Escapement, harvest, and unknown loss of radio-tagged adult salmonids in the Columbia River – Snake River hydrosystem

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L Keefer ◽  
Christopher A Peery ◽  
William R Daigle ◽  
Michael A Jepson ◽  
Steven R Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Columbia River Basin ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Reward Program ◽  
Quantitative Assessments ◽  
Spawning Sites

Accurate estimates of escapement by adult anadromous salmonids are difficult, especially in large, multistock river systems. We used radiotelemetry and a fishery reward program to calculate escapement, harvest, and unaccounted for loss rates for 10 498 adult chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and 5324 steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during six return years in the Columbia River basin. Mean annual escapements to spawning sites, hatcheries, or the upper bounds of the monitored hydrosystem were 73.4% (spring–summer chinook salmon), 61.3% (fall chinook salmon), and 62.6% (steelhead). Mean reported harvest rates were 8.7% (spring–summer chinook), 22.0% (fall chinook), and 15.1% (steelhead) within the mainstem hydrosystem and 5.9%, 3.4%, and 5.7%, respectively, in lower hydrosystem tributaries. On average, 12%–17% of each run had unknown fates in the mainstem hydrosystem. Escapement, harvest, and loss varied significantly between runs and years, within runs between known-origin subbasin stocks, and between interdam river reaches. Multiyear quantitative assessments like this can reduce uncertainty, clarify inter- and intra-annual variability, and help managers better evaluate fisheries, identify conservation priorities, and help protect evolutionarily significant populations.

Influence of pinniped-caused injuries on the survival of adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Columbia River basin

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1615-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Naughton ◽  
Matthew L. Keefer ◽  
Tami S. Clabough ◽  
Michael A. Jepson ◽  
Steven R. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Columbia River Basin ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Density Dependent

Increasing pinniped abundance in the Pacific Northwest has coincided with population declines of Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus  spp.) and steelhead trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), and concentrated predation may affect the recovery of some threatened and endangered salmonid stocks. We used radiotelemetry to evaluate pinniped-caused injury effects on migration survival of 17 007 adult Columbia River Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) and steelhead trout. Injuries from pinnipeds were common (mean injury rate across 29 run-years = 36.5%) and were most common for spring Chinook salmon and steelhead trout. Injury was not consistently associated with adult survival to spawning tributaries, but some negative survival effects were detected. Pinniped-caused injury rates decreased as annual run sizes increased, indicating density-dependent or saturation effects. Within a run, large fish generally had a higher injury incidence than small fish, suggesting pinnipeds targeted large fish or more efficiently captured small fish. Seasonal, size-dependent, and density-dependent results imply that pinniped effects likely differ widely among salmonid populations within the Columbia River basin. A better understanding of these effects is needed to guide management and conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Increased mitochondrial DNA diversity in ancient Columbia River basin Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0190059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobbi M. Johnson ◽  
Brian M. Kemp ◽  
Gary H. Thorgaard
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Columbia River Basin ◽  
Dna Diversity

scholarly journals Virulence and Infectivity of UC, MD, and L Strains of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) in Four Populations of Columbia River Basin Chinook Salmon

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Hernandez ◽  
William Brown ◽  
Kerry A. Naish ◽  
Gael Kurath
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Columbia River Basin ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis

Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) infects juvenile salmonid fish in conservation hatcheries and aquaculture facilities, and in some cases, causes lethal disease. This study assesses intra-specific variation in the IHNV susceptibility of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Columbia River Basin (CRB), in the northwestern United States. The virulence and infectivity of IHNV strains from three divergent virus genogroups are measured in four Chinook salmon populations, including spring-run and fall-run fish from the lower or upper regions of the CRB. Following controlled laboratory exposures, our results show that the positive control L strain had significantly higher virulence, and the UC and MD strains that predominate in the CRB had equivalently low virulence, consistent with field observations. By several experimental measures, there was little variation in host susceptibility to infection or disease. However, a small number of exceptions suggested that the lower CRB spring-run Chinook salmon population may be less susceptible than other populations tested. The UC and MD viruses did not differ in infectivity, indicating that the observed asymmetric field prevalence in which IHNV detected in CRB Chinook salmon is 83% UC and 17% MD is not due to the UC virus being more infectious. Overall, we report little intra-species variation in CRB Chinook salmon susceptibility to UC or MD IHNV infection or disease, and suggest that other factors may instead influence the ecology of IHNV in the CRB.

