Annual Variations in Rheotactic Behaviour and Seawater Adaptability in Landlocked Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus)

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Migratory Behaviour ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Seawater Tolerance ◽  
Seawater Challenge

The existence of basic smoltification characteristics, measured by means of seasonal changes in rheotactic behaviour and seawater adaptability, was studied from February to November in 1- and 2-yr-old landlocked Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Up- and downstream directed movements were monitored in an annular stream tank at a water velocity of 0.2 m/s. A 48-h seawater challenge test using 25‰ seawater was performed at monthly intervals throughout the year to assess seawater adaptability. The 1-yr-old char displayed mainly nondirectional behaviour during spring, but from August onwards the movements were predominantly against the current. Seawater performance improved slightly in this group in May and June. The 2-yr-old char progressively developed a downstream behaviour and exhibited an increased seawater adaptability during spring and early summer. In late August, a marked reversal in rheotactic behaviour occurred, followed by a rapid decrease in seawater tolerance. The results demonstrate that seasonal changes in seawater adaptability and changes in migratory behaviour which were directionally consistent with smolting still exist in a population of Arctic char that has been landlocked for about 6000 yr.

Difference in the Seawater Tolerance of Anadromous and Landlocked Populations of Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus)

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magne Staurnes ◽  
Trygve Sigholt ◽  
Grete Lysfjord ◽  
Odd A. Gulseth
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Seawater Tolerance ◽  
Challenge Tests ◽  
Seawater Challenge

The seawater tolerance of juvenile fish from an anadromous and a landlocked population of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), reared in freshwater under a constant light regime, was compared by making repeated seawater challenge tests from one summer to the next. Fish from the landlocked population had higher mortality rates and higher blood plasma Na+ concentrations after transfer to seawater than those from the anadromous population. The gill Na-K-ATPase activity of the landlocked fish was lower than that of the anadromous fish. For both populations, the smallest fish showed the lowest seawater tolerance, but hypoosmoregulatory ability was independent of fish size for fish larger than about 60 g. By June of the second summer, fish from the anadromous, but not those from the landlocked population, developed seawater tolerance 10 d after transfer to seawater. This increase in hypoosmoregulatory ability was accompanied by a doubling of the gill Na-K-ATPase activity.

Summer osmoregulatory capacity of the world's northernmost living salmonid

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (3) ◽  
pp. R743-R749 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Nilssen ◽  
O. A. Gulseth ◽  
M. Iversen ◽  
R. Kjol
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Anadromous Arctic Charr ◽  
Osmoregulatory Capacity ◽  
Seawater Tolerance ◽  
Seawater Challenge

Anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) were caught on their way to and from the sea with the use of a fish trap placed in the Dieset watercourse located on the Spitsbergen Island (79 degrees 10' Northern latitude) within the high-Arctic Svalbard archipelago. When subjected to a seawater challenge test (34 parts/thousand at 4-5 degrees C), charr on their way to the sea showed only minor and temporary changes in blood plasma osmolality and Na+ and Mg2+ concentrations. The seawater tests also revealed good hypoosmoregulatory capacity for Arctic charr returning from the marine environment 4 wk later. A progressive decrease in seawater tolerance was first documented 7-11 days after their return to the freshwater habitat. Thus the Svalbard charr, being the northernmost anadromous salmonid and probably a direct descendant from the first Salvelinus immigrants to freshwater systems, undergoes a preparatory increase of hypoosmoregulatory capacity (smoltification) before entering the oceanic water bodies. Furthermore, the termination of their short annual seawater stay is probably elicited by factors controlling body systems other than osmoregulation.

Development of Hypoosmoregulatory Capacity in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) Reared under either Continuous Light or Natural Photoperiod

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne M. Arnesen ◽  
Morten Halvorsen ◽  
Kjell J. Nilssen
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Direct Transfer ◽  
Seawater Tolerance ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
Muscle Water Content ◽  
Muscle Water

Two groups of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) were reared in freshwater (5–6 °C) under either continuous light (LDL) from first feeding (March) or LDL until July and then natural photoperiod (NDL, 70°N). Direct transfer to seawater (5.5 °C, 35 ppt) in February resulted in both groups exhibiting increases in blood plasma osmolality, Na+, and Mg2+ concentrations and a significant decrease in muscle water content. When tested in May, an improvement in seawater tolerance was evident in both groups. In June, only the NDL fish showed further improvements in hypoosmoregulatory capacity, since they exhibited only minor fluctuations in plasma constituents and muscle water content following direct transfer to seawater. Increased body size could partially explain the improved seawater tolerance in the experimental groups. Acclimation to brackish water prior to transfer to 35 ppt seawater in June improved seawater tolerance only in fish reared under continuous light. The results indicate that the seasonal increase in photoperiod stimulates the development of hypoosmoregulatory capacity whilst the fish are still resident in freshwater.

Seasonal changes in blood cells of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) from a high mountain lake

2000 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Hofer ◽  
Marion Stoll ◽  
Nikolaus Romani ◽  
Franz Koch ◽  
Holmer Sordyl
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Mountain Lake ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
High Mountain Lake

Failure to up-regulate gill Na+,K+-ATPase α-subunit isoform α1b may limit seawater tolerance of land-locked Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)

2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Bystriansky ◽  
N.T. Frick ◽  
J.G. Richards ◽  
P.M. Schulte ◽  
J.S. Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Seawater Tolerance

Seasonal changes of the gill epithelia of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from a high mountain lake

2000 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-307
Author(s):  
Rudolf Hofer ◽  
Michael Kühnl ◽  
Roland Psenner
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Mountain Lake ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
High Mountain Lake

First confirmation of salmonid alphavirus infection in Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus and in Austria

2018 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
E Lewisch ◽  
T Frank ◽  
H Soliman ◽  
O Schachner ◽  
A Friedl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Alphavirus Infection

Depth and temperature preference of anadromous Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus in the Kitikmeot Sea, a shallow and low-salinity area of the Canadian Arctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 634 ◽  
pp. 175-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
LN Harris ◽  
DJ Yurkowski ◽  
MJH Gilbert ◽  
BGT Else ◽  
PJ Duke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Low Salinity

scholarly journals Investigating the morphological and genetic divergence of arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus) populations in lakes of arctic Alaska

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Klobucar ◽  
Jessica A. Rick ◽  
Elizabeth G. Mandeville ◽  
Catherine E. Wagner ◽  
Phaedra Budy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Arctic Alaska

Influence of Parr Growth, Lake Morphology, and Freshwater Parasites on the Degree of Anadromy in Different Populations of Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) in Northern Norway

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1229-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Kristoffersen ◽  
Morten Halvorsen ◽  
Lisbeth Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Lake Morphology ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Profundal Zone

Anadromy of nine lake populations of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in northern Norway was scored on the following criteria: prevalence of marine parasites, fish size, and size at maturity. In general, anadromy dominated in shallow lakes and residency dominated in deep lakes. The anadromy scores of the populations were significantly higher in lakes without a profundal zone compared with lakes with a profundal zone. There was also a significant negative correlation between the relative volume of the profundal zone (RPV) and the degree of anadromy and between RPV and mean parr length at ages 2+ and 3+. However, differences in parr growth could not explain all the observed variation in anadromy, and the correlation between mean parr length at ages 2+ and 3+ and the degree of anadromy in the different populations was not significant. In addition to the effect on parr growth, lake morphology seemed to influence the degree of anadromy through the relative size of different habitats, which in turn affects the number of available niches. The parr weight/length relationship and infection with the freshwater parasites Phyllodistomum umblae and Diphyllobothrium spp. did not affect the degree of anadromy.

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