Gravel Incubators: a Second Evaluation on Pink Salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Including Adult Returns

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1379-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Bams
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Salmon Fry

A hatchery method designed for mass production of unfed Pacific salmon fry and utilizing a gravel medium during most of the incubation period is being evaluated on successive cycles of a stock of pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, of the Tsolum River, B.C. Possible treatment effects are studied at emergent fry and returning adult stages in artificially and naturally propagated populations. Average growth rate and, hence, efficiency of yolk conversion were unimpeded in the hatchery environment, but fry emerged 11 days prematurely. Survival from green egg to emergent fry averaged 74.9% in the hatchery and 20.6% in the creek, for a gain ratio at emergence of 3.63. Recovery of selectively marked populations of hatchery and creek fish demonstrated almost identical survival rates from fry to adult stages and a final gain ratio of 3.46. Adult lengths and weights, fecundity, and timing of migrations were unaffected generally by the hatchery treatment.

Orientation of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) During Early Marine Migration from Bella Coola River System

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2321-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Healey
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
River System ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Marine Migration ◽  
Bella Coola

During May and June 1966, the migration of pink salmon fry from the Bella Coola River was studied in Burke Channel, British Columbia. The movement of pink fry down Burke Channel was saltatory. Short periods of active migration were interspersed with longer periods when the fry did not migrate and accumulated in bays. Fry were sampled from these accumulations and their ability to orient using celestial cues was examined. During the early morning, fry tended to prefer directions at right angles to their direction of migration, but at other times of the day preferred the direction of migration. The preference for the direction of migration was strongest at midday. Fry were better oriented on clear days than on cloudy days. These data indicate that fry may use celestial cues to find directions during their oceanic migrations.

Spatial covariation in survival rates of Northeast Pacific pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1501-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Pyper ◽  
Franz J Mueter ◽  
Randall M Peterman ◽  
David J Blackbourn ◽  
Chris C Wood
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
Best Fit

We examined spatial patterns of covariation in indices of survival rate (residuals from the best-fit stock- recruitment curve) across four decades among 43 wild pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) stocks from 14 geographical regions in Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. We found strong evidence of positive covariation among stocks within each region and between certain adjacent regions (e.g., correlations from 0.3 to 0.7) but no evidence of covariation between stocks of distant regions (e.g., separated by 1000 km or more). This suggests that important environmental processes affecting temporal variation in survival rates of pink salmon from spawners to recruits operate at regional spatial scales rather than at the larger ocean basin scale. Based on limited fry abundance data, we found that this covariation in spawner-to-recruit survival rates may be strongly influenced by marine processes.

Daily Patterns of Feeding Behavior, Daily Rations, and Diets of Juvenile Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in Two Marine Bays of British Columbia

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Guy J. Godin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepods ◽  
Additional Support

Stomach analyses showed that pink salmon fry fed mainly during daylight hours in the littoral zone of Departure Bay and Hammond Bay, British Columbia, in May. Although the diurnal feeding patterns of the fish differed slightly between the two bays, maximum mean prey biomass in the fishes' stomachs occurred near or at dusk in both bays. Daily rations consumed by Departure Bay and Hammond Bay fish were estimated to be 13.1 and 6.6% of their dry body weight, respectively. The fry consumed similar prey items in both bays, but in differing proportions. Harpacticoid copepods, copepod nauplii, and barnacle larvae comprised numerically 93.1 and 86.2% of the diets of Departure Bay and Hammond Bay fish, respectively. About 38% of the diet of Departure Bay fish and 51% of the diet of Hammond Bay fish comprised epibenthic prey, mainly harpacticoid copepods. The data provide additional support for the importance of the detritus-microbe-consumer type food chain supporting the production of pink salmon during their early period of marine residency.Key words: pink salmon, feeding behavior, daily rhythm, diet, ration, British Columbia

A Hatchery Release Tank for Pink Salmon Fry With Notes on Behavior of the Fry in the Tank and After Release

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Coburn ◽  
P. McCart
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmon Fry

A hatchery release tank was designed which permitted the voluntary release of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) fry. Fry release was stimulated by rising temperatures and increasing turbidity. Because even relatively immature fry left the tank under these conditions, fry were released only between 0800 and 1000 hr, when both temperature and turbidity were low. After entering the stream, hatchery-produced fry appeared to behave normally. They buried themselves during daytime and, within a few days, moved downstream during the night.

Use of the stratified-Petersen estimator in fisheries management: estimating the number of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) spawners in the Fraser River

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl James Schwarz ◽  
Carolyn Gail Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Differential Migration ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Recent Developments

The simple-Petersen estimator is a well-known mark-recapture method to estimate animal abundance. Two key assumptions are equal catchability in both samples and complete mixing of tagged and untagged animals. If these are violated, severe bias can occur. The stratified-Petersen estimator can be used to account for some of the heterogeneity in catchability or mixing. In this paper, we first review recent developments in the stratified-Petersen experiment for fisheries audiences and demonstrate some of the practical problems that can occur that have not been discussed in the theoretical literature. Second, we present a case study to estimate the gross escapement of Fraser River pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in 1991. The motivation for this study is a discrepancy of over 5 million fish between the estimates as derived by the Pacific Salmon Commission (PSC) (7.5 million fish based on a hydroacoustic method) and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), Canada (13.0 million fish based on a mark-recapture method). One hypothesis put forward was that the discrepancy may be due to the use of a pooled-Petersen estimator when there is differential migration over time. The stratified-Petersen model suggests that little of this discrepancy can be explained by differential migration.

