Wing plastic response to temperature variation in two distantly related neotropical Drosophila species (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Phenotypic plasticity has been described for morphological and life-history traits in many organisms. In Drosophila, temperature drives phenotypic change in several traits, but few neotropical species have been studied and whether the phenotypic variation associated with plasticity is adaptive remains unclear. Here, we studied the phenotypic response to temperature variation in the distant related neotropical species Drosophila mercatorum (Patterson and Wheeler, 1942) and Drosophila willistoni (Sturtevant, 1916). We evaluate if wing shape variation follows that observed in the neotropical species Drosophila cardini (Sturtevant, 1916): round wings at lower temperatures and narrower wings at higher temperatures. The variation in egg-adult development time and wing size, shape, and allometry was described using reaction norms and geometric morphometrics. In both species, development time and wing size decreased with increasing temperature and wing allometry showed that size explained ≈10% of the shape variation. Wing shape, however, exhibited contrasting responses. At higher temperatures, D. mercatorum developed slightly slender wings, following the pattern previously found for D. cardini, while D. willistoni developed plumper and shorter wings, supporting previous studies on Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830). We conclude that all traits studied here were influenced by temperature, and that wing shape seems also to be influenced by phylogeny.

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The Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): species delimitation and evolutionary relationships based on wing geometric morphometrics

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1825.1.4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1825 (1) ◽

pp. 40 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

JASMINA LUDOŠKI ◽

LJUBINKA FRANCUSKI ◽

ANTE VUJIĆ ◽

VESNA MILANKOV

Keyword(s):

Sequence Data ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Wing Shape ◽

Canonical Variate ◽

Wing Size ◽

Shape Variation ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Mahalanobis Distances ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Upgma Cluster Analysis

A landmark-based geometric morphometric approach was used to assess differences in the size and shape of wing among/within three species of the Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha. Wing size and shape variation was observed from 25, 176 and 41 specimens of C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha, respectively, collected from six localities on the Balkan Peninsula. Significant differences in wing size were obtained among the analysed species and canonical variate analysis showed that wing shape was sufficiently different to allow the correct classification of 73% individuals of C. canicularis, 80% of C. orthotricha and 94% of C. himantopus, and clear delimitation of the species pairs C. canicularis/C. orthotricha and C. himantopus/C. orthotricha. In all analysed species, the consistent sex dimorphism in wing shape was observed indicating that female specimens had shorter and broader wings than males. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on squared Mahalanobis distances revealed close accordance with previously published phylogenetic relationships of these species indicated by allozyme and DNA sequence data analysis. Our results suggested that wing parameters contain useful information in quantification phenotypic variation and identification of species in this challenging group for taxonomy and systematics.

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Clinal variation and laboratory adaptation in the rainforest species Drosophila birchii for stress resistance, wing size, wing shape and development time

Journal of Evolutionary Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00782.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 213-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

J. A. Griffiths ◽

M. Schiffer ◽

A. A. Hoffmann

Keyword(s):

Stress Resistance ◽

Development Time ◽

Wing Shape ◽

Clinal Variation ◽

Wing Size ◽

Laboratory Adaptation

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Wing Metric Variation in Aedes aegypti Effect of Altitude on Wing Metric Variation of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Region of the Colombian Central Andes

10.1101/2020.01.29.924746 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Luis M. Leyton-Ramos ◽

Oscar Alexander Aguirre-Obando ◽

Jonny Edward Duque ◽

Víctor Hugo García-Merchán

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽

Altitudinal Gradient ◽

Wing Shape ◽

Small Scale ◽

Wing Size ◽

Shape Variation ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Metric Variation ◽

Shape And Size

AbstractIn mosquitoes of medical importance, wing shape and size can vary with altitude, an aspect that can influence dispersion and, consequently, their vector capacity. Using geometric morphometry analysis, Aedes aegypti wing size and shape variation of males and females was studied in four altitudes in the second-smallest department in Colombia: 1.200 m (Tebaida), 1.400 m (Armenia), 1.500 m (Calarcá), and 1.700 m (Filandia). Wing shape in males (P < 0.001) and females (P < 0.001) was significantly different through the altitudinal gradient; in turn, wing size in males followed the altitudinal gradient (Males R2 = 0.04946, P = 0.0002), Females (R2 = 0.0011, P = 0.46). Wing allometry for males (P < 0.001) and females (P < 0.001) was significant. Likewise, the shape and size of the wings of males (P < 0.001) and females (P < 0.001) had significant fluctuating asymmetry. It is concluded that, in a small scale with an altitudinal variation of 500 meters, it is detected that the size and shape of the wings varied in A. aegypti, principal vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. The fluctuating asymmetry is present in the individuals studied and could be associated with environmental effects caused by vector control campaigns present in some sampling locations.

