THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE SORPTION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE ON WOOD

The sorption of sodium hydroxide on black spruce has been measured at 20°, 50°, and 75 °C., and was found not to change very much between 20° and 75°. An increase in temperature causes the break in the sorption curve to occur at a higher concentration of alkali. Cooking action begins between 50° and 75°, and tends to obscure the effect of an increase in temperature above 50°.

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THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE RATE OF NATURAL PENETRATION OF ELECTROLYTES INTO WOOD

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr34-015 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 180-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O. Maass

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Black Spruce ◽

Longitudinal Direction ◽

Lateral Direction ◽

Influence Of Temperature ◽

Influence Of Temperature On ◽

Different Shapes

The rates of diffusion of sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid into chips of black spruce heartwood impregnated with water were measured for different shapes of chip at 20, 50, and 75 °C. In the longitudinal direction of the wood, hydrochloric acid diffuses the most rapidly and sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride at nearly the same rates. In the lateral direction sodium hydroxide diffuses the most rapidly, owing to its action on the wood. Concentration of electrolyte is practically without influence on the time to half-value for sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. The density of the wood does not affect the rate of diffusion of sodium hydroxide.The rate of diffusion of water into air dry chips was measured at 20 and 50 °C.

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The effect of temperature on high-resolution TEM image contrast

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100139573 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 640-641

Author(s):

T. Geipel ◽

W. Mader ◽

P. Pirouz

Keyword(s):

Form Factor ◽

Inelastic Scattering ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Waller Factor ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Specimen Thickness ◽

Influence Of Temperature ◽

Debye Waller Factor ◽

Influence Of Temperature On ◽

Atomic Form Factor

Temperature affects both elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons in a crystal. The Debye-Waller factor, B, describes the influence of temperature on the elastic scattering of electrons, whereas the imaginary part of the (complex) atomic form factor, fc = fr + ifi, describes the influence of temperature on the inelastic scattering of electrons (i.e. absorption). In HRTEM simulations, two possible ways to include absorption are: (i) an approximate method in which absorption is described by a phenomenological constant, μ, i.e. fi; - μfr, with the real part of the atomic form factor, fr, obtained from Hartree-Fock calculations, (ii) a more accurate method in which the absorptive components, fi of the atomic form factor are explicitly calculated. In this contribution, the inclusion of both the Debye-Waller factor and absorption on HRTEM images of a (Oll)-oriented GaAs crystal are presented (using the EMS software.Fig. 1 shows the the amplitudes and phases of the dominant 111 beams as a function of the specimen thickness, t, for the cases when μ = 0 (i.e. no absorption, solid line) and μ = 0.1 (with absorption, dashed line).

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