B chromosomes and genome size in flowering plants

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Trivers ◽  
Austin Burt ◽  
Brian G Palestis
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Selfish Genetic Elements ◽  
Large Genomes

B chromosomes are extra chromosomes found in some, but not all, individuals within a species, often maintained by giving themselves an advantage in transmission, i.e. they drive. Here we show that the presence of B chromosomes correlates to and varies strongly and positively with total genome size (excluding the Bs and corrected for ploidy) both at a global level and via a comparison of independent taxonomic contrasts. B chromosomes are largely absent from species with small genomes; however, species with large genomes are studied more frequently than species with small genomes and Bs are more likely to be reported in well-studied species. We controlled for intensity of study using logistic regression. This regression analysis also included effects of degree of outbreeding, which is positively associated with Bs and genome size, and chromosome number, which is negatively associated with Bs and genome size, as well as variable ploidy (more than one ploidy level in a species). Genome size, breeding system and chromosome number all contribute independently to the distribution of B chromosomes, while variable ploidy does not have a significant effect. The genome size correlates are consistent with reduced selection against extra DNA in species with large genomes and with increased generation of B sequences from large A genomes.Key words: B chromosomes, genome size, selfish genetic elements, breeding system, ploidy.

scholarly journals A deep dive into the ancestral chromosome number and genome size of flowering plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
pp. 1097-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelino Carta ◽  
Gianni Bedini ◽  
Lorenzo Peruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Deep Dive ◽  
Ancestral Chromosome

Breeding system and genome size of the rhabdocoel turbellarian Mesostoma ehrenbergii

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. N. Hebert ◽  
Margaret J. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
New World ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Resting Eggs ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
European Populations

Rhabdocoel turbellarians, such as Mesostoma ehrenbergii, are hermaphrodites which produce both subitaneous and resting eggs. Both genotypic frequencies in natural populations as well as parent–offspring genotypes at a polymorphic allozyme locus confirm that, under natural conditions, M. ehrenbergii produces subitaneous eggs via self-fertilization and resting eggs probably by outcrossing. Chromosome counts show, contrary to an earlier report, that North American populations of the species possess the same chromosome number as European populations. However, other karyotypic differences do exist between Old World and New World populations. DNA quantification studies revealed that M. ehrenbergii possesses one of the largest haploid genome sizes (14.8 pg) yet reported for an invertebrate. Among organisms showing similar genome size, this species appears to be unique for its rapid developmental rate.Key words: Turbellaria, allozyme, breeding system, genome size, cytogenetics, selfing.

scholarly journals A deep dive into the ancestral chromosome number and genome size of flowering plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelino Carta ◽  
Gianni Bedini ◽  
Lorenzo Peruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
List Type ◽  
Deep Dive ◽  
Haploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Ancestral Chromosome ◽  
Genome Size Evolution

SummaryChromosome number and genome variation in flowering plants has stimulated a blossoming number of speculations about the ancestral chromosome number of angiosperms, but estimates so far remain equivocal.We used a probabilistic approach to model haploid chromosome number (n) changes along a phylogeny embracing more than 10 thousands taxa, to reconstruct the ancestral chromosome number of the common ancestor of extant angiosperms and the most recent common ancestor for single angiosperm families. Independently, we carried out an analysis of 1C genome size evolution, including over 5 thousands taxa.Our inferences revealed an ancestral haploid chromosome number for angiosperms n = 7, a diploid status, and an ancestral 1C = 1.73 pg. For 160 families, inferred ancestral n are provided for the first time.Both descending dysploidy and polyploidy played crucial roles in chromosome number evolution. While descending dysploidy is equally distributed early and late across the phylogeny, polyploidy is detected mainly towards the tips. Similarly, also 1C genome size significantly increases (or decreases) in late-branching lineages. Therefore, no evidence exists for a clear link between ancestral chromosome numbers and ancient polyploidization events, suggesting that further insights are needed to elucidate the organization of genome packaging into chromosomes.

