Oceanographic connectivity among marine protected areas on the north coast of British Columbia, Canada

The main objective of our study was to use a three-dimensional oceanographic simulation model to understand connectivity among the proposed Gwaii Haanas National Marine Conservation Area (GHNMCA) and 10 other proposed or existing marine protected areas (MPAs) on the north Pacific coast of Canada. The simulations were conducted using passive particles placed at three depths and vertically migrating particles for 30 or 90 days in late winter. Simulated surface particle dispersion was found to be consistent with winter ocean current observations made from analysis of satellite imagery, current mooring, and drifter data. The GHNMCA would contribute to a network of MPAs because it supplies and receives particles from other MPAs in northern British Columbia. Model simulations also indicate that the greatest source of particles to GHNMCA originate from 30-m and not 2-m flows. Finally, the simulated mean daily dispersal rate of 2.0 km·day1 would allow fish and invertebrates to self-seed northern portions of the GHNMCA in winter. Together, the GHNMCA and other MPAs appear to contribute a large percentage of particles to non-MPA regions in northern Hecate Strait, which may be considered a particle sink in winter.

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Fisherman Livelihood Effects on Marine Conservation Area towards Sustainable Development

The Indonesian Journal of Planning and Development ◽

10.14710/ijpd.3.1.44-55 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Tiara Sartika Worowirasmi ◽

Artiningsih Artiningsih

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Marine Protected Areas ◽

Marine Conservation ◽

Coastal Resources ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Central Java ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Organization Membership ◽

Significant Support ◽

Central Java Province

Excessive utilization of coastal resources is threatening the livelihood of coastal dependent people. The current challenge is how to maintain and use coastal resources sustainably without reducing their potential benefits in the future. In response to coastal sustainability issues, many countries have implemented a policy to support marine protected areas. Until 2008, approximately 3.2 million hectares of marine protected areas conserved in Indonesia. One of them located in Ujungnegoro-Roban, Batang Regency of Central Java Province, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze fisherman livelihoods in Ujungnegoro-Roban, which may affect the fishermen’s conservation choices. This study employs questionnaire survey as the main data collection source, which was distributed to 60 fishermen randomly. The findings indicated some fisherman livelihood factors which have significant support for conservation activities, i.e. age, experience, income level and fisherman organization membership.

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Illegal rattan extraction trends in the Ankasa Conservation Area in Ghana

Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management ◽

10.26796/jenrm.v2i3.49 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 84-92

Author(s):

R. Obour, D. Amankwaa, A. Asare

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Forest Products ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Techniques ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Forest Reserve ◽

The North ◽

Non Timber Forest Products

Protected Areas (PAs) are created for the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, but many of Ghana’s PAs are subjectto severe pressures and threats, the main pressures being the illegal extraction of natural resources. Rattans are indisputablyone of the most important Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Ghana’s Protected Areas that is without doubt one of thereasons for which it has drawn the attention of researchers. In this study the illegal rattan extraction patterns in the AnkasaConservation Area (ACA) in Ghana was inspected. Simple random sampling and Snowball sampling techniques were used. Datacollection employed the use of semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and field enumeration of rattans as well as an analysisof Effective Patrol Man-days (EPMDS) from 2004 to 2012. The results showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.75, p<0.05, r2 = 0.557) between patrol effort and rattan extraction encounters. In addition, there was a general reduction in illegalrattan extraction encounters from 2004 to 2012 at a rate of 4.3 per year. The highest illegal rattan extraction incidences wererecorded in 2006 (76 encounters), 2005 (35 encounters), 2008 (22 encounters), 2004 (18 encounters) and the least incidencewere recorded in both 2010 (3 encounters) and 2011 (3 encounters).The research also revealed that Eremospatha macrocarpawas the most extracted rattan species followed by Laccosperma secundiflorum. The major rattan extraction and trade routesoriginate in the northern parts and in the area east of the reserve and also south of Draw River Forest Reserve. Generally, rattanpoaching in Ankasa Conservation Area has declined, but there are still human incursions in the northern part of the reserve. Thestudy recommended an intensification of patrols in the north of the reserve. Also, enrichment planting and Agroforestry practicesof inter-cropping rattans with seasonal crops should be pursued vigorously for the local communities.

