Physical Characteristics and Behaviour of Pink Salmon Fry at McClinton Creek, B.C.

1944 ◽  
Vol 6c (3) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Small Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Effect Of Light

High temperatures appear to shorten and low temperatures lengthen the incubation period of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) eggs. The fry migrate to sea during spring when the yolk sac is almost completely absorbed. There is no significant difference from year to year in qualitative description or in certain countable physical characters. Migration is usually swift and vigorous. The effect of light is demonstrated by the fact that movement is limited to the hours of darkness and slowed by direct moonlight. Rainfall does not initiate migration but causes fry already in motion to proceed more quickly. Small temperature variations have little effect. Oxygen content and pH of the water vary coincidentally with rainfall.

Orientation of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) During Early Marine Migration from Bella Coola River System

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2321-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Healey
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
River System ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Marine Migration ◽  
Bella Coola

During May and June 1966, the migration of pink salmon fry from the Bella Coola River was studied in Burke Channel, British Columbia. The movement of pink fry down Burke Channel was saltatory. Short periods of active migration were interspersed with longer periods when the fry did not migrate and accumulated in bays. Fry were sampled from these accumulations and their ability to orient using celestial cues was examined. During the early morning, fry tended to prefer directions at right angles to their direction of migration, but at other times of the day preferred the direction of migration. The preference for the direction of migration was strongest at midday. Fry were better oriented on clear days than on cloudy days. These data indicate that fry may use celestial cues to find directions during their oceanic migrations.

Daily Patterns of Feeding Behavior, Daily Rations, and Diets of Juvenile Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in Two Marine Bays of British Columbia

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Guy J. Godin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepods ◽  
Additional Support

Stomach analyses showed that pink salmon fry fed mainly during daylight hours in the littoral zone of Departure Bay and Hammond Bay, British Columbia, in May. Although the diurnal feeding patterns of the fish differed slightly between the two bays, maximum mean prey biomass in the fishes' stomachs occurred near or at dusk in both bays. Daily rations consumed by Departure Bay and Hammond Bay fish were estimated to be 13.1 and 6.6% of their dry body weight, respectively. The fry consumed similar prey items in both bays, but in differing proportions. Harpacticoid copepods, copepod nauplii, and barnacle larvae comprised numerically 93.1 and 86.2% of the diets of Departure Bay and Hammond Bay fish, respectively. About 38% of the diet of Departure Bay fish and 51% of the diet of Hammond Bay fish comprised epibenthic prey, mainly harpacticoid copepods. The data provide additional support for the importance of the detritus-microbe-consumer type food chain supporting the production of pink salmon during their early period of marine residency.Key words: pink salmon, feeding behavior, daily rhythm, diet, ration, British Columbia

A Hatchery Release Tank for Pink Salmon Fry With Notes on Behavior of the Fry in the Tank and After Release

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Coburn ◽  
P. McCart
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmon Fry

A hatchery release tank was designed which permitted the voluntary release of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) fry. Fry release was stimulated by rising temperatures and increasing turbidity. Because even relatively immature fry left the tank under these conditions, fry were released only between 0800 and 1000 hr, when both temperature and turbidity were low. After entering the stream, hatchery-produced fry appeared to behave normally. They buried themselves during daytime and, within a few days, moved downstream during the night.

Short-term Rearing of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Fry: Effect on Survival and Biomass of Returning Adults

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy M. Martin ◽  
William R. Heard ◽  
Alex C. Wertheimer
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Marine Diatoms ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Marine Survival

