scholarly journals A checklist of Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Mordovia, Russia and variation of wing shape in Bombylius species

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2147-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIYA ALEXANDROVNA CHURSINA ◽  
ALEXANDER BORISOVICH RUCHIN
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Variation Potential ◽  
Good Discriminator ◽  
First Time

Chursina MA, Ruchin AB. 2018. A checklist of Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Mordovia, Russia and variation of wing shape in Bombylius species. Biodiversitas 19: 2147-2156. A checklist of Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Republic of Mordovia (Russia) is provided, based on material collected from 2008 to 2017. One hundred ninety specimens from 75 localities were collected. Fourteen of the twenty species are listed as belonging to the fauna for the first time. Intraspecific variation and sexual dimorphism in the wing shape of three species of the genus Bombylius Linnaeus, 1758 were investigated using geometric morphometric techniques. The analysis revealed that wing shape is a good discriminator of the species. In addition, significant sexual dimorphism were found: females of two of the three species had larger wings than males. The sex shape differences consisted mainly of сhanges in the placement of the CuA and A1, while interspecific wing shape variation distributed in more dimensions. There was no evidence for allometric relationships relating to sexual dimorphism and interspecific variation. Potential adaptive significance of interspecific and intersex variation in wing size and shape is discussed.

The Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): species delimitation and evolutionary relationships based on wing geometric morphometrics

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1825 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASMINA LUDOŠKI ◽  
LJUBINKA FRANCUSKI ◽  
ANTE VUJIĆ ◽  
VESNA MILANKOV
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis

A landmark-based geometric morphometric approach was used to assess differences in the size and shape of wing among/within three species of the Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha. Wing size and shape variation was observed from 25, 176 and 41 specimens of C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha, respectively, collected from six localities on the Balkan Peninsula. Significant differences in wing size were obtained among the analysed species and canonical variate analysis showed that wing shape was sufficiently different to allow the correct classification of 73% individuals of C. canicularis, 80% of C. orthotricha and 94% of C. himantopus, and clear delimitation of the species pairs C. canicularis/C. orthotricha and C. himantopus/C. orthotricha. In all analysed species, the consistent sex dimorphism in wing shape was observed indicating that female specimens had shorter and broader wings than males. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on squared Mahalanobis distances revealed close accordance with previously published phylogenetic relationships of these species indicated by allozyme and DNA sequence data analysis. Our results suggested that wing parameters contain useful information in quantification phenotypic variation and identification of species in this challenging group for taxonomy and systematics.

scholarly journals Using the modern morphometric approach to determine sexual dimorphism of three medically important flies (Order: Diptera) in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
TANAWAT CHAIPHONGPACHARA ◽  
SEDTHAPONG LAOJUN
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Generalized Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract. Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S. 2019. Using the modern morphometric approach to determine sexual dimorphism of three medically important flies (Order: Diptera) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 1482-1486.  This study assessed landmark-based geometric morphometric (GM) approach to determine sexual dimorphism of three medically important flies in Thailand, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Musca domestica (Linnaeus) and Boettcherisca nathani (Lopes). In the wing size analysis, the centroid size (CS) was computed to estimate the wing size. During wing shape analysis, shape variables were analyzed from principal components of partial warp scores calculated after generalized procrustes analysis of coordinates. Non-parametric permutation-based tests (1000 cycles) were used (after Bonferroni correction) at p < 0.05 for statistical comparisons of sizes and shapes between males and females in each fly species. The results of this study, analysis of wing size for sexual dimorphism based on wing CS did not find statistical differences in flies of any type (p > 0.05). However, not the size, the shape of the wings is a common factor used in identification of sexual dimorphism. The wing shape in all species was different between male and female sexes. These results have shown that the GM approach was effective in identifying the sexual dimorphism of C. megacephala, M. domestica and B. nathani, which is one way to help with sex differentiation in cases of incomplete specimens that cannot be classified by morphological methods.

scholarly journals Intraspecific morphological variation of the scorpionfly Dicerapanorpa magna (Chou) (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) based on geometric morphometric analysis of wings

