scholarly journals Hemipenes eversion behavior: a new form of communication in two Liolaemus lizards (Iguania: Liolaemidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Ruiz-Monachesi ◽  
A. Paz ◽  
M. Quipildor
Keyword(s):  
Visual Display ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Conspecific Male ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Light Blue ◽  
Conspecific Female ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
New Form ◽  
Communicative Context ◽  
Behavioral Perspective

Males of several animals have intromittent organs and may use these in a communicative context during sexual or intrasexual interactions. In some lizards, hemipenes eversion behavior have been observed, and the aim of this study is to find out whether this behavior is functionally significant under a communicative approach. Here, we investigated the eversion of hemipenes in the Light Blue Lizard (Liolaemus coeruleus Cei and Ortiz-Zapata, 1983) and in the Valley Lizard (Liolaemus quilmes Etheridge, 1993) by filming the response of male focal lizards in different experimental settings: (i) an agonistic context, i.e., with a conspecific male, (ii) a sexual context, i.e., with a conspecific female, and (iii) a control treatment, i.e., without a treatment lizard. In both species, focal lizards showed this behavior only in an agonistic context, with interspecific differences as follows. Liolaemus coeruleus has longer times until eversion and dragging of hemipenes; however, it has shorter time of eversion and exposition of the hemipenes. Liolaemus quilmes has the opposite pattern compared with L. coeruleus. These indicate that eversion of the hemipenes can act as a visual display and as a signal of aggressive behavior towards conspecific rival males. The present study offers a new behavioral perspective on the use of masculine genitalia in lizards.

Endogenously Generated and Visually Guided Saccades after Lesions of the Human Frontal Eye Fields

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avishai Henik ◽  
Robert Rafal ◽  
Dell Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Frontal Eye Fields ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Key Press ◽  
Reflexive Saccades ◽  
Voluntary Saccades

Nine patients with chronic, unilateral lesions of the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex including the frontal eye fields (FEF) made saccades toward contralesional and ipsilesional fields. The saccades were either voluntarily directed in response to arrows in the center of a visual display, or were reflexively summoned by a peripheral visual signal. Saccade latencies were compared to those made by seven neurologic control patients with chronic, unilateral lesions of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex sparing the FEF, and by 13 normal control subjects. In both the normal and neurologic control subjects, reflexive saccades had shorter Latencies than voluntary saccades. In the FEF lesion patients, voluntary saccades had longer latencies toward the contralesional field than toward the ipsilesional field. The opposite pattern was found for reflexive saccades: latencies of saccades to targets in the contralesional field were shorter than saccades summoned to ipsilesional targets. Reflexive saccades toward the ipsilesional field had abnormally prolonged latencies; they were comparable to the latencies observed for voluntary Saccades. The effect of FEF lesions on saccacles contrasted with those observed in a second experiment requiring a key press response: FEF lesion patients were slower in making key press responses to signals detected in the contralesional field. To assess covert attention and preparatory set the effects of precues providing advance information were measured in both saccade and key press experiments. Neither patient group showed any deficiency in using precues to shift attention or to prepare saccades. The FEF facilitates the generation of voluntary saccatles and also inhibits reflexive saccades to exogenous signals. FEF lesions may disinhibit the ipsilesional midbrain which in turn may inhibit the opposite colliculus to slow reflexive saccades toward the ipsilesional field.

DINING AS SPECTACLE IN LATE ROMAN HOUSES

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN STEPHENSON
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Late Roman

Abstract The elements of visual culture preserved in late Roman houses confirm an intense interest in dramatic visual display. This study employs an interpretive lens of spectacle to examine a new form of banquet space amd furnishings in the period, as well as a new style of ‘dinner-theatre’ they served. By considering ancient art as inseparable from active contexts and ephemeral events, a more sophisticated understanding of a society's self-definition through art emerges. Rather than being epiphenomenal to the poliltical culture of late antiquity, spectacle is argued to be central to the creation and contestation of power structures: performance is politics.