Survival of pink salmon (Onchorynchus gorbuscha) fry could theoretically be improved if they were reared to a larger size before being released into the estuary. Three lots of 1975-brood pink salmon fry, reared from eggs in a hatchery, were cultured in floating estuarine raceways for 30, 60, and 90 d before being released into the Little Port Walter estuary on Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska. An unfed control lot was released after emergence. Four groups of 15 000 fry each were differentially fin marked. Total marine survival for the four lots was computed from recoveries of marked adults in the Little Port Walter vicinity in 1977. Survival from release to return was lowest for the control lot (3.1%); increased for fry reared for 30 and 60 d (4.6 and 5.2%, respectively); and decreased for fry cultured for 90 d (4.3%). Mortalities in lots cultured for 60 and 90 d significantly reduced the numbers of fry released in these groups. Mortalities were associated with the marine diatoms Chaetoceros spp. Mean length and weight of returning adults declined with increased fry-rearing time. Compared with the control lot, adults from fry cultured for 30 d had 39% more biomass; adults from fry cultured for 60 d had the same biomass; and adults from fry cultured for 90 d had 45% less biomass. Culturing fry for 30 d in the raceways significantly increased the number and biomass of returning adults.Key words: short-term rearing, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, floating estuarine raceways, marine survival, biomass

Homing Tendency and Age at Maturity of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in British Columbia

1939 ◽  
Vol 4b (4) ◽  
pp. 233-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Transplantation Experiments

Pink salmon fry were marked by the removal of certain fins to ensure later identification as adults. This procedure does not affect the growth or the feeding reactions of the fish. Three experiments were conducted on natural runs at McClinton creek, Masset inlet, B.C. On the basis of the most significant one of these it is concluded that the majority of the fish return to spawn in the stream in which they were hatched. Isolated individuals, in numbers not economically significant, may wander to a distance of 400 miles (645 kilometres). In the case of fry resulting from transplantation experiments from Tlell river, east coast of Graham island, to McClinton creek, there appears no consistent behaviour in regard to "homing". For fry, hatchery-raised and pond-reared, from Vedder river, Swelter creek eggs, no return to the parent stream was reported. All pink salmon mature in the autumn of their second year. Certain incidental checks in growth have been discovered on scales which should not be interpreted as representing a winter.

Gravel Incubators: a Second Evaluation on Pink Salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Including Adult Returns

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1379-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Bams
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Salmon Fry

A hatchery method designed for mass production of unfed Pacific salmon fry and utilizing a gravel medium during most of the incubation period is being evaluated on successive cycles of a stock of pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, of the Tsolum River, B.C. Possible treatment effects are studied at emergent fry and returning adult stages in artificially and naturally propagated populations. Average growth rate and, hence, efficiency of yolk conversion were unimpeded in the hatchery environment, but fry emerged 11 days prematurely. Survival from green egg to emergent fry averaged 74.9% in the hatchery and 20.6% in the creek, for a gain ratio at emergence of 3.63. Recovery of selectively marked populations of hatchery and creek fish demonstrated almost identical survival rates from fry to adult stages and a final gain ratio of 3.46. Adult lengths and weights, fecundity, and timing of migrations were unaffected generally by the hatchery treatment.

scholarly journals Lethal and Sublethal Effects in Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha) following Exposure to Five Aquaculture Chemotherapeutants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charanveer Sahota ◽  
Kassia Hyek ◽  
Brady Surbey ◽  
Chris Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmon Fry

Abstract Early life stages of Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) are at risk of exposure to the active ingredients of chemotherapeutant formulations (hydrogen peroxide [HP], azamethiphos [AZ], emamectin benzoate [EB], cypermethrin [CP] and deltamethrin [DM]) used to control sea lice in salmon aquaculture. LC50 values (95% confidence intervals) for acute 48-h water exposures in order of least to most toxic to seawater-adapted pink salmon fry were: HP (227 [138–418] mg/L), EB (1090 [676–2006] µg/L), AZ (80 [52–161] µg/L), CP (5.1 [3.0-10.5] µg/L), and DM (980 [640–1800] ng/L). In subchronic 10-d lethality sediment exposure tests, LC50 values (95% confidence intervals) in order of least to most toxic were: EB (2065 [1384–3720] µg/kg), CP (97 [58–190] µg/kg), and DM (1035 [640–2000] ng/kg). Alterations in behaviour varied between chemicals; no chemical attracted pink salmon fry; fish avoided HP to a limited extent at 50 mg/L), as well as EB (300 µg/L), and AZ (50 µg/L). Significant concentration-dependent decreases in olfactory responsiveness to food extract were seen following AZ, CP and DM exposures that occurred at lower concentrations with longer exposure periods (10 µg/L, 0.5 µg/L and 100 ng/L thresholds at 168 h). Following 10-d sediment exposures, olfaction was only affected by CP exposure at 50 µg/kg. Significant decreases in swimming performance (Ucrit) occured for HP, AZ, CP and DM at concentrations as low as 100 mg/L, 10 µg/L, 2 µg/L and 200 ng/L, respectively. This study provides comprehensive data on the lethal and sublethal effects of aquaculture chemotherapeutant exposure in early life stage pink salmon.

