Protection of the rights of indigenous people in the archipelagic province in planning on management of coastal areas and small islands post of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning job creation

The inconsistency of the state’s commitment to the protection of the archipelago’s indigenous people in the management of coastal areas and small islands has become more apparent since the passage of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. This research is normative legal research that analyzes the synchronization of legislation relating to the management of coastal resources and small islands that are responsive to the protection of indigenous people. The results show that (1) Recognition of indigenous people according to the Job Creation Law is placed on government legal politics in accordance with the provisions of the applicable legislation, showing the incompleteness of norms, which has implications for the weak position of indigenous people in managing coastal resources without recognition/determination as legal subjects. (2) Indigenous people who have received recognition/determination from the local government have the privilege of including the management area as part of the RZ WP3K and managing coastal resources and small islands in accordance with customary law, as long as it does not conflict with the applicable laws. As a result, the research’s recommendations are as follows: (1) Policy advocacy, encouraging acceleration of the legislative process for the Draft Law on Indigenous People and the Draft Law on Archipelagic Regions; and (2) Empowerment, support for capacity building of indigenous people to be critical and innovative in sustainable coastal and small island management through community development.

UTILIZING POTENTIAL OF COASTAL RESOURCES FOR THE WELFARE OF FISHERMEN IN THE WEST COAST REGION OF BULELENG REGENCY

This research was conducted in the West coast of Buleleng Regency with the aim of describing the potential of coastal resources for the welfare of fishing communities. The method used in this research is a survey supported by the observation method. Sampling with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the West coast resources in Buleleng Regency were in the form of biological resources, namely fishery potential and coral reefs. The potential of these coastal resources can be utilized to improve the welfare of the community through fish farming, coral reef conservation, training to improve tourism services, and providing fish auction sites. The role of other stakeholders such as academics, businessmen, Keywords: coastal resource potential, fishermen's welfare, coastal areas

Social Adapter Model: Development of Coastal Resources Potential Through Empowerment of Coastal Communities in Watu Pecak Beach Lumajang District

Coastal areas and their natural resources have an important meaning for the economic development of the Indonesian people. This is reflected in the East Java region, which is one of the provinces rich in natural resources, both in the form of minerals and fishery products. For example in the area of Watu Coast Pecak there is potential for natural resources such as Pasir Pantai which has good quality sand for house building and this is an attraction for itself to develop. The purpose of this study was to identify the implementation of the management of Watu Pecak Beach in developing coastal resource potential at Watu Pecak Beach, identifying the role of stakeholders in the management of Watu Pecak Beach, analyzing the activities of the WatuPecak Coast community in utilizing coastal resources available at Watu Pecak Beach, and designed a Social Adapter Model for the development of coastal resource potential in Watu Pecak Beach. The data analysis used in this study used a qualitative descriptive method. The results showed that the implementation of the management of Watu Pecak Beach was still not optimal. The role of stakeholders in implementing Watu Pecak Beach is still not fully active because it is still constrained by administrative permits. The activities of the coastal communities of Watu Pantai Pecak have a variety of activities. The design of this ring circumference social adapter model is used as a frame to strengthen the institutions of coastal communities in Watu Pecak Beach.

Gender Relationship Analysis in Coastal Resources Management in Fishermen's Households: Functional Structural Theory Perspective

The results showed that gender relations in the management of coastal resources in fishing households took place in the following activities: fishing; making fishing lines; netting; net embroidery; fish transportation; fish preservation; and sale of fish. Of the seven activities, the wife plays a role in almost all coastal resource management activities, except for fishing activities. In addition, the wife does all domestic roles while the husband only focuses on the public role and does not involve himself in the domestic role. In view of the structural-functional theory, the results of this study illustrate that gender relations in coastal resource management in fishing households indicate a power relationship and status differences between men and women. The involvement of the wife (woman) in almost all activities is a form of integration (integration) carried out by the wife (woman) to maintain the continuity of the household and maintain the balance of the family integrity system, although this role is not balanced but complementary. The results of this study also show that gender relations in the management of coastal resources in fishermen's households have ideologically “perpetuated” male domination and gender stratification in fishermen's family institutions and society in general.

