Size Variation of Neocalanus plumchrus and Neocalanus flemingeri in a 20-yr Sample Series from the Gulf of Alaska

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Miller ◽  
John Fulton ◽  
Bruce W. Frost

Prosome length of the resting stages of Neocalanus plumchrus and Neocalanus flemingeri varied significantly, but modestly, among years at Station P in the Gulf of Alaska. The range of variation over 20 yr was small relative to the known geographic variation. Among-year length variations were significantly greater than within-year variations, implying similarity of year-to-year variation in growth conditions over an indeterminate, subregional scale. The two species tended to vary in the same fashion both among and within years, despite the offset of about 1 mo in their developmental schedules. Length of N. plumchrus was negatively correlated with Emerson's (1987. J. Geophys. Res. (Oceans) 92(C6): 6535–6544) estimates of May–August new production at Station P from 1969 to 1978.


Caryologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriane Hidalgo ◽  
Joan Vallès ◽  
Angel Romo ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Canela ◽  
Teresa Garnatje


IAWA Journal ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G. Vysotskaya ◽  
E.A. Vaganov

Radial cell size of conifers of three speeies: Pinus sylvestris, Larix sibirica, and Larix gmelinii from natural stands in the south of the Krasnoyarsk region (USSR) have been measured with a semi-automated device. The main factors responsible for cell size variation have been determined. These are: age, growth rate, soil moisture, climatic changes and endogenous rhythm of cell growth. Age greatly affects the radial cell size in trees up to 30 years old. Growth rate only affects radial tracheid diameter in narrow rings of 0 to 0.5 mm. The main components of variation: soil moisture, climatic factors and a cyclic component have been estimated for pines from three different conditions of moisture: moist, moderately moist and dry. It was shown, that under optimal growth conditions the contribution of the endogenous component was more or less equal to that of the climatic component.



Telopea ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Matthew Renner ◽  

Danhatchia novaehollandiae D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. and D. australis (Hatch) Garay & Christenson were separated at species rank due to differences in petal length and flower opening, with the Australian species having smaller, tardily opening flowers. From this, flower lengths for Australia and New Zealand are expected to be bi-modally distributed with peaks at c. 3 mm and c. 5 mm respectively. Flowers on all available herbarium specimens in AK, CANB, and NSW were measured, and flower length was found to be unimodal, with nearly identical ranges in Australian and New Zealand plants. Flower size variation in Australian and New Zealand Danhatchia specimens has two significant contributing components, inter-individual variation, and ontogenetic variation where flowers increase in size as they age. Dimensions previously recorded for the two species reflect upper and lower limits on the range of variation in flower size present in both New Zealand and Australia, respectively. Within herbarium material, 20% of flowers on New Zealand specimens, and 40% of flowers on Australian specimens exhibited signs of opening. There was no correlation between flower size and opening, as might be expected if the two species were both present in Australia and/or New Zealand. Neither the biogeographic context, pollination system, nor morphological evidence support Danhatchia australis and D. novaehollandiae as distinct species.





2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Max Barbosa Oliveira Junior ◽  
Helena Soares Ramos Cabette ◽  
Nelson Silva Pinto ◽  
Leandro Juen

A teoria do Paradoxo do Plâncton postula que ambientes que apresentam flutuações temporais periódicas apresentariam alta diversidade de espécie, uma vez que essas flutuações impediriam a ocorrência da exclusão competitiva. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variação da comunidade de Odonata adulto na Bacia do Rio Suiá-Miçú, testando a hipótese de que locais que apresentam variáveis ambientais com maiores amplitudes de variação possuiriam maiores riquezas de espécies. Foram amostrados 11 corpos d´água, em uma área de transição Cerrado-Floresta Amazônica na região centro-leste do estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. As variáveis ambientais avaliadas foram integridade ambiental (HII) e amplitude de variação do pH, condutividade, temperatura do ar, temperatura da água, oxigênio dissolvido, amônia, fósforo e Mg+. Foram coletados 2.144 espécimes, distribuídos em oito famílias, 41 gêneros e 78 espécies. Nossa hipótese não foi corroborada, uma vez que a regressão múltipla entre a riqueza estimada de espécie de Anisoptera e Zygoptera e a amplitude de variação dos fatores físico-químicos não foi significativa para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas, assim como para o HII. Nossos resultados sugerem que as variações na comunidade de Odonata em córregos não podem ser explicadas pelo Paradoxo do Plâncton. Acreditamos que este resultado pode ter ocorrido principalmente devido às baixas variações nas condições ambientais analisadas, ação de outros processos locais, como a competição e predação, ou por diferenças ecofisiológicas, resultado da variação de tamanho corporal e da capacidade de termorregulação dos adultos na ordem estudada. Variations in Odonata (Insecta) Community in Streams may be Predicted by the Plankton Paradox? Explaining Species Richness by Environmental Variability Abstract. The theory of Plankton Paradox postulates that environments that exhibit regular temporal fluctuations would present a high diversity of species, since such fluctuations would prevent the occurrence of competitive exclusion. This work aimed evaluate variations in adult Odonata community in catchment of River Suiá-Miçú, testing the hypothesis that sites with environmental variables with the largest amplitude of variation would present the highest species richness. Were sampled 11 water bodies in an area of transition Cerrado-Amazon Forest in east-central Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Environmental variables evaluated were: environmental integrity (HII) and range of variation of pH, conductivity, air temperature, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, phosphorus and Mg+. Were collected 2.144 specimens, distributed in eight families, 41 genera and 78 species. Our hypothesis was not confirmed, since the multiple regression analysis performed between the estimated kind of richness Anisoptera and Zygoptera with range of variation of physical-chemical was not significant for any of the eight variables, as well as for HII. Our results suggest that variations in the community of Odonata in streams cannot be explained by Plankton Paradox. We believe that this result may have occurred due mainly to the low variations in environmental conditions discussed, action of other local processes such as competition and predation or differences ecophysiological result of body size variation and capacity of thermoregulation in the order of the adults studied.