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN SARANA, PENGETAHUAN, DAN SIKAP BIDAN PRAKTIK MANDIRI DENGAN KEPATUHAN MENJALANKAN STANDAR PELAYANAN ANTENATAL CARE DI KOTA PADANGSIDIMPUAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Megawati Sinambela ◽  
Evi Erianty Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The North

Antenatal care is a service provided to pregnant women to monitor, support maternal health and detect mothers whether normal or problematic pregnant women. According to the WHO, globally more than 70% of maternal deaths are caused by complications of pregnancy and childbirth such as hemorrhage, hypertension, sepsis, and abortion. Based on data obtained from the profile of the North Sumatra provincial health office in 2017, in the city of Padangsidimpuan in 2017 the coverage of ANC visits reached (76.58%) and had not reached the target in accordance with the 2017 Provincial Health Office strategy plan (95%). This type of research was an observational analytic study with a cross sectional design. The population in this study were independent practice midwives who were in the Padangsidimpuan, the sample in this study amounted to 102 respondents. The technique of collecting data used questionnaires and data analysis used univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression analysis. Based on bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between facilities, knowledge and attitudes of independent midwives with compliance with the standards of antenatal care services with a value of p <0.05. The results of the study with multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the factors associated with the compliance of independent midwives in carrying out antenatal care service standards were attitudes with values (p = 0.026).

Risk Factors of Recurrent Ischemic Events after Acute Noncardiogenic Ischemic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (45) ◽  
pp. 4827-4834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Zhang ◽  
Xingang Li ◽  
Dongzhi Wang ◽  
Hong Lv ◽  
Xuezhong Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Clopidogrel Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Events

Background: A considerable proportion of acute noncardiogenic ischemic stroke patients continue to experience recurrent ischemic events after standard therapy. Aim: We aimed to identify risk factors for recurrent ischemic event prediction at an early stage. Methods : 286 non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke patients with the onset of symptoms within 24 hours were enrolled. Vascular risk factors, routine laboratory data on admission, thromboelastography test seven days after clopidogrel therapy and any recurrent events within one year were assessed. Patients were divided into case group (patients with clinical adverse events, including ischemic stokes, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction and vascular related mortality) and control group (events-free patients). The risk of the recurrent ischemic events was determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Clinical adverse events were observed in 43 patients (case group). The mean levels of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Lymphocyte Count (LY) and Fibrinogen (Fib) on admission were significantly higher in the case group as compared to the control group (P<0.001). Seven days after clopidogrel therapy, the ADP-induced platelet inhibition rate (ADP%) level was lower in the case group, while the Maximum Amplitude (MA) level was higher in the case group as compared to the control group (P<0.01). The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve of LY, PLR, , Fib, MA, ADP% and MPV were 0.602, 0.614, 0.629, 0.770, 0.800 and 0.808, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that MPV, ADP% and MA were indeed predictive factors. Conclusion: MPV, ADP% and MA were risk factors of recurrent ischemic events after acute noncardiogenic ischemic stroke. Urgent assessment and individual drug therapy should be offered to these patients as soon as possible.

Perceptions of geographical indication labels as quality indicators inside and outside the labels’ area of influence: the case of spring fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rabadán Adrián ◽  
Martínez-Carrasco Laura ◽  
Brugarolas Margarita ◽  
Bernabéu Rodolfo
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Area Of Influence

Abstract Geographical indications (GIs) are valuable attributes that enhance the competitiveness of agri-food products, generate added value and revitalize rural environments. The aim of this work was to analyze the attributes spring fruit consumers associate with GIs when they decide to purchase these products. Moreover, the changes in these associations with the increasing distance between the region of production and the place of consumption were also evaluated. We specifically analyzed two GIs used for spring fruits: the protected geographical indication for Mountain Cherries from Alicante (Spain) and the protected designation of origin for Loquats from Callosa d'En Sarriá (Spain). Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The results show the significant association in consumers' minds between the preference for GI fruit and the importance attributed to the place of production (origin). The association of different attributes with the GI fruit label is product dependent as the number of attributes associated in the case of cherries (origin, organic, color and variety) is higher than for loquats (origin and variety). Regarding the distance between the production area and the place of consumption, our findings suggest that the closer the consumer is to the GI area of influence, the more attributes they associate with these labels. In this regard, increasing the knowledge of the GI labels beyond their area of influence could boost the demand for these products as consumers would be aware of the different quality attributes concentrated in that label.

