Regulation of Pigment Sedimentation by Photo-Oxidation and Herbivore Grazing

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1166-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Leavitt ◽  
S. R. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Algal Community ◽  
Pheophorbide A ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure ◽  
Photo Oxidation ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Standing Stocks

Reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography was used to show that algal carotenoid sedimentation is regulated by photo-oxidation and herbivore grazing in three unproductive, north-temperate lakes. Comparison of algal carotenoid and biovolume standing stocks revealed that carotenoid concentrations in epilimnetic waters were influenced by nonplanktonic inputs of pigments as well as phytoplankton community composition. Sediment traps did not record weekly events in the water column. Pigments that were incorporated in zooplankton feces and sank rapidly (e.g. alioxanthm and pheophorbide a) were overrepresented in trap material relative to epilimnetic pigment standing stocks. Differential decay of pigments in traps could not account for this observed bias. Chlorophyll mass–balance budgets corroborated the important influence of grazing by large-bodied zooplankton on pigment sedimentation. Interannual differences in pigment sedimentation were caused by changes in zooplankton community structure and the vertical zonation of phytoplankton communities. In the absence of fecal transportation, photo-oxidation destroyed carotenoids prior to their sedimentation from the photic zone. Therefore, sedimentary carotenoid composition is regulated by loss processes as well as changes in algal community composition.

Effects of Grazer Community Composition and Fish on Algal Dynamics

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1908-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Turner ◽  
Gary G. Mittelbach
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure

We examined the effects of grazer community composition and fish on phytoplankton abundance by manipulating zooplankton community structure and the intensity of planktivory in a factorial experiment. Enclosures (1700-L bags) were treated with fish (present/absent) and two grazer communities (one a large-bodied community dominated by Daphnia and the other a small-bodied community dominated by Ceriodaphnia) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. We sampled zooplankton and algae every 4–8 d during the 5-wk experiment. Algal biovolume, chlorophyll a, total particulates, and light extinction were all significantly higher in the presence of fish. Further, the effect of fish on algal standing crop did not depend on which grazer assemblage was initially present. Fish enhanced algal standing crop to the same degree in both Daphnia and Ceriodaphnia treatments. We discuss these results in light of patterns reported in the literature, and the nature of size-structured interactions among fish, zooplankton, and algae.

THE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ELODEA NUTTALLII TO ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-561
Author(s):  
Gui-Jun YANG ◽  
Bo-Qiang QIN ◽  
Guang GAO ◽  
Xiao-Dong WANG ◽  
Hong-Yan WANG
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Elodea Nuttallii ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure

Changes in the crustacean communities of Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie following the invasion of the predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes longimanus

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2111-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P Barbiero ◽  
Marc L Tuchman
Keyword(s):  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Bythotrephes Longimanus ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure ◽  
Cladoceran Species ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Predatory Cladoceran ◽  
Leptodora Kindti ◽  
Escape Responses ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

The crustacean zooplankton communities in Lakes Michigan and Huron and the central and eastern basins of Lake Erie have shown substantial, persistent changes since the invasion of the predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes in the mid-1980s. A number of cladoceran species have declined dramatically since the invasion, including Eubosmina coregoni, Holopedium gibberum, Daphnia retrocurva, Daphnia pulicaria, and Leptodora kindti, and overall species richness has decreased as a result. Copepods have been relatively unaffected, with the notable exception of Meso cyclops edax, which has virtually disappeared from the lakes. These species shifts have for the most part been consistent and equally pronounced across all three lakes. Responses of crustacean species to the Bythotrephes invasion do not appear to be solely a consequence of size, and it is likely that other factors, e.g., morphology, vertical distribution, or escape responses, are important determinants of vulnerability to predation. Our results indicate that invertebrate predators in general, and invasive ones in particular, can have pronounced, lasting effects on zooplankton community structure.

