Changes in Maturity, Plasma Sex Steroid Levels, Hepatic Mixed-Function Oxygenase Activity, and the Presence of External Lesions in Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) Exposed to Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1560-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Munkittrick ◽  
M. E. McMaster ◽  
C. B. Portt ◽  
G. J. Van Der Kraak ◽  
I. R. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Mixed Function Oxygenase

Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) exposed to primary treated bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) had reduced gonadal development and increased liver size relative to two reference populations. These results parallel our previous work on the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) exposed to BKME at the same Lake Superior site. More detailed studies conducted in 1990, after the installation of an aeration stabilization basin at the pulp mill, found that lake whitefish exhibited reduced gonad sizes, delayed age to maturation, decreased levels of the plasma sex steroids testosterone and 17β-estradiol, and elevated hepatic mixed-function oxygenase (MFO) activity. Liver size was smaller following operation of the secondary treatment system. More than 20% of the lake whitefish collected at the BKME site in 1990 exhibited lateral, slash-like lesions which penetrated the body cavity. Histological examination revealed no evidence of an infectious etiology, and the wounds could not be accounted for by known causes. Similar lesions were found in 1991 near a second BKME discharge.

Reproductive Dysfunction and MFO Activity in Three Species of Fish Exposed to Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent at Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Munkittrick ◽  
G.J. Van Der Kraak ◽  
M.E. McMaster ◽  
C.B. Portt
Keyword(s):  
Pulp Mill ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Reproductive Dysfunction ◽  
Reproductive Regulation ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Longnose Sucker ◽  
Mixed Function Oxygenase

Abstract Our recent studies have demonstrated reproductive dysfunction in white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), longnose sucker (C. catostomus) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) populations exposed to bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME). Although all three species show elevated levels of hepatic mixed function oxygenase (MFO) activity and depressed circulating steroid levels, we have been unable to provide clear evidence of whether these two events are directly linked to whole organism changes. Although depressed steroid levels appear to be linked to delayed sexual maturity, changes in fecundity and reduced secondary sexual characteristics in white sucker and lake whitefish, longnose sucker show no impacts of reduced steroid levels on reproductive performance. Installation of secondary treatment at this pulp mill did not alleviate the steroidal dysfunction or MFO induction. However, samples collected after a two week maintenance shutdown showed a return to reference levels of MFO activity in both sexes and of steroid levels in male fish. The relationship between elevated MFO activity and depressed steroid levels is unclear, but detailed experiments suggest that the two phenomena are not directly linked. White sucker show depressed steroid production and impaired reproductive regulation independent of MFO activity.

Responses in a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Lifecycle Test and in Wild White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) Exposed to a Canadian Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Parrott ◽  
L. Mark Hewitt ◽  
Tibor G. Kovacs ◽  
Deborah L. MacLatchy ◽  
Pierre H. Martel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Abstract To evaluate currently available bioassays for their use in investigating the causes of pulp and paper mill effluent effects on fish reproduction, the responses of wild white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) collected from the receiving environment at the bleached kraft mill at La Tuque, Quebec, were compared with responses of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to effluent in a laboratory lifecycle test. White sucker collected at effluent exposed sites had increased liver size but none of the reproductive effects that had been documented in earlier field studies at this site. Exposure to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) in the lab led to significantly decreased length, but increased weight and liver size in male fathead minnow. Female length was also decreased and liver size was increased at high effluent exposures. Most effluent concentrations (1 to 30%) significantly increased egg production compared with controls. The fathead minnow lifecycle assay mirrored the effects seen in wild fish captured downstream of the BKME discharge. These results will be used to select short-term fish tests for investigating the causes of and solutions to the effects of mill effluents on fish reproduction.

STUDIES ON CESTODES OF THE GENUS TRIAENOPHORUS FROM FISH OF LESSER SLAVE LAKE, ALBERTA: IV. THE LIFE OF TRIAENOPHORUS CRASSUS FOREL IN THE SECOND INTERMEDIATE HOST

1945 ◽  
Vol 23d (4) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Pyloric Caeca ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
Second Intermediate Host

The plerocercoids of Triaenophorus crassus encyst normally in the flesh of fishes of the genus Leucichthys; the whitefishes, Coregonus clupeaformis and Prosopium oregonium, are common alternative hosts in Lesser Slave Lake. Elsewhere lake trout, Cristivomer namaycush, and possibly the inconnu, Stenodus leucichthys, may occasionally serve as hosts.The procercoids arrive in the stomach of their second intermediate host while in the body cavity of Cyclops bicuspidatus. When they are liberated by digestion, the majority apparently enter pyloric caeca, penetrate these, cross the body cavity, and enter the flesh, where encystment as the plerocercoid takes place. The evidence for these movements is only partial. The plerocercoids encyst in the flesh in July each year. They remain three or four years and then disappear by drying up or being reduced to small calcareous nodules.The number of plerocercoids per fish increases with the age of the fish up to five or six years.