The Auk ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter D. Koenig

Abstract The Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus), a common hole-nesting North American woodpecker, exhibits a highly significant latitudinal increase in clutch size. Using preserved clutches and information on climatic conditions and breeding densities of confamilial species, I examined the hypothesis that this geographic trend is the result of seasonal fluctuations in resources ("Ashmole's hypothesis"; Ashmole 1961, 1963; Ricklefs 1980). Clutch size is significantly correlated both with the ratio of summer productivity to estimated breeding densities of all woodpecker species and with the ratio of summer to winter productivity, supporting Ashmole's hypothesis. In addition, a substantial portion of the latitudinal gradient can be directly explained by the seasonality of resources, primarily because of an inverse correlation between clutch size and winter productivity. These results provide the first corroboration of Ashmole's hypothesis from an examination of intraspecific clutch-size variation and suggest that geographic trends in fecundity in some cases may be largely attributable to trends in seasonal fluctuations of resources.



1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1680-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Hatch ◽  
Martha A. Hatch

We estimated components of annual breeding productivity for eight species of marine birds on the Semidi Islands in the western Gulf of Alaska. Mortality of eggs and young, caused primarily by avian predators, accounted for most of the annual variation in productivity. Failure to produce eggs, clutch size variation, and the hatchability of eggs were generally less important. The stage of breeding at which annual productivity was most strongly regulated differed among species. In murres, chick-rearing success accounted for the largest share of annual variation in overall productivity, whereas incubation success was the key factor in fulmars, kittiwakes, and puffins. Although avian predators were the dominant proximate cause of egg and chick losses in some species, food supply seemed ultimately responsible for variation in all the major components of productivity. Concordance of productivity among species was low for the marine bird community as a whole, but selected pairs of species exhibited a greater tendency for high and low productivities to occur in the same years. Compared with the same or similar species outside Alaska, Semidi Islands birds were in one of three categories: (i) species whose productivity was about the same as reported from other areas (fulmars and gulls), (ii) species with comparatively low productivity (murres, puffins, kittiwakes), and (iii) species with similar mean productivity but greater annual variation (cormorants). These patterns suggest that specialized consumers of forage fish experienced food shortages at the Semidi Islands and that surface feeders were more severely affected than divers.



2006 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Buchheister ◽  
Matthew T. Wilson ◽  
Robert J. Foy ◽  
David A. Beauchamp


1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martínková ◽  
A. Honěk ◽  
F. Pudil

We tested the hypothesis, suggested by literature data, that in Rumex obtusifolius L. the germination of matured seeds harvested from dry standing shoots and achene morphology are correlated. In these seed materials the level of germination is determined by the incidence of primary seed dormancy. The regression of the percentage of germinating seeds on achene, perianth and seed size and mass were calculated for seed materials of 30 plants. The materials in which achene morphology was investigated were selected ex post from a set of seed materials of 241 plants to cover the range of variation of germinability of individual plants which was between 0-66%. There was no relationship between any characteristic of achene quality and germination except for a positive correlation between germination percentage and achene mass calculated only for seed materials of plants which pro­ duced germinable seeds (i.e. when plants with 0% germination were excluded from the analysis). The second part of the study investigated the effects of size variation on germinability among seeds harvested from one plant and after removal from the perianth. This variation was tested using sets of 20 size-assorted groups of 50 seeds, each originating from a particular plant; materials from six plants were tested. There were significant differences in the average germination between plants. However, in the material from the same plant there was no consistent relationship between seed mass and percentage of germination. We conclude that there exists no direct relationship between achene, perianth or seed size or mass and incidence of primary seed dormancy.



2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Laurel ◽  
David Cote ◽  
Robert S. Gregory ◽  
Lauren Rogers ◽  
Halvor Knutsen ◽  
...  

Coastal seine surveys contain some of the only direct measures of age-0 abundance for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), yet their utility in forecasting future year-class strength has not been evaluated among regions. We analyzed coastal time series from the Gulf of Alaska, Newfoundland, and Norway to test the hypothesis that recruitment signals are stronger when assessed under thermal conditions that provide high juvenile growth potential. Weaker recruitment signals were associated with low growth potential from cold winters (Newfoundland) and recent warmer summers (Norway). We conclude that temperature-dependent growth strongly influences the utility of coastal surveys in recruitment forecasting among regions. Temporal changes in growth potential (e.g., via climate change) will likely affect recruitment signals by way of changes in juvenile mortality or spatial shifts to more favorable thermal habitats.



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