A Comparative Study of Purines Responsible for Silvering in Several Freshwater Fishes

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1927-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Fish Skin ◽  
Culaea Inconstans ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Brook Stickleback

The major purines occurring in silvery depositions were analysed for several taxonomically diverse species of freshwater fishes by paper chromatography and ultraviolet-spectrophotometry.Guanine and lesser quantities of hypoxanthine were the only purines found in the skin silvery layers of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punclatus), burbot (Lota lota), brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans), pike (Esox lucius), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), sauger (S. canadense), goldfish (Carassius auratus), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and trout perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus). Possibly both guanine and hypoxanthine generally occur in fish skin silvery layers.In the pike and walleye the purines in the homogenized eye were examined and guanine and hypoxanthine recovered. However, for the swimbladder of pike, walleye, and channel catfish guanine alone was found.

Compartmentalization of prostaglandin synthesis within the fish ovary

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (5) ◽  
pp. R862-R865
Author(s):  
F. W. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Significant Production ◽  
Prostaglandins E

Numerous studies have shown that the follicle walls surrounding mature vertebrate oocytes are capable of producing primary prostaglandins. However, very few studies have looked at the prostaglandin synthetic potential of other ovarian tissue components. In brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and goldfish (Carassius auratus), mature follicle walls can produce prostaglandins E and F (PGE and PGF, respectively); however, it is apparent that several other tissues within the fish ovary also produce specific primary PGs. Incubation of stroma or connective tissue from brook trout and goldfish ovaries with [14C]-arachidonic acid resulted in a very significant production of PGE2, whereas small immature oocytes of both species produced primarily PGF2 alpha. While the function of the primary prostaglandins produced by tissues external to the mature oocytes is unknown, it is important to recognize that multiple sites for prostaglandin synthesis are present within the fish ovary.

Specimen Weight and M.S. 222

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1403-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Houston ◽  
J. T. Corlett ◽  
R. J. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Anesthetic Concentration ◽  
Specimen Weight ◽  
Gill Area ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
The Relationship

The influence of specimen weight upon induction of and recovery from Stage I M.S. 222 (ethyl m-aminobenzoate methanesulphonate) was examined in goldfish (Carassius auratus), brook (Salvelinus fontinalis), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed to various anesthetic concentration–temperature combinations. Both induction and recovery times varied inversely with weight, the influence of weight being particularly pronounced among smaller specimens. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that attainment of "critical" internal anesthetic concentration is influenced by weight-specific variation in the relationship between gill area and extracellular phase volume.

The transmission and development of Paracuaria adunca (Creplin, 1846) (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) of gulls (Laridae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3092-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Anderson ◽  
P. L. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Culaea Inconstans ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Young Of The Year

Paracuaria adunca (Creplin, 1846) Anderson and Wong, 1981 of the gizzard of ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis Ord) developed to the infective stage in the amphipods Hyalella azteca, Crangonyx laurentianus, and Gammarus duebeni. At 18–20 °C the first moult occurred 10 days and the second 18 days postinfection. Worms developed in the proventriculus of experimentally infected gulls, the third moult occurred 2.5 days and the fourth 5 days postinfection. In 8 days immature adults were found under the gizzard lining near the proventriculus. Females found 16 days postinfection had larvated eggs. Developmental stages in amphipods and gulls are described. Prevalence and intensity of P. adunca were studied in adult and juvenile gulls at the Eastern Headland (Leslie Spit) of the Outer Toronto Harbour, Lake Ontario. The low mean intensity (1.6) in adult birds examined on April 2 suggests that there was little or no transmission of the parasite on the wintering grounds of the gulls. Intensity and prevalence increased in adult birds on the breeding grounds from April 2 to June 25 and larval stages were found in the birds. Prevalence in young-of-the-year birds increased with age of the birds. Intensity reached a high of 3.2 (1–6) in 35- to 42-day-old-birds (July 3). Infective larvae became encapsulated on the mesentery of experimentally infected goldfish (Carassius auratus). Infective larvae of P. adunca were found in the mesentery of fish (Culaea inconstans, Notropis hudsonius, Semotilus atromaculatus) collected in waters adjacent to the breeding grounds. Paracuaria adunca was transmitted experimentally to geese (Anser anser) and ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) but few worms were recovered from the few birds that became infected.

