Cross Correlations Between Reconstructed Ocean Abundances of Bristol Bay and British Columbia Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1814-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall M. Peterman ◽  
Fred Y. C Wong
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Cross Correlations

Anecdotal reports of a tendency for British Columbia sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to be low when Bristol Bay, Alaska, returns are high prompted a reconstruction of minimum abundances of sockeye resident in the Gulf of Alaska each year from the early 1950s to mid-1970s. This backwards reconstruction using Fry's virtual population analysis was done by using catch, escapement, and age structure data for each area in British Columbia and Bristol Bay. Use of more sophisticated backwards reconstruction methods was precluded by lack of age-specific annual survival rates by stock. Ocean abundances of British Columbia and Bristol Bay sockeye show significant autocorrelations at periods consistent with the cyclic dominant patterns of their largest stocks. Cross correlations at lag 0 between ocean abundances of various ages of fish from these two regions show one case of a significant inverse relation in abundances. In addition, there are significant cross correlations between British Columbia and Bristol Bay ocean abundances at various time lags, showing that cycles in their abundances are out of synchrony. This lack of synchrony persisted longer than would be expected from cyclic dominance patterns and age at maturity of British Columbia and Bristol Bay sockeye, and several alternative explanations of this asynchrony are discussed.

Variants of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in Sera of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. Hodgins ◽  
W. E. Ames ◽  
F. M. Utter
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes ◽  
Skeena River ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Ldh Isozymes

Three phenotypes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes were found in sera of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), presumably representing B′B′, B′B, and BB genotypes. No association was obvious between LDH phenotype of sera and sex or total body length.Of 1006 sera from Asian, Bristol Bay, and Gulf of Alaska stocks, 826 were B′B′ and 180 were B′B or BB. Of 591 sera from Washington and British Columbia stocks, 589 were B′B′ and 2 were B′B; both of the B-allele phenotypes were found in fish captured at the Skeena River in northern British Columbia. These findings suggested that LDH isozymes should be useful in studies on ocean distribution of sockeye salmon and in characterizing certain Asian and Alaskan sockeye salmon populations.

Patterns of Interannual Variation in Age at Maturity of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Alaska and British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1595-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall M. Peterman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses

Interannual variations in mean age of maturity tend to be positively correlated among 10 stocks of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) which spawn in rivers emptying into Bristol Bay, Alaska. Taking a comparative approach, I utilized data from British Columbia and Alaska sockeye stocks with different life histories to test alternative hypotheses about sources of these variations in mean age at maturity. The hypotheses included freshwater environment, marine environment, and parental influences. Freshwater hypotheses were rejected and while some parental effects do exist, they are small compared with the effect of events in early marine life. Early marine growth rate data do not exist for these stocks but evidence from five other sockeye stocks shows that fast growth during this period tends to lead to earlier age at maturity.

Patterns of covariation in length and age at maturity of British Columbia and Alaska sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Pyper ◽  
Randall M Peterman ◽  
Michael F Lapointe ◽  
Carl J Walters
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Environmental Processes

We examined patterns of covariation in age-specific adult body length and in mean age at maturity among 31 sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks from western Alaska to southern British Columbia. Positive covariation in body length was prevalent across stocks of all regions (e.g., correlations (r) from 0.2 to 0.6), suggesting either that growth periods critical to final body length of sockeye salmon occur while ocean distributions of these stocks overlap or that large-scale environmental processes influence these stocks similarly while they do not overlap. We also found stronger covariation among body length of stocks within regions (r from 0.4 to 0.7), indicating that unique regional-scale processes were also important. Mean age at maturity also showed positive covariation both among and within regions, but correlations were weaker than those for length. We also examined patterns of covariation between length and mean age at maturity and between these variables and survival rate. Although length and mean age at maturity were negatively correlated, there was little evidence of covariation between these variables and survival rate, suggesting that environmental processes that influence marine survival rates of sockeye salmon are largely different from those affecting size and age at maturity.

Patterns of covariation in survival rates of British Columbian and Alaskan sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 2503-2517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall M Peterman ◽  
Brian J Pyper ◽  
Michael F Lapointe ◽  
Milo D Adkison ◽  
Carl J Walters
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Basin Scale

We used a multi-stock comparison to identify spatial and temporal characteristics of environmentally driven sources of variability across four decades in the productivity of 29 sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks from British Columbia (B.C.) and Alaska. We examined patterns of covariation among indices of survival rate (residuals from the best-fit stock-recruitment curve) and found positive covariation among Fraser River sockeye stocks (southern B.C.) and, to a greater extent, among Bristol Bay stocks (western Alaska) but no evidence of covariation between these two regions or with stocks of other regions in B.C. and Alaska. This indicates that important environmental processes affecting variation in sockeye survival rate from spawners to recruits operate at regional spatial scales, rather than at the larger, ocean-basin scale. The observed covariation in survival rates of Bristol Bay stocks appears to be due to a combination of both freshwater and, to a greater degree, marine processes. Bristol Bay sockeye stocks showed a dramatic and persistent increase in survival rates coinciding with the abrupt changes in the North Pacific environment in the mid-1970s; however, there was little evidence of a similar response for Fraser River stocks.