Susceptibility of Salmonid Species and Hatchery Strains of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to Infections by Ceratomyxa shasta

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 933-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Zinn ◽  
K. A. Johnson ◽  
J. E. Sanders ◽  
J. L. Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Columbia River Basin ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Salmonid Species ◽  
Low Prevalence

Nine salmonid species and nine hatchery strains of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were examined for susceptibility to infection by Ceratomyxa shasta. All salmonid species tested were susceptible to infection by this myxosporidan, although no deaths occurred in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The level of resistance varied widely among the different species. A low prevalence of ceratomyxosis occurred in hatchery strains of chinook salmon from the Columbia River basin, while those chinook strains derived from outside this drainage system were highly susceptible to the parasite. Key words: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, salmonidae, ceratomyxosis, Ceratomyxa shasta, resistance, susceptibility

The influence of the Columbia River plume on the survival of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): a numerical exploration

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1671-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Burla ◽  
António M. Baptista ◽  
Edmundo Casillas ◽  
John G.  Williams ◽  
Douglas M.  Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
River Plume ◽  
Columbia River Estuary ◽  
Columbia River Plume

Are smolt-to-adult return rates (SARs) for wild steelhead (i.e., sea-run rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss ) and wild Snake River spring–summer Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) related to changes in the Columbia River plume at the time that juvenile migrants enter the ocean? We used three-dimensional (3D) numerical models of the baroclinic circulation in the Columbia River estuary–plume–shelf system to simulate within-season variation in plume size and location, comparing the results with SARs for each day that juvenile salmon entered the ocean for 1999–2003. We found that steelhead benefited from the plume environment at a narrow window of time around their ocean entry. However, when large-scale ocean conditions turned unfavorable, the contribution of local plume conditions to the overall variability in steelhead survival became not significant. A similar evaluation revealed that the plume did not affect survival of Chinook salmon, at least at the fine scale of variability considered. The differential response between the two species is consistent with observed and previously reported behavioral characteristics they exhibit. We speculate that steelhead mainly use the plume to move quickly away from coastal habitats and the predation pressures associated with this environment, for a more direct migration than Chinook salmon to ocean habitats in the Gulf of Alaska.

Route selection in a large river during the homing migration of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1752-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L Keefer ◽  
Christopher C Caudill ◽  
Christopher A Peery ◽  
Theodore C Bjornn
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Large River ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Efficient Route

Upstream-migrating adult salmon must make a series of correct navigation and route-selection decisions to successfully locate natal streams. In this field study, we examined factors influencing migration route selections early in the migration of 4361 radio-tagged adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) as they moved upstream past dams in the large (~1 km wide) Columbia River. Substantial behavioral differences were observed among 11 conspecific populations, despite largely concurrent migrations. At dams, Chinook salmon generally preferred ladder passage routes adjacent to the shoreline where their natal tributaries entered, and the degree of preference increased as salmon proximity to natal tributaries increased. Columbia River discharge also influenced route choices, explaining some route selection variability. We suggest that salmon detect lateral gradients in orientation cues across the Columbia River channel that are entrained within tributary plumes and that these gradients in cues can persist downstream for tens to hundreds of kilometres. Detection of tributary plumes in large river systems, using olfactory or other navigation cues, may facilitate efficient route selection and optimize energy conservation by long-distance migrants.

Assessing covariability among populations in the presence of intraseries correlation: Columbia River spring-summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) stocks

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis W Botsford ◽  
Charles M Paulsen
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Different Types ◽  
John Day River ◽  
One Year ◽  
John Day

We assessed covariability among a number of spawning populations of spring-summer run chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Columbia River basin by computing correlations among several different types of spawner and recruit data. We accounted for intraseries correlation explicitly in judging the significance of correlations. To reduce the errors involved in computing effective degrees of freedom, we computed a generic effective degrees of freedom for each data type. In spite of the fact that several of these stocks have declined, covariability among locations using several different combinations of spawner and recruitment data indicated no basinwide covariability. There was, however, significant covariability among index populations within the three main subbasins: the Snake River, the mid-Columbia River, and the John Day River. This covariability was much stronger and more consistent in data types reflecting survival (e.g., the natural logarithm of recruits per spawner) than in data reflecting abundance (e.g., spawning escapement). We also tested a measure of survival that did not require knowing the age structure of spawners, the ratio of spawners in one year to spawners 4 years earlier. It displayed a similar spatial pattern.

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