Topographical Patterns of ERP Elicited by Different Visual Information-Processing Tasks

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Kentaro Kotani ◽  
Andris Freivalds ◽  
Ken Horii
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Visual Display Terminal ◽  
Number Comparison ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Related Potentials

Topographical patterns of event-related potentials were compared on a visual display terminal for a data-input task and a number-comparison task. Maximum negative peaks were found in the frontal and central regions for the former but at midline locations for the latter. Latencies were shorter in the occipital regions than in the frontal regions for the former and the opposite pattern was found for the latter. An analysis of variance indicated that hemispheric location significantly affected the amplitude of peaks. On the other hand, latencies were affected by the task, frontal and occipital regions, and their interaction. These results suggest that a pattern of the topographic display of event-related potentials can be used as an objective means for classifying visual tasks.

scholarly journals Theranostic Applications of Nanomaterials for Ophthalmic Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushal Divya ◽  
Pathak Yashwant V. ◽  
Sneed Kevin B.
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Biological Interaction ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
New Form ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
And Personalized Medicine

The development of theranostic applications of nanomaterials has presented researchers with a new form of diagnosing and treating diseases, such as cancer, Diabetic Retinopathy, and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Theranostic have allowed for a bridge between conventional medicine and personalized medicine with the use of nanomaterials. The applications of nanomaterials within medicine (nanomedicine) have changed the diagnosis, monitoring, control, treatment, and prevention of diseases. The effects of the biological interaction of nanomaterials within the human body must be examined further to understand the efficacy, toxicity, and biodistribution. The use of theranostic application of nanomaterials has gained attention in the field of Ophthalmology. The use of theranostic nanomaterials to reduce current treatments, complications, diagnosis, reduce the effects and treat a visually threatening disease is appealing. The benefit of treating ocular diseases with theranostic will allow for better visibility and targeted treatment.

Effects of nitrogen additions on nitrogen resorption and use efficiencies and foliar litterfall of six tree species in a mixed birch and poplar forest, northeastern China

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2256-2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Li ◽  
Xingbo Zheng ◽  
Shijie Han ◽  
Junqiang Zheng ◽  
Tonghua Li
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Nitrogen Resorption ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Populus Davidiana ◽  
Populus Davidiana Dode ◽  
N Additions

We studied nitrogen (N) resorption efficiencies (NRE), N use efficiencies (NUE), carbon-to-nitrogen ratios of green (C:Ngreen) and senesced (C:Nsenesced) foliage, and foliar litterfall for six tree species under three N treatments (control, no N addition; low N addition, 2.5 g N·m–2·year–1; and high N addition, 5.0 g N·m–2·year–1) in a mixed birch and poplar forest in northeastern China in 2007 and 2008. N additions were initiated in 2006. NRE, NUE, C:Ngreen, and C:Nsenesced were significantly decreased by N additions and tended to decrease with increasing N addition treatments. N additions significantly increased foliar litterfall of Acer mono Maxim., Betula platyphylla Sukatschev, Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc., and Populus davidiana Dode and slightly altered litterfall of Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr. and Populus koreana Rehder. High N addition changed foliar litterfall of A. mono, F. mandschurica, P. davidiana, and P. koreana more than low N addition, whereas an opposite pattern was found for B. platyphylla and P. koraiensis. Our study showed that foliar litterfall responses to N additions varied among tree species, but this could not be predicted by the interspecific differences in NRE, NUE, C:Ngreen, and C:Nsenesced under each of the three N treatments.

Fine Structure of Platelet Interaction with a New Microcrystalline Collagen Preparation

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
W. H. Zucker ◽  
R. G. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Hemostatic Agent ◽  
Native Collagen ◽  
Fibrillar Morphology ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
New Form

Platelet adhesion initiates platelet aggregation and is an important component of the hemostatic process. Since the development of a new form of collagen as a topical hemostatic agent is of both basic and clinical interest, an ultrastructural and hematologic study of the interaction of platelets with the microcrystalline collagen preparation was undertaken.In this study, whole blood anticoagulated with EDTA was used in order to inhibit aggregation and permit study of platelet adhesion to collagen as an isolated event. The microcrystalline collagen was prepared from bovine dermal corium; milling was with sharp blades. The preparation consists of partial hydrochloric acid amine collagen salts and retains much of the fibrillar morphology of native collagen.

The staining pattern of the tropomyosin sequence is displayed in a new paracrystal

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
M.K. Lamvik ◽  
L.L. Klatt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Mass Thickness ◽  
New Form

Tropomyosin paracrystals have been used extensively as test specimens and magnification standards due to their clear periodic banding patterns. The paracrystal type discovered by Ohtsuki1 has been of particular interest as a test of unstained specimens because of alternating bands that differ by 50% in mass thickness. While producing specimens of this type, we came across a new paracrystal form. Since this new form displays aligned tropomyosin molecules without the overlaps that are characteristic of the Ohtsuki-type paracrystal, it presents a staining pattern that corresponds to the amino acid sequence of the molecule.

