Long-term effects of tillage and nitrogen fertilization on soil C and N fractions in a corn-soybean rotation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervin St. Luce ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Martin H. Chantigny ◽  
Justin Braun
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
C And N ◽  
N Rates

Tillage and nitrogen (N) fertilization can influence soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics, but their interactive effects remain contradictory. A long-term (25 yr) corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation was used to investigate the effect of tillage [moldboard plow (MP) and no-till (NT)] and N rates (0, 80 and 160 kg N ha-1) on soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (STN), respiration, and SOM fractions [particulate organic matter (POMC, POMN), mineral-associated organic matter (MAOMC, MAOMN), and microbial biomass (MBC, MBN)]. Results indicate that NT had 27% higher SOC and 24% higher STN than MP in the 0-20 cm depth. Furthermore, SOC and STN stocks (0-20 cm) were 22% and 20% higher, respectively, under NT than MP. There was significant stratification under NT, with a rather uniform distribution under MP. The SOM fractions and soil respiration were 28-275% and 20-83% higher at the 0-5 and 5-10 cm depths, respectively, under NT than MP. Interestingly, N fertilizer rate or its interaction with tillage had no impact, except for respiration (tillage × N rate and N rate × depth). Hence, while N addition was required for adequate grain production and increased cumulative plant C and N inputs, our findings indicate that the vertical distribution of SOC, STN and SOM fractions were affected by tillage, thereby influencing resource accessibility and subsequent dynamics of SOM fractions. Taken together, our results support the adoption of NT and judicious use of N fertilizers for enhancing topsoil SOM storage and fertility under humid temperate conditions.

Autumn and spring applications of ammonium nitrate and urea to bromegrass influence total and light fraction organic C and N in a thin Black Chernozem

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Malhi ◽  
J T Harapiak ◽  
M. Nyborg ◽  
K S Gill ◽  
N A Flore
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
Light Fraction Organic C ◽  
Total Organic C

An adequate level of organic matter is needed to sustain the productivity, improve the quality of soils and increase soil C. Grassland improvement is considered to be one of the best ways to achieve these goals. A field experiment, in which bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) was grown for hay, was conducted from 1974 to 1996 on a thin Black Chernozemic soil near Crossfield, Alberta. Total organic C (TOC) and total N (TN), and light fraction organic C (LFOC) and light fraction N (LFN) of soil for the treatments receiving 23 annual applications of 112 kg N ha-1 as ammonium nitrate (AN) or urea in early autumn, late autumn, early spring or late spring were compared to zero-N check. Soil samples from 0- to 5- cm (layer 1), 5- to 10- cm (layer 2), 10- to 15- cm (layer 3) and 15- to 30-cm depths were taken in October 1996. Mass of TOC, TN, LFOC and LFN was calculated using equivalent mass technique. The concentration and mass of TOC and LFOC, TN and LFN in the soil were increased by N fertilization compared to the zero-N check. The majority of this increase in C and N occurred in the surface 5-cm depth and predominantly occurred in the light fraction material. In layer 1, the average increase from N fertilization was 3.1 Mg C ha-1 for TOC, 1.82 Mg C ha-1 for LFOC, 0.20 Mg N ha-1 for TN and 0.12 Mg N ha-1 for LFN. The LFOC and LFN were more responsive to N fertilization compared to the TOC and TN. Averaged across application times, more TOC, LFOC, TN and LFN were stored under AN than under urea in layer 1, by 1.50, 1.21, 0.06 and 0.08 Mg ha-1, respectively. Lower volatilization loss and higher plant uptake of surfaced-broadcast N were probable reasons from more soil C and N storage under AN source. Time of N application had no effect on the soil characteristics studied. In conclusion, most of the N-induced increase in soil C and N occurred in the 0- to 5-cm depth (layer 1) and in the light fraction material, with the increases being greater under AN than urea. Key words: Bromegrass, light fraction C and N, N source, soil, total organic C and N

