Tillage-residue management affects the distribution, storage and turnover of mineral-associated organic matter – A case study from northern Mexico 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Romero ◽  
Xiying Hao ◽  
Paul Hazendonk ◽  
Timothy Schwinghamer ◽  
Martin Chantigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

<p>Managing croplands for increased storage of soil organic matter (SOM) is a critical step towards developing resilient farming systems in a changing climate. We examined SOM dynamics in a wheat (Triticum durum L.) – maize (Zea mays L.) irrigated bed planting system established near Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico. Soil samples (0 – 15 cm) were collected from conventionally tilled raised beds (CTB) with all crop residues incorporated (CTB-I) and permanent raised beds (PB) with crop residues burned (PB-B), removed (PB-R), partly retained (PB-P) or fully retained (PB-K) receiving 0, 150 or 300 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>, and analyzed for organic C (OC), total N (TN) and δ<sup>13</sup>C in whole-soil, light fraction (LF) and coarse- (sand) and fine- (silt and clay) mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM). Results indicated that PB-K and PB-B increased soil OC (P < 0.05) in whole-soil relative to CTB-I, mainly through increases in sand- and silt-size MAOM, respectively. Similarly, N-fertilization increased soil OC and TN contents in whole-soil, coarse-MAOM, and fine-MAOM, but not in the LF pool. Soil δ<sup>13</sup>C was higher (P < 0.05) in PB-K (-20.18‰) relative to PB-B (-20.67‰), possibly due to the stabilization of partly decomposed maize-C in silt- and clay-size MAOM. The composition of SOM surveyed by CPMAS <sup>13</sup>C NMR was not affected by tillage-residue management and roughly consisted of 35% O-alkyl-C, 31% alkyl-C, 24% aromatic-C, and 10% carboxyl-C. Our results indicate that long-term PB-K and PB-B adoption increased surface soil OC contents relative to CTB-I, even though pathways of SOM stabilization differed between systems. Under PB-K, accumulation of fine-MAOM was mostly related to straw-C inputs, whereas in PB-B it was closely associated with black-C precursors. Fine-MAOM appeared responsive to crop residue management and should be therefore considered when analyzing mechanisms of SOM stabilization in irrigated croplands.</p><p><img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gepj.5f4bda4b7cff54512830161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&app=m&a=0&c=e41c23ac3d107ae401152ab2ecf4553d&ct=x&pn=gepj.elif&d=1" alt=""></p>

scholarly journals Soil management effects on organic carbon in isolated fractions of a Gray Luvisol

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Plante ◽  
C. E. Stewart ◽  
R. T. Conant ◽  
K. Paustian ◽  
J. Six
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Pools

Agricultural management affects soil organic matter, which is important for sustainable crop production and as a greenhouse gas sink. Our objective was to determine how tillage, residue management and N fertilization affect organic C in unprotected, and physically, chemically and biochemically protected soil C pools. Samples from Breton, Alberta were fractionated and analysed for organic C content. As in previous reports, N fertilization had a positive effect, tillage had a minimal effect, and straw management had no effect on whole-soil organic C. Tillage and straw management did not alter organic C concentrations in the isolated C pools, while N fertilization increased C concentrations in all pools. Compared with a woodlot soil, the cultivated plots had lower total organic C, and the C was redistributed among isolated pools. The free light fraction and coarse particulate organic matter responded positively to C inputs, suggesting that much of the accumulated organic C occurred in an unprotected pool. The easily dispersed silt-sized fraction was the mineral-associated pool most responsive to changes in C inputs, whereas the microaggregate-derived silt-sized fraction best preserved C upon cultivation. These findings suggest that the silt-sized fraction is important for the long-term stabilization of organic matter through both physical occlusion in microaggregates and chemical protection by mineral association. Key words: Soil organic C, tillage, residue management, N fertilization, silt, clay

Simulation of soil organic carbon and nitrogen changes in cereal and pasture systems of southern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Carter ◽  
WJ Parton ◽  
IC Rowland ◽  
JE Schultz ◽  
GR Steed
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

Maintenance and improvement of soil organic matter levels is an important concern in dryland farming systems of temperate regions. The Century soil organic matter model was used to simulate changes in soil organic C and total N under long-term wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and pasture rotations at five sites in southern Australia. Average declines in soil organic C and total N of 14 and 10%, respectively, in continuous and wheat-fallow systems over a 10 to 20 year period were closely simulated by the model at each site. Additions of N fertilizer (80 kg N ha-1), which prevented soil organic matter decline in continuous wheat systems, was also well represented by the model. Trends in soil organic matter under long-term legume pasture were not adequately simulated by the model, probably due to the 'annual' nature of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterranean L.) in dry seasons and subsequent changes in the ratio of live to dead plant biomass and shoot to root ratios. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of adequate total plant C production to prevent a decline in soil organic C.

