13.2 kg seed N kg-1) being 17% less than the average of the other cultivars. Consequently, N balance (N input via fertilizer and N-fixation minus N exported) was -32.4 kg N ha-1 for CDC Xena and less negative than the average of the other cultivars (-39.8 kg N ha-1). Inoculated chickpea took up 10 kg ha-1 more N into the seed and 5 kg ha-1 more N into the straw than chickpea that was not inoculated. The amount of N fixed as a percentage of total N uptake was 15% for non-inoculated chickpea and 29% for inoculated chickpea, resulting in negative N balance regardless of cropping system. Increasing N fertilizer rates decreased NUE, with the rate of decrease being greater for non-inoculated chickpea compared with inoculated chickpea. We conclude that optimum productivity of chickpea can be achieved with application of effective Rhizobium inoculants, and that best N management practices must be adopted in the succeeding crops due to a large negative N balance after a chickpea crop.Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum, N fertilizer, N2 fixation, Rhizobium inoculants, N balance, nitrogen use efficiency, N uptake

Genotypic and environmental effects on saturated fatty acid concentration of canola grown in Manitoba

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. McCartney ◽  
R. Scarth ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
J. K. Daun
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Main Effects

The low saturated fatty acid concentration of canola oil relative to other vegetable oils has resulted in a favourable market share for canola. Understanding the effects of genotype and environment on saturated fatty acid concentration will facilitate Brassica napus breeding efforts aimed at maintaining or reducing saturate levels in the seed oil. Canola-quality B. napus samples from the Manitoba Crop Variety Evaluation Team (MCVET) trials in 1999, 2000 and 2001 were tested for fatty acid composition, oil concentration and protein concentration. Weather data were obtained from nearby weather stations. The majority of the variation in total saturates for the cultivars studied was attributed to variation in palmitic acid (C16:0) due to the genotype main effect and variation in stearic acid (C18:0) due to the genotype and environment main effects. The variation due to the genotype × environment interaction was small relative to the main effects for the individual saturated fatty acids. C18:0 and arachidic (C20:0) acid concentrations were correlated between genotypes, suggesting pleiotropy or that these traits are controlled by linked genes in the cultivars tested. The data also suggested that C16:0 and C18:0 acid concentrations are controlled by different genes. C18:0, C20:0 and behenic (C22:0) acid concentrations were correlated across environments, but did not correlate with C16:0 concentration. Relationships between weather variables and fatty acid composition, oil concentration and protein concentration were not established. Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis revealed that some canola cultivars were more stable than others with regard to total saturates over environments. Key words: Genotype, environment, seed quality, saturated fatty acids, canola, Brassica napus

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