The Fractionation of Urinary Neutral 17-Ketosteroids from Chronic Male Schizophrenics

1954 ◽  
Vol 100 (420) ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reiss ◽  
S. R. Stitch
Keyword(s):  
Excretion Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Hormone Excretion ◽  
Normal Controls

Investigations carried out in the past into the steroid hormone excretion rate of mental patients have been limited to the quantitative determination of the total compounds. Assay of neutral 17-ketosteroids in particular, has revealed no significant difference in the excretion rates of schizophrenics from that of normal controls (Leth Pedersen, 1947; Lingjaerde and Lierasylet, 1949et al). Pincus (1943) has studied the diurnal excretion pattern of 17-ketosteroids in normal persons; a different pattern was shown to occur in some schizophrenics (Reiss, Hemphill, Gordon and Cook, 1949). Some schizophrenic patients also show considerably greater fluctuations in the 24-hour excretion rate than normal persons (Reisset al., 1949), these fluctuations disappearing after successful treatment of the patients (Reiss, 1952). An increased percentage of excreted 3 β-hydroxy-17-ketosteroids has recently been reported (Mittelman, Romanoff, Pincus and Hoagland, 1952) in schizophrenics compared with normal people, the total ketosteroid excretion rate being found similar in both groups. Increased β-ketosteroid excretion rate was also seen by Reiss, Hemphill, Gordon and Cook (1949), during depressive phases in a state of manic depressive psychosis.

Ammonia Excretion in Corophium volutator: Using an Automated Method

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Hawkins ◽  
Paul D. Keizer
Keyword(s):  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Corophium Volutator ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Ammonia Excretion Rate

Rates of ammonia excretion for Corophium volutator were determined for 99 individuals using an automated method. The method allowed rapid and precise determination of excretion rates for single animals as a function of time. Excretion rates for Corophium ranged from 0.66 to 24.4 ng-atm∙mg−1∙h−1 for animals weighing 0.10–1.87 mg dry weight.Key words: ammonia, excretion rate, Corophium volutator

scholarly journals APOE E4 is associated with hyperlipidemia and obesity in elderly schizophrenic patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Fengju Liu ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Xinmei Zhou ◽  
Guanjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Apoe Gene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Apoe Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Normal Controls

AbstractObesity is a critical issue in patients with schizophrenia, which is considered to be brought about by both environmental and genetic factors. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms might be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, however, the effect of APOE gene polymorphism on obesity has never been investigated in Chinese aging with schizophrenia. This cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of obesity on cognitive and psychiatric symptoms in elderly participants with schizophrenia. At the same time, we also discussed the inner link between APOE E4 and obesity. 301 elderly participants with schizophrenia and 156 normal controls were included in the study. Their cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and APOE gene polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of obesity in elderly schizophrenic patients and healthy controls accounted for 15.9% (48/301) and 10.3% (16/156), respectively, with no statistically significant difference. By using stepwise linear regression analysis, we found that elevated fasting blood glucose, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were risk factors for obesity in elderly schizophrenic patients. Although there was no direct correlation between APOE E4 and obesity in patients with schizophrenia, it was significantly correlated with hyperlipemia(r = − 0.154, p = 0.008), suggesting that APOE E4 may induce obesity in elderly patients with schizophrenia through hyperlipemia, However, the above conclusions do not apply to the normal elderly. What’s more, we did not find a link between obesity and cognitive function or mental symptoms for both patients with schizophrenia and normal controls. APOE E4 is associated with hyperlipidemia in elderly schizophrenic patients, which may be a risk factor for obesity, however, the above conclusion does not apply to the normal elderly.

The Physical Properties of Sebum in Acne Vulgaris

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sebum Production ◽  
Sebum Excretion ◽  
Skin Temperatures

1. Methods are described for the collection of scalp sebum, and for the determination of the density, viscosity, surface tension, and freezing-point of sebum samples from individual subjects. 2. Data are presented from ten acne patients and seven normal subjects, of whom three previously had acne. No significant difference was demonstrated between the sebum from acne patients and controls. The sebum viscosity increased with fall in temperature, but sebum did not solidify at physiological skin temperatures, and it is concluded that sebum viscosity is unlikely to be important in the pathogenesis of acne. 3. There was no relationship between sebum excretion rate and viscosity in individual subjects and sebum viscosity is unlikely to play a major role in the normal regulation of sebum production.

Potential use of ketoconazole in a dynamic endocrine test to differentiate between biological outliers and testosterone use by athletes

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1798-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
A T Kicman ◽  
H Oftebro ◽  
C Walker ◽  
N Norman ◽  
D A Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
Testosterone Biosynthesis ◽  
Testosterone Administration ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Determination of the ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone (T/E) in urine is used to detect testosterone administration in athletes, with a ratio > 6 considered as evidence of an offense. We show that administration of ketoconazole, which inhibits testosterone biosynthesis, may be useful for differentiating between an athlete who is using testosterone and one who naturally gives a ratio > 6. In a control subject pretreated with testosterone, ketoconazole caused the ratio to increase; conversely, it caused a decrease in the ratio in an athlete under investigation. Repeated administration of ketoconazole to two normal men caused a decrease in the ratio due to a large decrease in the urinary excretion rate of testosterone relative to epitestosterone. Stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin exacerbated the differences in excretion rates. A single administration of ketoconazole to six normal men caused the T/E ratios to decrease significantly within 8 h, a suitable time scale for use in a dynamic test.