Trends in key soil parameters under conservation agriculture-based sustainable intensification farming practices in the Eastern Ganga Alluvial Plains

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sinha ◽  
A. Ghosh ◽  
T. Dhar ◽  
P. M. Bhattacharya ◽  
B. Mitra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C

Key soil parameters, organic matter, soil pH and plant nutrients determine the capacity of a soil to sustain plant and animal productivity. Conservation agriculture (CA) and crop diversification or intensification may change these soil parameters positively or negatively, which eventually affect long-term sustainability. We monitored these key soil properties (at depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm) under CA-based sustainable intensification practices: zero-till (ZT), and crop residue retention, and crop rotations on Inceptisols and Entisols in the Eastern Ganga Alluvial Plains from 2014 to 2017. The rainfall of this sub-tropical region is 1273–3201 mm. Soil organic carbon (C) ranged within 0.46–1.13% and generally followed (positive) rainfall gradients. At all sites, the soil under ZT tended to have higher organic C than conventional tillage (CT). Soil pHH2O ranged within 5.7–7.8 across the region. At all sites, soil pH generally decreased under ZT compared to CT. This was most marked at some acidic soil sites where pH decreased by up to 0.4 units; the lower the initial soil pH, the higher was the decrease in pH under ZT practice. In contrast, the reverse trend was observed for soil organic C. Partial nutrient balances for N, P and K in rice–wheat and rice–maize systems were positive for N and P (<50 kg ha–1) but negative for K (up to 90 kg ha–1) under both tillage practices; more so under ZT practice even though crop residues were retained. Changes under ZT provide an opportunity to maintain soil organic C. However, remediation measures such as liming and efficient use of fertilisers are required for long-term sustainability of the farming systems in this agriculturally important region of South Asia.

BURNING CROP RESIDUES: EFFECT ON SELECTED SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND LONG-TERM WHEAT YIELDS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. DORMAAR ◽  
U. J. PITTMAN ◽  
E. D. SPRATT
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Chelating Resin ◽  
Available P ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Straw Burning

Soils from a long-term spring wheat — spring wheat — fallow crop rotation study at Lethbridge, Alberta, and two similar crop rotations at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, were analyzed for pH, organic C, total N, chelating resin-extractable C, polysaccharides, water-stable aggregates, NH4-N, NO3-N, and available P. Several agronomic practices, including straw burning, have been tested in the rotations. At Lethbridge, soil samples from the straw-burning treatment showed a decrease (P < 0.05) in soil polysaccharides and in the percentage of water-stable aggregates. At Indian Head, where straw was burned, organic C and polysaccharide content of all soils were decreased (P < 0.05), and NH4-N and available P were decreased (P < 0.05) in some soils. The other soil characteristics examined were not affected by burning of the previous crop residue or, as with available P, reacted differently at different sites. Long-term wheat yields tended to be greater in all experiments when straw was not burned. On the basis of the results obtained, burning of crop residues on a long-term basis must be discouraged.

Long-term effects of tillage and nitrogen fertilization on soil C and N fractions in a corn-soybean rotation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervin St. Luce ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Martin H. Chantigny ◽  
Justin Braun
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
C And N ◽  
N Rates

Tillage and nitrogen (N) fertilization can influence soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics, but their interactive effects remain contradictory. A long-term (25 yr) corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation was used to investigate the effect of tillage [moldboard plow (MP) and no-till (NT)] and N rates (0, 80 and 160 kg N ha-1) on soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (STN), respiration, and SOM fractions [particulate organic matter (POMC, POMN), mineral-associated organic matter (MAOMC, MAOMN), and microbial biomass (MBC, MBN)]. Results indicate that NT had 27% higher SOC and 24% higher STN than MP in the 0-20 cm depth. Furthermore, SOC and STN stocks (0-20 cm) were 22% and 20% higher, respectively, under NT than MP. There was significant stratification under NT, with a rather uniform distribution under MP. The SOM fractions and soil respiration were 28-275% and 20-83% higher at the 0-5 and 5-10 cm depths, respectively, under NT than MP. Interestingly, N fertilizer rate or its interaction with tillage had no impact, except for respiration (tillage × N rate and N rate × depth). Hence, while N addition was required for adequate grain production and increased cumulative plant C and N inputs, our findings indicate that the vertical distribution of SOC, STN and SOM fractions were affected by tillage, thereby influencing resource accessibility and subsequent dynamics of SOM fractions. Taken together, our results support the adoption of NT and judicious use of N fertilizers for enhancing topsoil SOM storage and fertility under humid temperate conditions.