scholarly journals Trichodina nobilis Chen, 1963 and Trichodina reticulata Hirschmann et Partsch, 1955 from ornamental freshwater fishes in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Martins ◽  
N Marchiori ◽  
K Roumbedakis ◽  
F Lami
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Xiphophorus Maculatus ◽  
Sailfin Molly

In the present work Trichodina reticulata and T. nobilis (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) are morphologically characterised from ornamental freshwater fish culture in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The prevalence of infection and a list of comparative measurements are discussed. We examined "southern platyfish" Xiphophorus maculatus (n = 35), "goldfish" Carassius auratus (n = 31), "guppy" Poecilia reticulata (n = 20), "sailfin molly" Poecilia latipinna (n = 6), "beta" Betta splendens (n = 2) and "spotted headstander" Chilodus punctatus (n = 1). After being anesthetised in a benzocaine solution, fishes were examined for parasitological evaluation. A total of 51.57% fishes were parasitised by Trichodina spp. Carassius auratus was the most parasitised species, followed by X. maculatus and P. reticulata. Beta splendens, C. punctatus and P. latipinna were not parasitised by any trichodinid species. Two species of Trichodina were collected from the skin of fish: T. nobilis was found in C. auratus, P. reticulata and X. maculatus and T. reticulata was only observed in C. auratus. The importance of adequate handling in ornamental fish culture are also discussed.

Studies on Chilodonella cyprini and C. hexasticha (Protozoa, Ciliata) by scanning electron microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2483-2487 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wiles ◽  
D. K. Cone ◽  
P. H. Odense
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Scanning Electron

Specimens of the kinetophragminophorid ciliates Chilodonella cyprini (Moroff, 1902) from goldfish (Carassius auratus) in Nova Scotia and Chilodonella hexasticha (Kiernik, 1909) from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in Arkansas were examined by scanning electron microscopy. They are round to foliate, ventrally flattened protozoa well suited for adherence to, and movement over, a flat host surface. Organelles including ventral ciliary rows, dorsal cilia, excretory pores, and a prominent cytopharynx are described. Dorsal surfaces of both species have a distinct reticulate pattern which represents a modification of the pellicle. Ventrolateral margins of C. cyprini contain rows of short cuticular proturberances not seen in C. hexasticha. Our specimens of the two species were distinguished by their total ventral ciliary row number (12–14 in C. hexasticha, 21 in C. cyprini). General morphology as revealed by scanning electron microscopy is compared with previous light microscopical observations. The taxonomic separation of the two species, C. cyprini and C. hexasticha, is confirmed.

Acute toxicity of nitrofurazone to channel catfish,lctalurus punctatus, and goldfish,Carassius auratus

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell L. Wise ◽  
Claudio L. Stiebel ◽  
John M. Grizzle
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

SEM of Hepatocytes and Biliary Passages in Goldfish Liver

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
Waykin Nopanitaya ◽  
Joe W. Grisham ◽  
Johnny L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biliary System ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Commercial Fish Food

An interesting feature of the goldfish liver is the morphology of the hepatic plate, which is always formed by a two-cell layer of hepatocytes. Hepatic plates of the goldfish liver contain an infrequently seen second type of cell, in the centers of plates between two hepatocytes. A TEH study by Yamamoto (1) demonstrated ultrastructural differences between hepatocytes and centrally located cells in hepatic plates; the latter were classified as ductule cells of the biliary system. None of the previous studies clearly showed a three-dimensional organization of the two cell types described. In the present investigation we utilize SEM to elucidate the arrangement of hepatocytes and bile ductular cells in intralobular plates of goldfish liver.Livers from young goldfish (Carassius auratus), about 6-10 cm, fed commercial fish food were used for this study. Hepatic samples were fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde, cut into pieces, fractured, osmicated, CPD, mounted Au-Pd coated, and viewed by SEM at 17-20 kV. Our observations were confined to the ultrastructure of biliary passages within intralobular plates, ductule cells, and hepatocytes.

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