Relationship among adult body length, abundance, and ocean temperature for British Columbia and Alaska sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), 1967–1997

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1716-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Pyper ◽  
Randall M Peterman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
Length Data

Body length of adult Pacific sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) has decreased significantly in recent years. We used 69 time series of age-specific body-length data (1967-1997) for 30 sockeye salmon stocks from southern British Columbia to western Alaska to test hypotheses about the effects of oceanographic conditions and competition on growth rate of sockeye salmon. Using principal components analysis (PCA), we constructed a single time series (PC1) that represented the dominant pattern of variability in length-at-age shared among these stocks. Taking into account time trends and autocorrelation in residuals, we found that increases in total Gulf of Alaska sockeye abundance and increases in sea-surface temperature (SST) across the Gulf of Alaska were significantly associated with reduced adult body length. Abundance and SST together accounted for 71% of the variability in PC1. Although researchers have documented increases in both abundance of sockeye salmon and their food in the northeastern Pacific Ocean over the last few decades, it is possible that increased food was more than offset by increased sockeye abundance, leading to greater competition and reduced body size.

Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus: Prevalence in Certain Alaskan Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger S. Grischkowsky ◽  
Donald F. Amend
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Cook Inlet ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Virus Prevalence ◽  
Kodiak Island ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis ◽  
First Time

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus is reported for the first time in Alaskan sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). The virus was isolated from moribund juveniles at Kitoi Bay and from adults of 16 spawning stocks throughout the Bristol Bay, Kodiak Island, Cook Inlet, and the Gulf of Alaska areas.

Density-Dependent Growth in Early Ocean Life of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1825-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall M. Peterman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Adult Body Size ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Dependent Growth

Significant decreases in adult body size and marine growth rate occur in seven British Columbia and Bristol Bay, Alaska, sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks when large numbers of sockeye are present in the Gulf of Alaska. These density-dependent effects arise mainly during early ocean life and are probably due to competition for food. The total sockeye abundance in the Gulf of Alaska is at least as important as within-stock abundance in determining final adult body size. British Columbia sockeye show a 10–22% decrease in adult body weight at high abundance of conspecifics. Thus, future evaluations of management strategies cannot simply focus on individual stocks, but must take a broader perspective which includes other sockeye populations.

Alternative models of climatic effects on sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, productivity in Bristol Bay, Alaska, and the Fraser River, British Columbia

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
MILO D. ADKISON ◽  
RANDALL M. PETERMAN ◽  
MICHAEL F. LAPOINTE ◽  
DARREN M. GILLIS ◽  
JOSH KORMAN
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Alternative Models

Variation in developmental biology of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) in British Columbia

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2081-2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham ◽  
Clyde B. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Embryos and alevins of coastal-spawning and interior-spawning sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and chinook (O. tshawytscha) salmon stocks in British Columbia were incubated under controlled water temperatures of 2, 4, 8, 12, and 15 °C. At low incubation temperatures, interior-spawning stocks of both species had smaller eggs and higher embryo survival rates than did coastal-spawning stocks. Interior-spawning stocks had faster developmental rates to alevin hatching and fry emergence than did coastal-spawning stocks. Interior-spawning stocks had proportionately larger alevins or fry at 2 °C (for sockeye salmon) or 4 °C (for chinook salmon) relative to their performance at 8 °C than did coastal-spawning stocks. Red-fleshed chinook salmon had higher embryo survival rates at 15 °C than did white-fleshed chinook salmon, as well as an indication of proportionately larger alevins or fry relative to the performance at lower incubation temperatures. Differences in developmental biology of interior- and coastal-spawning stocks may reflect adaptation to the thermal conditions experienced during development.

Fecundity and Egg Retention of Some Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Stocks in British Columbia

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1643-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Manzer ◽  
I. Miki
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Absolute Fecundity ◽  
Egg Retention ◽  
Inadequate Sample Size ◽  
Egg Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Fecundity

The fecundity and egg retention of anadromous female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) collected during 1971–82 from several stocks in British Columbia undergoing controlled fertilization to enhance adult sockeye production were examined. The relationship between egg number and postorbital–hypural length based on 863 females representing 14 stocks was not consistent between all age-types, stocks, and years, probably because of inadequate sample size in some instances. Combined samples, however, revealed a significant positive relationship between postorbital–hypural length and egg number for age 1.2, 1.3, and 2.2 females. Mean absolute fecundity for the respective age-types was 3218, 4125, and 3544 eggs. For samples of 10 or more females, significant stock and annual differences were detected when individual mean absolute fecundity was adjusted to a postorbital–hypural length of 447 mm, but not for females of different age. A comparison of mean fecundities for coastal stocks with historical data for interior British Columbia stocks suggests that coastal stocks are 18% more fecund than interior stocks. Possible causal mechanisms for this regional difference are hypothesized. Examination of 796 carcasses (representing five stocks) for egg retention revealed a range from totally spawned to totally unspawned females, with 56% of the carcasses containing 20 eggs or less and 68% containing 50 eggs or less. The mean egg retention based on all samples combined was estimated to be 6.5% of the mean individual fecundity. This value was reduced to 3.9% when stock means were averaged.

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