Lethal Temperatures of the Developmental Stages of the Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L.

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Temperature Characteristic ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Lethal Temperatures

Of all stages of the sea lamprey, the eggs have the most exacting thermal requirements. The range of constant temperatures necessary for successful hatching is narrow, being 15–25 °C. This range may be extended to 12–26 °C and possibly beyond, if the eggs have developed to the head stage before they encounter temperature extremes.The ability to withstand high temperature characteristic of the post-embryonic stages of the species appears shortly before or after hatching.The role of temperature in the development of eggs under natural conditions is discussed.

The role of local ecological knowledge for the conservation and sustainable fisheries of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Iberian Peninsula

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 105345
Author(s):  
Heitor Oliveira Braga ◽  
Mário Jorge Pereira ◽  
Joelson Musiello-Fernandes ◽  
Fernando Morgado ◽  
Amadeu M.V.M. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Local Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Sustainable Fisheries

Decline and Recovery of the Lake Superior Gull Island Reef Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) Population and the Role of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Predation

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2074-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Swanson ◽  
Donald V. Swedberg
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Egg Deposition

The Gull Island Reef lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) population was one of the few in Lake Superior that was not annihilated by the combined effects of excessive fishing and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) predation. Following control of the lamprey in the early 1960s, this population of lake trout began a slow but steady increase in the average age and numbers of lake trout. Total annual mortality rates for spawning lake trout were 32% for age VI fish, 48% for ages VII–VIII, and 75% for ages IX and older. These total mortality rates included a 7.3% exploitation rate u, a 20% natural mortality n, and annual lamprey-induced mortalities of 6% for ages V–VI, 24%, for ages VII–VIII, and 56% for ages IX and older fish. The estimated number of lake trout eggs deposited annually on Gull Island Reef from 1964 to 1979 ranged from 3.3 million eggs in 1965 to 28 million eggs in 1979, with a mean of 9 million eggs per year. At present levels of lamprey predation, the estimated egg to spawning fish return rate on Gull Island Reef is 0.18%.Key words: lake trout, sea lamprey, survival, population structure, egg deposition

scholarly journals Osmoregulatory role of the intestine in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. R410-R417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Barany ◽  
C. A. Shaughnessy ◽  
J. Fuentes ◽  
J. M. Mancera ◽  
S. D. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Posterior Intestine ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Plasma Chloride ◽  
Anterior Intestine

Lampreys are the most basal vertebrates with an osmoregulatory strategy. Previous research has established that the salinity tolerance of sea lamprey increases dramatically during metamorphosis, but underlying changes in the gut have not been examined. In the present work, we examined changes in intestinal function during metamorphosis and seawater exposure of sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus). Fully metamorphosed juvenile sea lamprey had 100% survival after direct exposure to 35 parts per thousand seawater (SW) and only slight elevations in plasma chloride (Cl−) levels. Drinking rates of sea lamprey juveniles in seawater were 26-fold higher than juveniles in freshwater (FW). Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) activity in the anterior and posterior intestine increased 12- and 3-fold, respectively, during metamorphosis, whereas esophageal NKA activity was lower than in the intestine and did not change with development. Acclimation to SW significantly enhanced NKA activity in the posterior intestine but did not significantly change NKA activity in the anterior intestine, which remained higher than that in the posterior intestine. Intestinal Cl− and water uptake, which were observed in ex vivo preparations of anterior and posterior intestine under both symmetric and asymmetric conditions, were higher in juveniles than in larvae and were similar in magnitude of those of teleost fish. Inhibition of NKA by ouabain in ex vivo preparations inhibited intestinal water absorption by 64%. Our results indicate drinking and intestinal ion and water absorption are important to osmoregulation in SW and that preparatory increases in intestinal NKA activity are important to the development of salinity tolerance that occurs during sea lamprey metamorphosis.

Metamorphosis of the Landlocked Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1735-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Manion ◽  
Thomas M. Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Mouth Region ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Mean

The external metamorphosis of the sea lamprey was divided into four stages, based primarily on the condition of the mouth: mouth reduced, mouth fused, mouth enclosed, and mouth elongated. During metamorphosis, the eye enlarged greatly, the snout and mouth region changed from a fleshy hood enclosing a sieve apparatus to a large sucking disc, the nasopore membrane and the branchial area shrank, the branchiopores changed in shape, the general color changed from dark brown and yellow to an intense blue-black dorsally and white ventrally, and the total length increased. Metamorphosis began in early to mid-July and did not take place after August. The duration of external metamorphosis was about 3 months for lampreys transforming under natural conditions. The mean lengths of metamorphosing lampreys from tributaries of lakes Superior and Michigan were 145 and 136 mm, respectively.

scholarly journals Functional characterization and osmoregulatory role of the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter in the gill of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a basal vertebrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (1) ◽  
pp. R17-R29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciaran A. Shaughnessy ◽  
Stephen D. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Muscle Water Content ◽  
Muscle Water ◽  
Basal Position ◽  
Salt Secretion