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A checklist of Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Mordovia, Russia and variation of wing shape in Bombylius species

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d190622 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 2147-2156 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MARIYA ALEXANDROVNA CHURSINA ◽

ALEXANDER BORISOVICH RUCHIN

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Interspecific Variation ◽

Wing Shape ◽

Allometric Relationships ◽

Wing Size ◽

Shape Variation ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Variation Potential ◽

Good Discriminator ◽

First Time

Chursina MA, Ruchin AB. 2018. A checklist of Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Mordovia, Russia and variation of wing shape in Bombylius species. Biodiversitas 19: 2147-2156. A checklist of Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Republic of Mordovia (Russia) is provided, based on material collected from 2008 to 2017. One hundred ninety specimens from 75 localities were collected. Fourteen of the twenty species are listed as belonging to the fauna for the first time. Intraspecific variation and sexual dimorphism in the wing shape of three species of the genus Bombylius Linnaeus, 1758 were investigated using geometric morphometric techniques. The analysis revealed that wing shape is a good discriminator of the species. In addition, significant sexual dimorphism were found: females of two of the three species had larger wings than males. The sex shape differences consisted mainly of сhanges in the placement of the CuA and A1, while interspecific wing shape variation distributed in more dimensions. There was no evidence for allometric relationships relating to sexual dimorphism and interspecific variation. Potential adaptive significance of interspecific and intersex variation in wing size and shape is discussed.

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RESPIRATION AND DROWNING IN OVERWINTERING PUPAE OF HELIOTHIS ZEA (BODDIE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent119329-4 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 119 (4) ◽

pp. 329-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D.W. Williams ◽

R.E. Stinner

Keyword(s):

Respiration Rate ◽

Adult Development ◽

Empirical Model ◽

Development Time ◽

Mechanistic Model ◽

Heliothis Zea ◽

Survival Times ◽

Respiration Rates ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Pharate Adult

AbstractRespiration rates and drowning times after complete submergence were observed in diapausing Heliothis zea (Boddie) pupae at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 27°C. Respiration rate in pupae 2.5–12 weeks in diapause increased as an exponential function of temperature. The respiration rate of post-diapause pupae at 27°C increased over 10-fold in an approximately linear fashion during 12 days of pharate adult development. Time to 50% drowning in diapausing pupae decreased with increasing temperature, varying from 22.9 to 4.1 days at 5 and 27°C, respectively. Drowning rates in these pupae increased approximately exponentially with temperature. Diapausing and post-diapause pupae at 27°C had similar times to 50% drowning. An empirical model of drowning fitted the results well at all five temperatures, but a mechanistic model based on respiration predicted drowning considerably before it was observed. When the latter model was modified to allow withdrawal of dissolved oxygen from the water, it predicted longer survival periods, as observed. Our evidence suggests that respiration and drowning rates are closely correlated. Given the long survival times under complete submergence at 5–20°C, we speculate that pupae overwintering in the field in deep diapause are relatively resistant to drowning, whereas pre- and post-diapause pupae, with higher respiration rates, are at much greater risk.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Polymorphism in the neurofibromin gene, Nf1, is associated with antagonistic selection on wing size and development time in Drosophila melanogaster.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717990583.793476328 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Norman Johnson

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Development Time ◽

Wing Size ◽

Antagonistic Selection

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Does exposure of maleDrosophila melanogasterto acute gamma radiation influence egg to adult development time and longevity of F1-F3offspring?

Entomological Science ◽

10.1111/ens.12120 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 368-376 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P. Mohamed Shameer ◽

K. Sowmithra ◽

B. P. Harini ◽

R. C. Chaubey ◽

S. K. Jha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gamma Radiation ◽

Adult Development ◽

Development Time

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The molecular through ecological genetics of abnormal abdomen in Drosophila mercatorum. VI. The non-neutrality of the Y chromosome rDNA polymorphism.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/136.4.1373 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 136 (4) ◽

pp. 1373-1384

Author(s):

H Hollocher ◽

A R Templeton

Keyword(s):

Y Chromosome ◽

Adult Development ◽

Sexual Maturation ◽

Development Time ◽

Ecological Genetics ◽

Pleiotropic Effects ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Drosophila Mercatorum ◽

Rdna Polymorphism ◽

Male Expression

Abstract An association between quantitative variation of rDNA on the Y chromosome and male expression of the juvenilized, adult cuticle of the abnormal abdomen syndrome has been found for Drosophila mercatorum. Many pleiotropic effects of this syndrome have been described previously for females, but little was known about possible pleiotropic effects in males. The effects on males open up new avenues for the action of natural selection operating on the system. In females, the syndrome causes an increase in egg-to-adult development time, precocious sexual maturation, increased fecundity and decreased longevity. In addition to the cuticle phenotype, in males abnormal abdomen causes delayed sexual maturation, increased longevity, and decreased mating success, yet no change in egg-to-adult development time. Thus the syndrome has opposing fitness effects in the two sexes, which may help explain the genetic polymorphism observed in this system. Although investigated intensively, associations between naturally occurring Y-linked polymorphism and fitness phenotypes have not been found in Drosophila melanogaster.

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