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The contribution of very large marine protected areas to marine conservation: Giant leaps or smoke and mirrors?

Marine Pollution Bulletin ◽

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.067 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 87 (1-2) ◽

pp. 7-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Rebecca L. Singleton ◽

Callum M. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Marine Protected Areas ◽

Marine Conservation

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Evidence for Freshwater Residualism in Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, From a Watershed on the North Coast of British Columbia

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v130i4.1928 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 130 (4) ◽

pp. 336 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eric A Parkinson ◽

Chris J Perrin ◽

Daniel Ramos-Espinoza ◽

Eric B Taylor

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Coho Salmon ◽

Pacific Salmon ◽

Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽

Water Levels ◽

North Coast ◽

The North ◽

Seaward Migration ◽

Mature Fish

The Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, is one of seven species of Pacific salmon and trout native to northeastern Pacific Ocean watersheds. The species is typically anadromous; adults reproduce in fresh water where juveniles reside for 1–2 years before seaward migration after which the majority of growth occurs in the ocean before maturation at 2–4 years old when adults return to fresh water to spawn. Here, we report maturation of Coho Salmon in two freshwater lakes on the north coast of British Columbia apparently without their being to sea. A total of 15 mature fish (11 males and four females) were collected in two lakes across two years. The mature fish were all at least 29 cm in total length and ranged in age from three to five years old. The occurrence of Coho Salmon that have matured in fresh water without first going to sea is exceedingly rare in their natural range, especially for females. Such mature Coho Salmon may represent residual and distinct breeding populations from those in adjacent streams. Alternatively, they may result from the ephemeral restriction in the opportunity to migrate seaward owing to low water levels in the spring when Coho Salmon typically migrate to sea after 1–2 years in fresh water. Regardless of their origin, the ability to mature in fresh water without seaward migration may represent important adaptive life history plasticity in response to variable environments.

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Climate change effects on marine protected areas: Projected decline of benthic species in the North Sea

Marine Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 163 ◽

pp. 105230

Author(s):

Michael Weinert ◽

Moritz Mathis ◽

Ingrid Kröncke ◽

Thomas Pohlmann ◽

Henning Reiss

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Protected Areas ◽

North Sea ◽

Marine Protected Areas ◽

Benthic Species ◽

Climate Change Effects ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea

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Lack of recreational fishing compliance may compromise effectiveness of Rockfish Conservation Areas in British Columbia

10.31230/osf.io/cg6k9 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Dana Haggarty ◽

Steve J.D. Martell ◽

Jonathan B. Shurin

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Marine Protected Areas ◽

Fishing Effort ◽

Area Ratio ◽

Recreational Fishing ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Fish Stocks ◽

Ecological Recovery ◽

Recovery Education

Compliance with spatial fishing regulations (e.g., marine protected areas, fishing closures) is one of the most important, yet rarely measured, determinants of ecological recovery. We used aerial observations of recreational fishing events from creel surveys before, during, and after 77 Rockfish Conservation Areas (RCAs) were established in British Columbia, Canada. There was no evidence of a change in fishing effort in 83% of the RCAs, and effort in five RCAs increased after establishment. Fishing effort in open areas adjacent to the RCAs declined with time and was higher than effort in the RCAs in all 3 years. Next, we used compliance data for 105 RCAs around Vancouver Island to model the drivers of compliance. Compliance was related to the level of fishing effort around the RCA, the size and perimeter-to-area ratio of RCAs, proximity to fishing lodges, and the level of enforcement. Noncompliance in RCAs may be hampering their effectiveness and impeding rockfish recovery. Education and enforcement efforts to reduce fishing effort inside protected areas are critical to the recovery of depleted fish stocks.

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