Management effects on the dynamics and storage rates of organic matter in long-term crop rotations

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Paul ◽  
H. P. Collins ◽  
K. Paustian ◽  
E. T. Elliott ◽  
S. Frey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Incubation ◽  
C And N ◽  
A Site ◽  
Management Effects

Factors controlling soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in soil C sequestration and N fertility were determined from multi-site analysis of long-term, crop rotation experiments in Western Canada. Analyses included bulk density, organic and inorganic C and N, particulate organic C (POM-C) and N (POM -N), and CO2-C evolved during laboratory incubation. The POM-C and POM-N contents varied with soil type. Differences in POM-C contents between treatments at a site (δPOM-C) were related (r2= 0.68) to treatment differences in soil C (δSOC). The CO2-C, evolved during laboratory incubation, was the most sensitive indicator of management effects. The Gray Luvisol (Breton, AB) cultivated plots had a fivefold difference in CO2-C release relative to a twofold difference in soil organic carbon (SOC). Soils from cropped, Black Chernozems (Melfort and Indian Head, SK) and Dark Brown Chernozems (Lethbridge, AB) released 50 to 60% as much CO2-C as grassland soils. Differences in CO2 evolution from the treatment with the lowest SOM on a site and that of other treatments (δCO2-C) in the early stages of the incubation were correlated to δPOM-C and this pool reflects short-term SOC storage. Management for soil fertility, such as N release, may differ from management for C sequestration. Key words: Multi-site analysis, soil management, soil C and N, POM-C and N, CO2 evolution

scholarly journals Trade-offs between the short- and long-term effects of residue quality on soil C and N dynamics

2010 ◽  
Vol 338 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Gentile ◽  
Bernard Vanlauwe ◽  
Pauline Chivenge ◽  
Johan Six
Keyword(s):  
Residue Quality ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
C And N Dynamics

scholarly journals Soil management effects on organic carbon in isolated fractions of a Gray Luvisol

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Plante ◽  
C. E. Stewart ◽  
R. T. Conant ◽  
K. Paustian ◽  
J. Six
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Pools

Agricultural management affects soil organic matter, which is important for sustainable crop production and as a greenhouse gas sink. Our objective was to determine how tillage, residue management and N fertilization affect organic C in unprotected, and physically, chemically and biochemically protected soil C pools. Samples from Breton, Alberta were fractionated and analysed for organic C content. As in previous reports, N fertilization had a positive effect, tillage had a minimal effect, and straw management had no effect on whole-soil organic C. Tillage and straw management did not alter organic C concentrations in the isolated C pools, while N fertilization increased C concentrations in all pools. Compared with a woodlot soil, the cultivated plots had lower total organic C, and the C was redistributed among isolated pools. The free light fraction and coarse particulate organic matter responded positively to C inputs, suggesting that much of the accumulated organic C occurred in an unprotected pool. The easily dispersed silt-sized fraction was the mineral-associated pool most responsive to changes in C inputs, whereas the microaggregate-derived silt-sized fraction best preserved C upon cultivation. These findings suggest that the silt-sized fraction is important for the long-term stabilization of organic matter through both physical occlusion in microaggregates and chemical protection by mineral association. Key words: Soil organic C, tillage, residue management, N fertilization, silt, clay

scholarly journals The changes of soil nitrogen and carbon contents in a long-term field experiment under different systems of nitrogen fertilization

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nedvěd ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
J. Černý ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
M. Balíková
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
C And N ◽  
N Compounds ◽  
Term Field