Isolation and tentative identification of compound in bleached-kraft mill effluent capable of causing mixed-function oxygenase induction in fish

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2882-2887 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kent Burnison ◽  
Michael E. Comba ◽  
John H. Carey ◽  
Joanne Parrott ◽  
James P. Sherry
Keyword(s):  
Tentative Identification ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Mixed Function Oxygenase

Some Effects of Kraft Mill Effluent on Young Pacific Salmon

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Alderdice ◽  
J. R. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Oxygen Availability ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Oxygen Requirements

Sockeye salmon underyearlings (Oncorhynchus nerka) were exposed to various concentrations of full-bleach kraft mill effluent under experimental conditions simulating those anticipated in the estuary of the Somass River at the head of Alberni Inlet, B.C. An anticipated expanded production of a kraft pulp mill discharging effluent into this area was regarded as a potential source of pollution which could influence survival of young salmon migrating into and through the estuary. A 4.8% concentration of effluent by volume in sea-water of 20‰ salinity at 17.8 °C. was a limiting concentration for toxicity, below which survival was complete and independent of length of exposure. However, when oxygen requirements for respiration were considered and were compared with net oxygen availability after effluent oxidation in the area, the interaction of toxicity of the effluent and lowered oxygen availability suggests that the limiting concentration of effluent in this particular case be lowered from 4.8 to 2.5% effluent.

Use of Semipermeable Membrane Devices for Monitoring Pulp Mill Effluents: a Preliminary Assessment

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Rohr ◽  
E.R. Hall ◽  
K.J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Semipermeable Membrane ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Semipermeable Membrane Devices ◽  
Aquatic Pollutants ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Kraft Mill

Abstract The application of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to the monitoring of pulp mill effluents is described. SPMDs are comprised of triolein, a neutral lipid, enclosed by a low-density polymeric membrane, which together will concentrate hydrophobic aquatic pollutants. SPMDs were exposed under laboratory conditions to aqueous solutions of three model compounds with fish tainting propensity that are often found in kraft mill effluent. The model compounds were sequestered to varying extents by SPMDs during the laboratory exposures. A polar compound (guaiacol) did not appear to be amenable to monitoring by SPMDs. Static and continuous flow exposures to unbleached kraft mill effluent were also carried out, and many compounds were subsequently identified in the dialysates of exposed SPMDs. The uptake of these compounds was affected by the extent of biological treatment applied to the sample, the use of aeration during SPMD exposure, the wastewater concentration, and the exposure time. SPMDs were shown to be effective in sequestering candidate fish tainting compounds, thereby indicating their potential for application to aquatic off-flavour problems such as tainting of eulachon.

A bleached-kraft mill effluent fraction causing induction of a fish mixed-function oxygenase enzyme

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1524-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kent Burnison ◽  
Peter V. Hodson ◽  
Donna J. Nuttley ◽  
Sue Efler
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Mixed Function Oxygenase

scholarly journals The tapeworm Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) inhibits LH expression and puberty in its teleost host, Rutilus rutilus

Reproduction ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Carter ◽  
R Pierce ◽  
S Dufour ◽  
C Arme ◽  
D Hoole
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ligula Intestinalis ◽  
The Brain

The tapewormLigula intestinalisoccurs in the body cavity of its cyprinid second intermediate host, in this study the roachRutilus rutilus, and inhibits host gonadal development. The mechanism by which infected fish are prevented from reproducing is unknown. Comparison of parameters, such as body length and weight, and condition factor and age, between infected and uninfected individuals, indicated only minor effects of parasitism on growth and condition. In contrast, seasonal gonadal development, as observed in uninfected fish, did not occur in infected fish, and gonads remained small and blocked at the primary oocyte stage in female roach. As immature ovaries and testes are still present, the parasite is presumed to act upon the brain–pituitary–gonadal axis of the fish to inhibit further development of reproductive organs. We investigated theLigula/fish interaction at the level of the pituitary gland by determination of gonadotrophin (LH) content using a heterologous RIA for carp (Cyprinus carpio) LHβ subunit. The results indicated that the pituitary glands of infected roach contained approximately 50% less LH than non-infected fish. After the cloning and sequencing of roach LHβ subunit, we measured roach LHβ mRNA levels by real-time RT-PCR. A corresponding 50% reduction in LHβ mRNA pituitary levels was determined. These results reflect a significant and measurable effect of parasitism on the pituitary gland, and lend support to the hypothesis that excretory/secretory products released from the parasite interact with the brain–pituitary–gonadal axis of the fish host and thus inhibit gonadal development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document