The Circular Economy: A Study on the Use of Airbnb for Sustainable Coastal Development in the Vietnam Mekong Delta

The concept of the circular economy has become well known for its solution-oriented approach to transforming available resources into a closed-loop resource system. However, in the context of coastal areas, coastal resources seem to be ignored in the tourism production and consumption process. In relation to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this article discusses how sharing economy practices may sustain coastal resources through ecotourism, applying a sharing-economy theory that emphasizes changes in the new form—a circular economy—rather than a single traditional Airbnb model or ecotourism model. This study proposes a coastal sustainable development structure model based on the integration between the sharing economy and ecotourism with three modes—positive economic effects, positive economic pressures, and sustainable coastal development—and uses coastal residents’ expectations of their living conditions as moderating factors to investigate the impact of the circular economy on coastal sustainability. We developed a survey-based model that included 303 samples from the indigenous residents of 13 provinces throughout the Vietnam Mekong Delta. The results show that the integration of ecotourism with the Airbnb model has a positive effect on residents’ living conditions, supporting sustainable local development. However, the advancement of technology and residents’ awareness involves barriers to coastal development because the process of modernization is still limited in coastal areas. More specifically, in the case of the Vietnam Mekong Delta, our results suggest that limited technical knowledge and language ability stand as barriers to coastal businesses, showing that the lack of inter-regional connectivity limits the magnitude of local tourism in coastal areas. These findings are useful for assessing residents’ living conditions so that coastal development can work towards poverty reduction. Finally, the establishment and expansion of policies by local authorities can be an indispensable part of coastal economic development by limiting the negative effects of the abuse of natural resources and facilitating family businesses in coastal zones in an effort towards the integration of economic development and social and environmental responsibility.

Local wisdom regarding coastal resource management among a fishermen community in Youtefa Bay, Papua.

One model of ownership of access and the management of coastal and marine resources is a communal property widely applied to indigenous peoples who have ”hak ulayat” (customary rights) over coastal and marine areas. This article aims to analyze and deeply describe the traditional knowledge systems and coastal resource management of the Tobati-Enggros coastal fishermen. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using an ethnographic approach. The data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews and field observations. The data analysis is interpretive descriptive. The results showed the traditional maritime knowledge system in Tobati-Enggros fishers includes the nature of the marine coast, fishing gears, types of fishing, and fishing season. Management of Coastal Resources is also regulated in the Customary Authority under the leadership of ”Keondoafian” (tribal chief) by implementing Manjo in managing coastal resources. This shows that the existence of Manjo customary law and subsistence utilization patterns, based on traditional knowledge systems, the Tobati-Enggros fishing community has local wisdom values closely connected with the aim of marine conservation.

Climate change vulnerability assessment of the coastal resources in Moalboal, Cebu, Central Philippines

The municipality of Moalboal (Cebu, Central Philippines) falls under Cluster XI (coastal and marine areas of the south Sulu Sea are most prone to sea level rise) in the climate-ocean hazard typology. Coastal activities, such as aquaculture, fishing, recreation, and tourism are integral to Moalboal’s economy. Its economy is partly dependent on coastal resources and could be vulnerable to sea level rise. Hence, there is a need to determine the vulnerability profile of the municipality, through indicator-based vulnerability assessment. Results using vulnerability assessment tools coupled with GIS-based workflows showed that the overall vulnerability to climate change of mangroves was moderate and low for both seagrasses and corals. A better understanding of how human activities may directly and indirectly affect coastal resources is urgently needed. Integrated coastal zone management provides a major opportunity to address the many issues and challenges of climate change in an effort to design and develop adaptation strategies.

Sustainable marine conservation, baselines, and systematic monitoring—a few lessons from coastal resource management in the Philippines

This review shares lessons learned from the establishment of early marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Philippines about the need to establish baseline information, do systematic monitoring of the status of the marine environment, and to progress towards more integrated forms of management that involve key stakeholders in coastal areas. The tendency for human society to change its perception of what is “normal” through the phenomena of “shifting baselines” is pointed to as a reason why more concerted action is not taken to stop the downward trends of Philippine coastal resources and environment. The small MPAs of Apo, Sumilon and Olango Islands as well as the large Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, are cited as examples of how the establishment of baselines and the implementation of effective monitoring over time for both biophysical and governance parameters, has been instrumental in maintaining and improving the quality of the marine environment and bringing benefits to people. The development of integrated coastal management and coastal resource management programs within local government units is explained as a way of harnessing local institutions to lead the way towards improved management and stewardship of coastal resources and provide tangible benefits to coastal communities. And, the role of national government is highlighted as a facilitator and a source of technical support to local governments in the implementation of marine conservation and coastal resources management. Finally, the significant influence of Dr. Angel Alcala in marine conservation in the Philippines is noted through his research and related conservation efforts for small-island and fisheries management and his mode of sharing results with local communities and governments so that they could learn from their own mistakes and successes and become better stewards of their resources. KEYWORDS: Apo, community, coral reefs, Sumilon, tourism, Tubbataha