Content of N and C in soil were investigated in a long-term field experiment under different systems of N fertilization. Chernozem and Cambisol were extracted using hot water (N<sub>hws</sub>, C<sub>hws</sub>) and 0.01M CaCl<sub>2</sub> (N<sub>CaCl2</sub>, C<sub>DOC</sub>). The C<sub>t</sub>/N<sub>t</sub> ratio in Chernozem was 9.6:1 and in Cambisol 6.1:1. The lowest C<sub>t</sub>/N<sub>t</sub> ratio in both experiments was found in the control treatment. Results showed that C and N compounds are less stable in Cambisol, which leads to a higher rate of mineralization. In the Chernozem, N<sub>hws</sub> formed 3.66% from the total N content in the soil whereas N<sub>CaCl2</sub> formed only 0.82%. C<sub>hws</sub> formed 2.98% and C<sub>DOC</sub> 0.34% from total C content. Cambisol contains 4.81% of N<sub>hws</sub> and 0.84% of N<sub>CaCl2</sub> from the total N amount and 5.76% of C<sub>hws</sub> and 0.70% of C<sub>DOC</sub> from the total C content, respectively. Nitrogen extracted by 0.01M CaCl2 formed only 22.4% of N extractable by hot water in Chernozem and 17.5% in Cambisol. The lowest C/N ratios were obtained after the CaCl<sub>2</sub> extraction (3.0–6.2:1). The application of manure increased the content of soil organic N and C compared to the sewage sludge treatments.

Organic matter characteristics and water-stable aggregation of a sandy loam soil after 9 years of wood-residue applications

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N'dayegamiye ◽  
D. A. Angers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Heavy Fractions

The long-term effects of wood-residue applications on soil properties are not well documented. This study was undertaken to characterize the organic matter and aggregation of a sandy loam after 9 yr of biennial application of wood residues (tree clippings) at rates of 25, 50 and 100 Mg ha−1 with and without nitrogen fertilization. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the whole soil were determined as well as the C content of the density fractions and of the fractions soluble and insoluble to Na4P2O7. In comparison with the control, the whole-soil C content was 16–24% higher following application of wood residues alone and 16–37% higher for application of wood residues supplemented with nitrogen. The treatments had no effect on soil water-stable macroaggregation (> 250 μm). Wood-residue applications had no effect on the humic material (soluble in Na4P2O7) but favored the humin-C content (the fractions insoluble in Na4P2O7) by 25–60% relative to the control. The light-fraction organic matter was on average 68% larger, and the heavy fraction 17% larger, in the treated soils than in the control. On average, 80% of the differences in total organic C induced by residue application could be attributed to differences in the humin and heavy fractions. The long-term effect of wood-residue applications to the soil was, therefore, reflected in an accumulation of the more stable organic matter present as heavy and humin fractions. In addition, the differences in the light fractions suggested a short-term effect of wood-residue applications.Key words: Light and heavy fractions, wood residues, organic C, water-stable aggregates, humic acids, humins

Tillage-residue management affects the distribution, storage and turnover of mineral-associated organic matter – A case study from northern Mexico 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Romero ◽  
Xiying Hao ◽  
Paul Hazendonk ◽  
Timothy Schwinghamer ◽  
Martin Chantigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