EFFECT OF FERTILIZER ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN LONG-TERM SPRING WHEAT ROTATIONS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. JANZEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C And N ◽  
N Fertility

Surface soil samples taken from two long-term crop rotations at Lethbridge, Alberta were used to assess the influence of fertilizer N and P on total and mineralizable concentrations of organic C and N in a Dark Brown Chernozemic soil. Rotations sampled were continuous wheat and fallow-wheat-wheat initiated in 1912. In 1967 and 1972, N fertilizer and P fertilizer treatments, respectively, were superimposed over the rotation treatments (which had received no previous fertilizer) to produce a factorial of two N rates (0 and 45 kg N ha−1) by two P rates (0 and 20 kg P ha−1). After 18 yr of application, N fertilizers increased organic C content in both rotations by approximately 14% over that observed in soil receiving no N fertilizer. Organic N contents, similarly, were increased by 15 and 11% in the continuous wheat and fallow-wheat-wheat rotations, respectively. As well, N fertilization increased relative N mineralization potential by 22% in the continuous wheat rotation and by 44% in the fallow-wheat-wheat rotation. Phosphorus fertilization had no significant influence on either total or mineralizable C and N concentrations. Soil pH (measured in dilute CaCl2) was reduced, on average, from 7.2 to 6.9 by 18 annual N applications. These results demonstrate that N fertilization can make significant contributions to the replenishment of organic matter in soil and to the maintenance of indigenous soil N fertility. Key words: Organic matter, nitrogen, carbon, mineralizable nitrogen, mineralizable carbon, pH

Relating particulate organic matter-nitrogen (POM-N) and non-POM-N with pulse crop residues, residue management and cereal N uptake

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 777-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme D. Schwenke ◽  
Warwick L. Felton ◽  
David F. Herridge ◽  
Dil F. Khan ◽  
Mark B. Peoples
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Pulse Crop

scholarly journals Impacts of long-term plant residue management on soil organic matter quality, Pseudomonas community structure and disease suppressiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 396-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryony E.A. Dignam ◽  
Maureen O'Callaghan ◽  
Leo M. Condron ◽  
Jos M. Raaijmakers ◽  
George A. Kowalchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Organic Matter Quality ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Quality

Impact of long-term cultivation on the status of organic matter and cadmium in soil

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. E. McArthur ◽  
P M Huang ◽  
L M Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Total Organic C ◽  
Soil Cd ◽  
Cultivated Soils

Research has suggested a link between the bioavailability of soil Cd and total soil organic matter. However, some research suggested a negative relationship between total soil organic matter and bioavailable soil Cd while other research suggested a positive relationship. This study investigated the relationship between soil Cd and both the quantity and quality of soil organic matter as influenced by long-term cultivation. Two Orthic Chernozemic surface soil samples, one from a virgin prairie and the other from an adjacent cultivated prairie, were collected from each of 12 different sites throughout southern Saskatchewan, Canada. The samples were analyzed for total organic C, total Cd, Cd availability index (CAI), and pH. The nature of the soil organic matter was investigated with 13C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (13C CPMAS NMR). The total soil Cd, CAI, and total soil organic C of the cultivated soils were significantly lower than those of the virgin soils whereas the opposite trend was observed for the soil pH and the aromaticity of the organic C. The reduced CAI in the cultivated soils was related to the increase in both the soil pH and the aromaticity of the organic C. No relationship was found between the CAI and the soil organic C content, but a significant positive correlation was found between total organic C and total Cd in both the virgin and the cultivated soils. As well, a significant positive correlation was found between the fraction of total Cd removed from the soil after long-term cultivation and the corresponding fraction of organic C removed. Key words: Long-term cultivation, soil organic matter, 13C CPMAS NMR, cadmium

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