Bang for Your Buck: A Single-Case Experimental Design Study of Practice Amount and Distribution in Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 3160-3182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Maas ◽  
Christina Gildersleeve-Neumann ◽  
Kathy Jakielski ◽  
Nicolette Kovacs ◽  
Ruth Stoeckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Distributed Practice ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Massed Practice ◽  
Treatment Conditions

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine 2 aspects of treatment intensity in treatment for childhood apraxia of speech (CAS): practice amount and practice distribution. Method Using an alternating-treatments single-subject design with multiple baselines, we compared high versus low amount of practice, and massed versus distributed practice, in 6 children with CAS. Conditions were manipulated in the context of integral stimulation treatment. Changes in perceptual accuracy, scored by blinded analysts, were quantified with effect sizes. Results Four children showed an advantage for high amount of practice, 1 showed an opposite effect, and 1 showed no condition difference. For distribution, 4 children showed a clear advantage for massed over distributed practice post treatment; 1 showed an opposite pattern, and 1 showed no clear difference. Follow-up revealed a similar pattern. All children demonstrated treatment effects (larger gains for treated than untreated items). Conclusions High practice amount and massed practice were associated with more robust speech motor learning in most children with CAS, compared to low amount and distributed practice, respectively. Variation in effects across children warrants further research to determine factors that predict optimal treatment conditions. Finally, this study adds to the evidence base supporting the efficacy of integral stimulation treatment for CAS. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9630599

A multicentre randomized controlled trial on trans-generational attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in mothers and children (AIMAC): an exploratory analysis of predictors and moderators of treatment outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Jaite ◽  
Betteke Maria van Noort ◽  
Timo D. Vloet ◽  
Erika Graf ◽  
Viola Kappel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
Maternal Adhd

Abstract. Objective: We examined predictors and moderators of treatment outcome in mothers and children diagnosed with ADHD in a large multicentre RCT. Method: In total, 144 mother-child dyads with ADHD were randomly assigned to either a maternal ADHD treatment (group psychotherapy and open methylphenidate medication, TG) or to a control treatment (individual counselling without psycho- or pharmacotherapy, CG). After maternal ADHD treatment, parent-child training (PCT) for all mother-child dyads was added. The final analysis set was based on 123 dyads with completed primary outcome assessments (TG: n = 67, CG: n = 56). The primary outcome was the change in each child’s externalizing symptoms. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: The severity of the child’s externalizing problem behaviour in the family at baseline predicted more externalizing symptoms in the child after PCT, independent of maternal treatment. When mothers had a comorbid depression, TG children showed more externalizing symptoms after PCT than CG children of depressive mothers. No differences between the treatment arms were seen in the mothers without comorbid depression. Conclusions: Severely impaired mothers with ADHD and depressive disorder are likely to need additional disorder-specific treatment for their comorbid psychiatric disorders to effectively transfer the contents of the PCT to the home situation (CCTISRCTN73911400).

The Effects of Visual Displays in Attenuating Discrepancies Between Self-Reported and Physiological Indexes of Stress

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jenny J. W. Liu ◽  
Julia Gervasio ◽  
Kenneth Fung ◽  
Kristin Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Stress Task ◽  
Physiological Indexes ◽  
Physiological Outcomes ◽  
Physiological Markers ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This study examined whether the relationship between subjective and physiological outcomes of stress, and the responsivity to stressors, are affected by whether participants can see a visual display of their physiological output. Participants were randomly assigned to have a visible view of their physiological output readings, or to a condition in which physiological output readings were out of view. Participants individually completed a 30-min laboratory study including the modified Trier Social Stress Task. Both physiological markers of stress (heart rate and blood pressure) and subjective evaluations of stress (visual analog scale) were measured. Results found little congruency across subjective and physiological measures of stress. The visible visual display condition had elevated physiological arousal, while no group differences were observed in self-reported stress. Findings from the study provide insight into the use of visual physiological displays and hold practical implications for both the measurement of stress in research, and the development of wearable technologies without accompanying response strategies.

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