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Liu ◽  
Na Ma ◽  
Bao-Zhen Hua
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Intraspecific Morphological Variation

Wing shape variation was investigated between the sexes and among four populations of the scorpionfly Dicerapanorpa magna (Chou, 1981) endemic to the Qin-Ba Mountains area, China through the landmark-based geometric morphometric approach. The results show that sexual dimorphism exists both in wing size and shape in D. magna. Significant differences exist in female wing size and shape among D. magna populations. The possible reasons of the wing variation are discussed based on the divergence time of D. magna in combination with the tectonic and climatic events in the Qin-Ba Mountains during the late Miocene-Pleistocene period. Whether reproductive isolation exists between different populations needs further research.

scholarly journals ­Geometric morphometric analysis of snout shape in extant ruminants (Ungulata, Artiodactyla)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Tennant ◽  
Norman MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Functional Ecology ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Under Sampling ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
First Time

Snout shape is a prominent aspect of herbivore feeding ecology, controlling both forage selectivity and intake rate. Many previous investigations have suggested that ruminant feeding classes can be discriminated via snout shape, with grazing and browsing species attributed ‘blunt’ and ‘pointed’ snouts respectively, with an intermediate sub-grouping. This aspect of functional ecology is analysed for the first time using a statistically rigorous geometry-based framework to compare the two-dimensional profiles of the premaxilla in ventral aspect for a large sample of ruminant species. Our results suggest that, when a sample of browsing and grazing ruminants are classified ecologically based on a range of independent indicators of their feeding strategy, they cannot be fully discriminated on the basis of their premaxilla profile shape. Instead, our sample forms a shape variation continuum with overlap between groupings, but with a 78 percent chance of successful categorisation. Moreover, previously used terminology such as ‘pointed’ and ‘blunt’ are largely inadequate for delimiting snout shape varieties, insofar as these terms lack the descriptive power to define the morphological disparity demonstrated. These results suggest that previous attempts to use snout shape as a proxy for feeding style in ruminants may have been biased due to under-sampling of this highly diverse group and to lack of geometric rigour in the assessment of shape data. Alternatively, conflicting or inadequate evidence in defining ‘browsers’ and ‘grazers’ could have caused incorrect assignment to ecological groups, distorting our analyses. The relation between snout shape and body mass are also documented.

scholarly journals On two species of Riocypris (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from northern Patagonia and their relation to Eucypris fontana: implications in paleoenvironmental reconstructions

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 801-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Coviaga ◽  
A.P. Pérez ◽  
L.Y. Ramos ◽  
P. Alvear ◽  
G.C. Cusminsky
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Northern Patagonia ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

Two species of ostracods new to Patagonia, Argentina, are described. One of them, Riocypris whatleyi sp. nov., is described for the first time, and the second, Riocypris sarsi (Daday, 1902) comb. nov., is reallocated from genus Eucypris to genus Riocypris. Inter- and intra-specific variations in shape, size, and sexual dimorphism were evaluated based on geometric morphometric analysis. Moreover, morphological and morphometric comparative analyses were applied to re-examine living and quaternary specimens recovered from previous studies. Based on these results, a generic reassignment for the Patagonian Eucypris fontana (Jurine, 1820) into the genus Riocypris is proposed. Contributing to the knowledge on the systematic and autecology of this enigmatic species, widely distributed in Patagonia and frequently used in paleolimnological reconstructions, generates science-based evidence for their use as indicator species. Additionally, our results emphasize the usefulness of studying the living representatives (i.e., with valves and appendages) for elucidating the taxonomic status of the individual specimens, especially those present in paleontological records and used as bioproxies in paleolimnological studies.