The present study provides molecular and functional characterization of Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1/Slc12a2) in the gills of sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus), the most basal extant vertebrate with an osmoregulatory strategy. We report the full-length peptide sequence for the lamprey Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), which we show groups strongly with and occupies a basal position among other vertebrate NKCC1 sequences. In postmetamorphic juvenile lamprey, nkcc1 mRNA was present in many tissues but was fivefold higher in the gill than any other examined tissue, and NKCC1 protein was only detected in the gill. Gill mRNA and protein abundances of NKCC1 and Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA/Atp1a1) were significantly upregulated (20- to 200-fold) during late metamorphosis in fresh water, coinciding with the development of salinity tolerance, and were upregulated an additional twofold after acclimation to seawater (SW). Immunohistochemistry revealed that NKCC1 in the gill is found in filamental ionocytes coexpressing NKA, which develop during metamorphosis in preparation for SW entry. Lamprey treated with bumetanide, a widely used pharmacological inhibitor of NKCC1, exhibited higher plasma Cl− and osmolality as well as reduced muscle water content after 24 h in SW; there were no effects of bumetanide in freshwater-acclimated lamprey. This work provides the first functional characterization of NKCC1 as a mechanism for branchial salt secretion in lampreys, providing evidence that this mode of Cl− secretion has been present among vertebrates for ~550 million years.

Resistance of Four Freshwater Crustaceans to Lethal High Temperature and Low Oxygen

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Short Survival ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Gammarus Fasciatus ◽  
Gammarus Pseudolimnaeus

The crustaceans studied were the isopod Asellus intermedius Forbes, and the amphipods Hyalella azteca (Saussure), Gammarus fasciatus Say, and Gammarus pseudolimnaeus Bousfield.Resistance to high temperature decreased with size in A. intermedius and G. fasciatus, but no difference was found for H. azteca. Female Gammarus, were more resistant than males, there was no difference for A. intermedius, and a variable relation in H. azteca. Acclimation temperature could be raised at rates of 2.5 to 5 °C per day, at temperatures above 14 °C. Raising acclimation from 10 to 20 °C increased the lethal temperature (50% mortality in 24 hours) by 1.9 °C in G. fasciatus, 1.3 °C in A. intermedius, 0.5 °C in G. pseudolimnaeus, and apparently not at all in H. azteca. There was no seasonal variation in resistance after A. intermedius was acclimated in the laboratory.Two difficulties encountered were mortality during acclimation and short survival of controls, but careful checking showed that neither greatly affected the reported resistance.Estimates of the ultimate 24-hour lethal temperatures were 34.6 °C for A. intermedius and G. fasciatus, 33.2 °C for H. azteca, and 29.6 °C for G. pseudolimnaeus. The concentrations of low oxygen causing 50% mortality in 24 hours, with acclimation and testing at 20 °C, were.0.03 mg/l for A. intermedius, 0.7 mg/l for H. azteca, 2.2 mg/l for G. pseudolimnaeus, and 4.3 mg/l for G. fasciatus. Lethal temperatures would seldom seem to affect distribution under natural conditions, but resistance to low oxygen fits field observations fairly closely.

Corrosion of Lead Glasses by SO2 Gas

2008 ◽  
Vol 595-598 ◽  
pp. 639-647
Author(s):  
Florence Moitrier ◽  
Christophe Rapin ◽  
J.F. Marêché ◽  
Franck Humbert ◽  
B. Colin-Seigner
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Bulk Glass ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Corrosion Phenomenon ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
So2 Gas

This paper presents the corrosion of potassic glasses by SO2 gas at high-temperature. The corrosion phenomenon of potassic glass is well-known for medieval stained-glass windows under natural conditions of weathering [1]. Nevertheless the corrosion is also possible without humidity at high temperature in presence of polluting gas such as SO2 gas in the furnace. All source of SO2 gas can thermodynamically involve the main formation of K2SO4 and other alkaline salts such as Na2SO4. This corrosion manifests itself by the presence of “white flakes” in the bulk glass and this defect leads to discard of the piece for a crystal-maker like Daum. Alkali sulphate formation was determined by using scanning electron microscopy and presents a very particular morphology. This study allowed underlining on, one hand the influence of the temperature and on the other hand the role of gas concentration on the formation of the potassium sulphate. Thermal analysis technique (TGA) was carried out in order to understand the corrosion chemical kinetic of potassic glasses by SO2 gas.

scholarly journals Oviductal fluid counterbalances the negative effect of high temperature on sperm in an ectotherm model

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. bio.058593
Author(s):  
N. Rossi ◽  
G. Lopez Juri ◽  
M. Chiaraviglio ◽  
G. Cardozo
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Neutral Conditions ◽  
Oviductal Fluid

Global warming is affecting biodiversity; however, the extent to which animal reproductive processes respond to predicted temperature increments remains largely unexplored. The thermal environment has a pronounced impact on metabolic rates of ectotherms; therefore, an interesting question to assess is whether temperature increase might affect specific reproductive mechanisms like sperm performance in ectotherms. Moreover, in many species, oviductal fluid (OF) is known to regulate and maintain sperm quality; however, the role of oviductal fluid in relation to the effects of high temperature on sperm remains unclear. Our aim was to experimentally test the effect of increased temperature on sperm velocity, swimming path and percentage of motility in neutral conditions at ejaculation (without OF) and in femalés reproductive tract fluid (with OF), in a social ectotherm lizard model, Tropidurus spinulosus, which has specific thermal requirements for reproduction. Our results suggest that a rising temperature associated with global warming (+4°C) affects negatively sperm dynamics and survival. However, OF fluid ameliorated the harmful effects of high temperature. This is an important point, as this study is the first that ever tested the role of OF to preserve sperm from a warmer pre-fertilization environment. These results contribute to our understanding of how thermal environment changes might affect post-copulatory reproductive mechanisms.

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