&lt;p&gt;Managing croplands for increased storage of soil organic matter (SOM) is a critical step towards developing resilient farming systems in a changing climate. We examined SOM dynamics in a wheat (Triticum durum L.) &amp;#8211; maize (Zea mays L.) irrigated bed planting system established near Ciudad Obreg&amp;#243;n, Sonora, Mexico. Soil samples (0 &amp;#8211; 15 cm) were collected from conventionally tilled raised beds (CTB) with all crop residues incorporated (CTB-I) and permanent raised beds (PB) with crop residues burned (PB-B), removed (PB-R), partly retained (PB-P) or fully retained (PB-K) receiving 0, 150 or 300 kg N ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, and analyzed for organic C (OC), total N (TN) and &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C in whole-soil, light fraction (LF) and coarse- (sand) and fine- (silt and clay) mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM). Results indicated that PB-K and PB-B increased soil OC (P &lt; 0.05) in whole-soil relative to CTB-I, mainly through increases in sand- and silt-size MAOM, respectively. Similarly, N-fertilization increased soil OC and TN contents in whole-soil, coarse-MAOM, and fine-MAOM, but not in the LF pool. Soil &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in PB-K (-20.18&amp;#8240;) relative to PB-B (-20.67&amp;#8240;), possibly due to the stabilization of partly decomposed maize-C in silt- and clay-size MAOM. The composition of SOM surveyed by CPMAS &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C NMR was not affected by tillage-residue management and roughly consisted of 35% O-alkyl-C, 31% alkyl-C, 24% aromatic-C, and 10% carboxyl-C. Our results indicate that long-term PB-K and PB-B adoption increased surface soil OC contents relative to CTB-I, even though pathways of SOM stabilization differed between systems. Under PB-K, accumulation of fine-MAOM was mostly related to straw-C inputs, whereas in PB-B it was closely associated with black-C precursors. Fine-MAOM appeared responsive to crop residue management and should be therefore considered when analyzing mechanisms of SOM stabilization in irrigated croplands.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gepj.5f4bda4b7cff54512830161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&amp;app=m&amp;a=0&amp;c=e41c23ac3d107ae401152ab2ecf4553d&amp;ct=x&amp;pn=gepj.elif&amp;d=1&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Macronutrients in Soil and Wheat as Affected by a Long-Term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization in Winter Wheat–Fallow Rotation

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Shiwakoti ◽  
Valtcho Zheljazkov ◽  
Hero Gollany ◽  
Markus Kleber ◽  
Baoshan Xing
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Rates

The insights gained from the long-term impacts of tillage and N fertilization on soil fertility are crucial for the development of sustainable cropping systems. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of 75 years of tillage and N fertilization on macronutrients in soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tissues grown in a winter wheat–summer fallow rotation. The experiment included three types of tillage (disc, DP; sweep, SW; and moldboard, MP) and five N application rates (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha−1). Soil and tissue samples were analyzed for the concentration of total N, S, and C, Mehlich III extractable P, K, Mg, Ca in the soil, and the total concentration of the same nutrients in wheat tissue. Soil N concentration was significantly greater under DP (1.10 g kg−1) than under MP (1.03 g kg−1). The P concentration in upper 20 cm soil depth increased with increased N rates. Comparison of experiment plots to a nearby undisturbed pasture revealed a decline of P (32%), SOC (34%), Mg (77%), and Ca (86%) in the top 10 cm soil depth. The results suggest that DP with high N rates could reduce the macronutrient decline in soil and plant over time.

EFFECT OF FERTILIZER ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN LONG-TERM SPRING WHEAT ROTATIONS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. JANZEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C And N ◽  
N Fertility

Surface soil samples taken from two long-term crop rotations at Lethbridge, Alberta were used to assess the influence of fertilizer N and P on total and mineralizable concentrations of organic C and N in a Dark Brown Chernozemic soil. Rotations sampled were continuous wheat and fallow-wheat-wheat initiated in 1912. In 1967 and 1972, N fertilizer and P fertilizer treatments, respectively, were superimposed over the rotation treatments (which had received no previous fertilizer) to produce a factorial of two N rates (0 and 45 kg N ha−1) by two P rates (0 and 20 kg P ha−1). After 18 yr of application, N fertilizers increased organic C content in both rotations by approximately 14% over that observed in soil receiving no N fertilizer. Organic N contents, similarly, were increased by 15 and 11% in the continuous wheat and fallow-wheat-wheat rotations, respectively. As well, N fertilization increased relative N mineralization potential by 22% in the continuous wheat rotation and by 44% in the fallow-wheat-wheat rotation. Phosphorus fertilization had no significant influence on either total or mineralizable C and N concentrations. Soil pH (measured in dilute CaCl2) was reduced, on average, from 7.2 to 6.9 by 18 annual N applications. These results demonstrate that N fertilization can make significant contributions to the replenishment of organic matter in soil and to the maintenance of indigenous soil N fertility. Key words: Organic matter, nitrogen, carbon, mineralizable nitrogen, mineralizable carbon, pH

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document