Effect of parental heterozygosity on pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) embryonic and alevin survival and development at extreme temperatures

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2485-2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham ◽  
Nataly V. Varnavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Survival And Development

Heterozygosity of 59 pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) families was compared with embryo and alevin survival, hatching time, and emergence time for developmental temperatures of 4, 8, and 15 °C. There was no consistent association between heterozygosity determined at 23 loci and either embryo or alevin survival or development rate at any of the three rearing temperatures. Embryos and alevins from more heterozygous parents did not have higher survival rates during development at the more extreme temperatures (4 and 15 °C). Hatching and emergence timing was unrelated to parental heterozygosity. For pink salmon, there is no evidence to indicate that heterozygosity is correlated with any phenotypic trait yet examined.

Short-term Rearing of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Fry: Effect on Survival and Biomass of Returning Adults

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy M. Martin ◽  
William R. Heard ◽  
Alex C. Wertheimer
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Marine Diatoms ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Marine Survival

Survival of pink salmon (Onchorynchus gorbuscha) fry could theoretically be improved if they were reared to a larger size before being released into the estuary. Three lots of 1975-brood pink salmon fry, reared from eggs in a hatchery, were cultured in floating estuarine raceways for 30, 60, and 90 d before being released into the Little Port Walter estuary on Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska. An unfed control lot was released after emergence. Four groups of 15 000 fry each were differentially fin marked. Total marine survival for the four lots was computed from recoveries of marked adults in the Little Port Walter vicinity in 1977. Survival from release to return was lowest for the control lot (3.1%); increased for fry reared for 30 and 60 d (4.6 and 5.2%, respectively); and decreased for fry cultured for 90 d (4.3%). Mortalities in lots cultured for 60 and 90 d significantly reduced the numbers of fry released in these groups. Mortalities were associated with the marine diatoms Chaetoceros spp. Mean length and weight of returning adults declined with increased fry-rearing time. Compared with the control lot, adults from fry cultured for 30 d had 39% more biomass; adults from fry cultured for 60 d had the same biomass; and adults from fry cultured for 90 d had 45% less biomass. Culturing fry for 30 d in the raceways significantly increased the number and biomass of returning adults.Key words: short-term rearing, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, floating estuarine raceways, marine survival, biomass

Effect of incubation temperature on the development of five species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) embryos and alevins

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Murray ◽  
J. D. McPhail
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Embryo and alevin survival, time to hatching and emergence, and alevin and fry size of five species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) were observed at five incubation temperatures (2, 5, 8, 11, and 14 °C). No pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) or chum (O. keta) salmon embryos survived to hatching at 2 °C. Coho (O. kisutch) and sockeye (O. nerka) salmon had higher embryo survival at 2 °C than chinook (O. tschawytscha) salmon. At 14 °C, chum, pink, and chinook salmon had higher embryo survival than coho or sockeye salmon. In all species, peaks of embryo mortality occurred at specific developmental stages (completion of epiboly, eye pigmentation, and hatching). Alevin survival to emergence was high for all species, except for coho and pink salmon at 14 °C. Hatching and emergence time varied inversely with incubation temperature, but coho salmon hatched and emerged sooner at all temperatures than the other species. Coho and sockeye salmon alevins were larger at 2 °C, pink, chum, and chinook salmon alevins were larger at 5 and 8 °C. Coho salmon fry were larger at 2 °C, chinook and chum salmon fry were larger at 5 °C, and sockeye and pink salmon fry were larger at 8 °C. High incubation temperatures reduced fry size in all species. Each species of Pacific salmon appears to be adapted to different spawning times and temperatures, and thus indirectly to specific incubation temperatures, to ensure maximum survival and size and to maintain emergence at the most favorable time each year.

Homing Tendency and Age at Maturity of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in British Columbia

1939 ◽  
Vol 4b (4) ◽  
pp. 233-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Transplantation Experiments

Pink salmon fry were marked by the removal of certain fins to ensure later identification as adults. This procedure does not affect the growth or the feeding reactions of the fish. Three experiments were conducted on natural runs at McClinton creek, Masset inlet, B.C. On the basis of the most significant one of these it is concluded that the majority of the fish return to spawn in the stream in which they were hatched. Isolated individuals, in numbers not economically significant, may wander to a distance of 400 miles (645 kilometres). In the case of fry resulting from transplantation experiments from Tlell river, east coast of Graham island, to McClinton creek, there appears no consistent behaviour in regard to "homing". For fry, hatchery-raised and pond-reared, from Vedder river, Swelter creek eggs, no return to the parent stream was reported. All pink salmon mature in the autumn of their second year. Certain incidental checks in growth have been discovered on scales which should not be interpreted as representing a winter.

Physical Characteristics and Behaviour of Pink Salmon Fry at McClinton Creek, B.C.

1944 ◽  
Vol 6c (3) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Small Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Effect Of Light

High temperatures appear to shorten and low temperatures lengthen the incubation period of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) eggs. The fry migrate to sea during spring when the yolk sac is almost completely absorbed. There is no significant difference from year to year in qualitative description or in certain countable physical characters. Migration is usually swift and vigorous. The effect of light is demonstrated by the fact that movement is limited to the hours of darkness and slowed by direct moonlight. Rainfall does not initiate migration but causes fry already in motion to proceed more quickly. Small temperature variations have little effect. Oxygen content and pH of the water vary coincidentally with rainfall.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document