Acute Toxicities of Spruce and Hemlock Bark Extracts to some Estuarine Organisms in Southeastern Alaska

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1188-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
David V. Buchanan ◽  
Paul S. Tate ◽  
John R. Moring
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Dungeness Crab ◽  
Pink Shrimp ◽  
Cancer Magister ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Median Effective Concentration

Sitka spruce bark extracts were found to be toxic to adult and larval pink shrimp (Pandalus borealis) and larval Dungeness crab (Cancer magister). Sitka spruce and western hemlock bark extracts were found to be toxic to pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) fry. For salmon fry, toxic effects were observed as soon as 3 h after exposure to hemlock bark extracts. After a 96-h exposure, 50% of the test fry were killed at a concentration of 56 mg/liter (96-h LC50). With a 96-h exposure of spruce extracts, 50% of the fry were killed at concentrations of 100–120 mg/liter.Spruce bark extracts were consistently toxic to all invertebrates tested. The 96-h LC50 with larval shrimp, adult shrimp, and larval crabs were 415, 205, and 530 mg/liter, respectively. Using loss of swimming as the criterion, the 96-h EC50s for larval shrimp and larval crabs were 155 and 225 mg/liter, respectively (EC50: median effective concentration). Spruce bark pulp was found to be 2–6 times more toxic than extracts to shrimp larvae.

Temporal aspects of juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Walbaum) emergence from a simulated gravel redd

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Guy J. Godin
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
The One

The temporal pattern and daily timing of sibling pink salmon fry emerging from a simulated gravel redd were examined in the laboratory under a 12 h light: 12 h dark cycle and at temperatures ranging from 3.4 to 15.0 °C. The distribution of sibling fry emergence was generally unimodal in time, but differed significantly from normality. The rate of emergence decreased as temperature increased, owing in part to a positive relationship between the duration of the emergence period and mean temperature. Timing of 50% emergence was correlated negatively with mean temperature. Emergence was mainly nocturnal at all temperatures except 15.0 °C. However, the fry's tendency to emerge during daylight increased progressively during the course of the emergence period for all redds except the one at 5.0 °C. The onset of darkness appeared to be the major time cue for emergence at temperatures ≤ 12.3 °C. In general, the daily peak of fry emergence occurred within 3 h after the onset of darkness.

Helminths of pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, from five tributaries of Lake Superior and Lake Huron

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 508-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Muzzall ◽  
C. Robert Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
New Host ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Cystidicola Farionis

Adult salmon (93 pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha; 8 coho salmon, O. kisutch; and 5 chinook salmon, O. tshawytscha) were collected from four tributaries of Lake Superior and one of Lake Huron in September–October 1983 and 1984, and examined for helminths. Fourteen species (1 Digenea, 4 Cestoda, 6 Nematoda, 3 Acanthocephala) were found in the digestive tract and other viscera. Nine, 6, and 7 new host records are reported for pink, coho, and chinook salmon, respectively. Cystidicola farionis and Echinorhynchus salmonis were the most common and numerous helminths in each salmon species. Fifty pink salmon fry and 35 chinook salmon fry collected in May 1984 were negative for parasites.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document