Crustacean zooplankton community structure in temporary and permanent grassland ponds

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 632 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Matthew Drenner ◽  
Stanley I. Dodson ◽  
Ray W. Drenner ◽  
John E. Pinder III
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure ◽  
Permanent Grassland

scholarly journals Interaction between simulated dense Scenedesmus dimorphus (Chlorophyta) bloom and freshwater meta-zooplankton community

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengling Ma ◽  
Hengguo Yu ◽  
Ronald Thring ◽  
Chuanjun Dai ◽  
Anglv Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure ◽  
Scenedesmus Dimorphus

Algal bloom has been a subject of much research, especially the occurrence of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) blooms and their effects on aquatic ecosystems. However, the interaction between green algae blooms and zooplankton community was rarely investigated. In the present study, the effects exerted by Scenedesmus dimorphus (green alga) bloom on the community structure of zooplankton and the top-down control of the bloom process mediated by the zooplankton were evaluated using a series of laboratory cultures. The results showed that a dense S. dimorphus bloom could change the zooplankton community structure by decreasing its diversity indices, leading to the enrichment of a particular zooplankton species, Brachionus calyciflorus. In the presence of mixed species of zooplankton, the density of S. dimorphus in the culture was decreased as determined by a change in total chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, which was about 200 μg L-1 lower than that of the zooplankton-free culture. Furthermore, the number of species belonging to Cladocera, Copepoda and Rotifera all decreased, with all the cladocerans disappeared in the co-culture within 2 weeks of culturing, while the density of rotifers increased from 818 (±243) ind L-1 at the time of inoculation to 40733 (±2173) ind L-1 on the 14th day post-inoculation. Grazing of S. dimorphus by the rotifer B. calyciflorus neutralized its growth, and the gradual increase in B. calyciflorus density eventually led to the collapse of the bloom. Furthermore, grazing by B. calyciflorus also led to a decrease in the maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII). The combined changes occurring in the zooplankton community structure during the process of S. dimorphus bloom and the negative effects of grazing on algal growth, morphology and photosynthetic activities confirmed the key role of zooplankton in the control of algal bloom. The results of the study therefore indicated that dense algal blooms caused by non-toxic algae could still remain a threat to aquatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Experimental evidence that parasites drive eco-evolutionary feedbacks

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (14) ◽  
pp. 3678-3683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska S. Brunner ◽  
Jaime M. Anaya-Rojas ◽  
Blake Matthews ◽  
Christophe Eizaguirre
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Stream Fish ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure

Host resistance to parasites is a rapidly evolving trait that can influence how hosts modify ecosystems. Eco-evolutionary feedbacks may develop if the ecosystem effects of host resistance influence selection on subsequent host generations. In a mesocosm experiment, using a recently diverged (<100 generations) pair of lake and stream three-spined sticklebacks, we tested how experimental exposure to a common fish parasite (Gyrodactylus spp.) affects interactions between hosts and their ecosystems in two environmental conditions (low and high nutrients). In both environments, we found that stream sticklebacks were more resistant to Gyrodactylus and had different gene expression profiles than lake sticklebacks. This differential infection led to contrasting effects of sticklebacks on a broad range of ecosystem properties, including zooplankton community structure and nutrient cycling. These ecosystem modifications affected the survival, body condition, and gene expression profiles of a subsequent fish generation. In particular, lake juvenile fish suffered increased mortality in ecosystems previously modified by lake adults, whereas stream fish showed decreased body condition in stream fish-modified ecosystems. Parasites reinforced selection against lake juveniles in lake fish-modified ecosystems, but only under oligotrophic conditions. Overall, our results highlight the overlapping timescales and the interplay of host–parasite and host–ecosystem interactions. We provide experimental evidence that parasites influence host-mediated effects on ecosystems and, thereby, change the likelihood and strength of eco-evolutionary feedbacks.

scholarly journals Impact of fish cage-culture on the community structure of zooplankton in a tropical reservoir

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana D Dias ◽  
Érica M Takahashi ◽  
Natália F Santana ◽  
Cláudia C Bonecker
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure ◽  
The Impact

We investigated the impact of fish cage culture on the zooplankton community structure in a tropical reservoir. We hypothesized that community abundance is greater near cages and increases over time due to the increase in food availability. Samplings were performed near, upstream and downstream from net cages, and before and after net cage installation. The abundance of zooplankton increased 15 days after the experiment was set up, followed by a reduction and finally increased. Rotifer abundance showed significant differences among sites (p<0.05) and sampling periods (p<0.001). Significant differences were also observed in total zooplankton and cladoceran abundance (p<0.001). The spatial and temporal variation of the physical and chemical variables were indirectly correlated with the structure and dynamic of the zooplankton community, as they indicated the primary production in the environment. Our hypothesis was rejected, since the zooplankton was abundant at the reference site. Only rotifers showed higher abundance near cages, due to the influence of food availability. Community dynamics during the experiment was also correlated to food availability. Our results suggest an impact of fish farming on the zooplankton community.

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