Cyclic AMP in the CSF of Patients with Schizophrenia

1977 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Biederman ◽  
R. Rimon ◽  
R. Ebstein ◽  
R. H. Belmaker ◽  
J. T. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Neuroleptic Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dopamine Hypothesis ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

SummaryThe dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia proposes that schizophrenia is associated with increased brain dopaminergic function. Because dopamine is thought to stimulate the production of cyclic AMP in the brain, we hypothesized that CSF cyclic AMP would be increased in schizophrenia. Cyclic AMP in the CSF was determined in 19 schizophrenic patients who had not received neuroleptic treatment in the preceding two weeks. No significant difference could be shown between CSF cyclic AMP in these patients and CSF cyclic AMP in 10 psychiatrically normal controls.

Some aspects of the biology and pedological significance of mound-building termites in a red and yellow earth landscape near charters towers, north Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Holt ◽  
RJ Coventry ◽  
DF Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Semi Arid

The five species of mound-building termites occurring in red and yellow earths in a semi-arid woodland near Charters Towers, north Queensland, were found to be Amitevmes vitiosus Hill, Dvepanotermes vubviceps (Froggatt), Nasutitevmes longipennis (Hill), Tumulitevmes pastinatov (Hill), and Tumulitevmes sp, indet.; their distributions and associations with nine other inquiline termite species are discussed. Amitermes vitiosus mounds accounted for 68% of all the mounds examined. Although no significant difference was found in total numbers of mounds per hectare between soils, significantly more mounds of harvester than forager termite species were found on the yellow earths. The number of termite mounds per hectare was estimated at 283 and the total soil material in all the mounds, if spread evenly over the ground, would form a layer 1.25 mm thick. Some of the uncertainties involved in the determination of the amount of soil reworked by termites are discussed. Conservatively estimated rates of accumulation of soil of 0.50-0.025 mm/year indicate that one generation of termite mounds could rework up to 20 t/ha of soil. The 20 cm thick sandy loam A horizons of both the red and yellow earths may have accumulated from the erosional degradation of termite mounds over the past 8000 years.

Simultaneous Determination of Urinary CEA, Ferritin and TPA in Egyptian Bladder Cancer Patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-B. Halim ◽  
O. El-Ahmady ◽  
S. Hamza ◽  
M. Aboul-Ela ◽  
P. Oehr
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Individual Marker ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Urinary carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), ferritin (Fer) and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) were determined in 328 cases (106 with blader cancer, 152 with non-malignant urinary tract disease and 70 healthy controls). CEA was determined by the kit supplied by Roche Diagnostica (CEA EIA Doumab 60), ferritin by the Tandem-E Fer kit supplied by Hybritech and TPA by the Prolifigen TPA-IRMA kit supplied by Sangtec Medical. The results of this work revealed that combined determination of urine CEA and Fer, CEA and TPA or Fer and TPA showed higher sensitivity than determination of the individual markers. There was no significant difference between combined and individual marker determination with respect to false positivity in non-malignant urinary tract diseases. At 97% specificity, the sensitivities of urine CEA, Fer and TPA were 82.1%,71.7% and 90.6%, respectively, while combined urine CEA & Fer, CEA & TPA and Fer & TPA showed sensitivities of 92.5%, 99.1% and 98.1%, respectively. When the specificity was related to the entire non-cancer group (patients with benign urinary tract diseases and normal controls), some reduction in the sensitivities of the combined markers was noted compared to the normal group only. In conclusion, combined determination of urine markers is superior to determination of individual markers in the diagnosis of bladder cancer

scholarly journals Determination of Interleukin 31 (IL-31) serum levels according to severity of allergic rhinitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-362
Author(s):  
Noor Suryani Mohd Ashari ◽  
Siti Noor Syuhada Mohd Amin ◽  
Wan Zuraida Wan Abdul Hamid ◽  
Azriani Abdul Rahman ◽  
Irfan Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Normal Controls

Objective: This study was conducted to compare IL-31 serum levels in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients and normal controls as well as according to severity of AR. Materials and Methods: The subjects, normal controls and AR patients, were defined by history taking. Blood were collected from subjects and patients with AR. Serum was centrifuged and analyzed for IL-31 using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. 70 samples of normal controls and 70 samples of AR were collected respectively. Results and Discussion: The result showed that IL-31 serum level was higher in allergic rhinitis patients, mean (SD) 4107.70 (16961.51) as compared with normal controls 2195.55 (9016.57), however it was not statistically significance with p-value, 0.406 by using independent-T test. The result also showed no significant difference of IL-31 levels according to severity of AR with p-value, 0.245 by using Mann-Whitney test. Conclusions: IL-31 serum level was higher in AR patients; however it was not statistically significant. There was also no significant difference of IL-31 levels between the severity of AR. Further study which obtain the larger sample sizes should be done to get better findings.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(4) 2015 p.359-362

Stereotyped responding by schizophrenic patients on a two-choice guessing task

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Frith ◽  
D. John Done
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Severe Restriction ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Depressive Patients ◽  
Normal Controls

SynopsisOn each of a sequence of trials subjects had to guess whether a cross would appear on the left or the right side of a computer screen. The sequence of cross positions was random. Normal controls, manic-depressive patients and patients with senile dementia produced relatively random sequences of responses, as did acute schizophrenic patients with positive symptoms. Acute schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms and chronic patients produced more stereotyped sequences with many response alternations (LRLR). Chronic schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms and intellectual deterioration (defect state) produced very stereotyped sequences with many preservations (LLLL). This severe restriction of response sequences is similar to that shown by animals after treatment with amphetamine. It is suggested that it is due to an impairment of a higher order control process which normally inhibits the repetition of sequences of behaviour when these have proved inappropriate.

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