A Geometric Morphometric Assessment of Hand Shape and Comparison to the 2D:4D Digit Ratio as a Marker of Sexual Dimorphism

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 590-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Sanfilippo ◽  
Alex W. Hewitt ◽  
Jenny A. Mountain ◽  
David A. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Hand Shape ◽  
Physical Traits ◽  
Biological Shape

Twin studies are extremely useful for investigating hypotheses of genetic influence on a range of behavioral and physical traits in humans. Studies of physical traits, however, are usually limited to size-related biological characteristics because it is inherently difficult to quantify the morphological counterpart – shape. In recent years, the development of geometry-preserving analytical techniques built upon multivariate statistical methodologies has produced a new discipline in biological shape analysis known as geometric morphometrics. In this study of hand shape analysis, we introduce the reader already familiar with the field of twin research to the potential utility of geometric morphometrics and demonstrate the cross-discipline applicability of methods. We also investigate and compare the efficacy of the 2D:4D ratio, a commonly used marker of sexual dimorphism, to the fully multivariate approach of shape analysis in discriminating between male and female sex. Studies of biological shape variation utilizing geometric morphometric techniques may be completed with software freely available on the Internet and time invested to master the small learning curve in concepts and theory.

Intraspecific variation in wing shape of Poecilobothrus regalis (Meigen, 1824) (Diptera, Dolichopodidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (16) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mariya A. Chursina ◽  
Oleg P. Negrobov
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Wind Flow ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Average Wind

A study of 186 specimens of Poecilobothrus regalis was conducted in order to examine intraspecific variability of wing shape. The wing shape variation was analyzed using geometric morphometrics analyses. Significant differences in the structure of wing were found both between sexes and between populations. Differences between sexes were observed in the structure of the medium portion of wing. The first extracted canonical variate of geographic variation showed a moderately linear association with latitude and average temperature of February and March. The second canonical variate was correlated with longitude and values of average wind flow velocity. Allometric relationships were weak both between populations and sexes.

scholarly journals Wing shape, wing size, and sexual dimorphism in eye-span in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAL RIBAK ◽  
MARIE L. PITTS ◽  
GERALD S. WILKINSON ◽  
JOHN G. SWALLOW
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Wing Size

scholarly journals Intraspecific Morphological Variation in Two Common Marine Fish Species from South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Mattson ◽  
Mark C. Belk
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Feeding Niche ◽  
Intraspecific Morphological Variation

Intraspecific morphological variation in fish is typically associated with sexual dimorphism, or one of three common environmental gradients: variation in intensity of predation, variation in water velocity, or variation in feeding niche. The preponderance of examples of environment-associated morphological variation within fish species has been documented in freshwater systems. It is not clear whether environment-associated intraspecific morphological variation is less common in marine fishes or whether there has just been a lack of investigation. We used geometric morphometric analysis to quantify shape variation in two species of South African marine fish commonly harvested for human consumption, Pterogymnus laniarius (panga), and Argyrosomus inodorus (silver kob). Neither species exhibited significant sexual dimorphism, but both species exhibited significant intraspecific morphological variation. This variation appears consistent with patterns expected from variation along the benthic-pelagic feeding niche continuum.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism of the mandibular conformational changes in aging human adults: A multislice computed tomographic study by geometric morphometrics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253564
Author(s):  
Leonor Costa Mendes ◽  
Julien Delrieu ◽  
Claudia Gillet ◽  
Norbert Telmon ◽  
Delphine Maret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Shape Changes

The aging process has an impact on mandibular bone morphology and can therefore affect shape sexual dimorphism. Understanding the effect of senescence on mandibular shape changes is particularly important to correctly estimate the sex of an individual and predict age-related conformational modifications. The purpose of this study was to assess age-related changes in mandibular shape and sexual dimorphism. The study sample comprised 160 Multi Slice Computed Tomography examinations of individuals aged 40 to 79 years. Geometric morphometric analysis of fourteen osteometric landmarks was used to examine sexual dimorphism and patterns of mandibular shape variation with age. Results showed that mandibular sexual dimorphism of shape remained significant with aging. Conformational changes occurred between 50 and 70 years and were different for male and female individuals. Females presented earlier and more marked age-related shape changes than males. These observations suggest that mandibular senescence is a sexually dimorphic process since its onset, rate, and the areas subjected to conformational changes differ from male to female individuals. Senescence-related changes present substantial variability, and further investigation is required to determine precisely the age that marks their onset.

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