scholarly journals Efficacy of flurbiprofen axetil for preventing postanesthetic shivering in patients undergoing gynecologic laparotomy surgeries

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Kotera
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Postoperative Pain Control ◽  
Flurbiprofen Axetil ◽  
Postanesthetic Shivering

Abstract Background Postanesthetic shivering is an unpleasant adverse event in surgical patients. A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug has been reported to be useful in preventing postanesthetic shivering in several previous studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of flurbiprofen axetil being a prodrug of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for preventing postanesthetic shivering in patients undergoing gynecologic laparotomy surgeries. Method This study is a retrospective observational study. I collected data from patients undergoing gynecologic laparotomy surgeries performed between October 1, 2019, and September 30, 2020, at Kumamoto City Hospital. All the patients were managed with general anesthesia with or without epidural analgesia. The administration of intravenous 50 mg flurbiprofen axetil for postoperative pain control at the end of the surgery was left to the individual anesthesiologist. The patients were divided into two groups: those who had received intravenous flurbiprofen axetil (flurbiprofen group) and those who had not received intravenous flurbiprofen axetil (non-flurbiprofen group), and I compared the frequency of postanesthetic shivering between the two groups. Additionally, the factors presumably associated with postanesthetic shivering were collected from the medical charts. Intergroup differences were assessed with the χ2 test with Yates’ correlation for continuity category variables. The Student’s t test was used to test for differences in continuous variables. Furthermore, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to elucidate the relationship between the administration of flurbiprofen axetil and the incidence of PAS. Results I retrospectively examined the cases of 141 patients aged 49 ± 13 (range 21-84) years old. The overall postanesthetic shivering rate was 21.3% (30 of the 141 patients). The frequency of postanesthetic shivering in the flurbiprofen group (n = 31) was 6.5%, which was significantly lower than that in the non-flurbiprofen group (n = 110), 25.5% (p value = 0.022). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that administration of flurbiprofen axetil was independently associated with a reduced incidence of postanesthetic shivering (odds ratio 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.66, p value = 0.015). Conclusions My result suggests that intraoperative 50 mg flurbiprofen axetil administration for postoperative pain control is useful to prevent postanesthetic shivering in patients undergoing gynecologic laparotomy surgeries.

scholarly journals Prior Admissions as a Risk Factor for Readmission in Patients Surgically Treated for Femur Fractures: Implications for a Potential Hip Fracture Bundle

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215145932199616
Author(s):  
Robert Erlichman ◽  
Nicholas Kolodychuk ◽  
Joseph N. Gabra ◽  
Harshitha Dudipala ◽  
Brook Maxhimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Fracture Care ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Payment Models

Introduction: Hip fractures are a significant economic burden to our healthcare system. As there have been efforts made to create an alternative payment model for hip fracture care, it will be imperative to risk-stratify reimbursement for these medically comorbid patients. We hypothesized that patients readmitted to the hospital within 90 days would be more likely to have a recent previous hospital admission, prior to their injury. Patients with a recent prior admission could therefore be considered higher risk for readmission and increased cost. Methods: A retrospective chart review identified 598 patients who underwent surgical fixation of a hip or femur fracture. Data on readmissions within 90 days of surgical procedure and previous admissions in the year prior to injury resulting in surgical procedure were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine if recent prior admission had increased risk of 90-day readmission. A subgroup analysis of geriatric hip fractures and of readmitted patients were also performed. Results: Having a prior admission within one year was significantly associated (p < 0.0001) for 90-day readmission. Specifically, logistic regression analysis revealed that a prior admission was significantly associated with 90-day readmission with an odds ratio of 7.2 (95% CI: 4.8-10.9). Discussion: This patient population has a high rate of prior hospital admissions, and these prior admissions were predictive of 90-day readmission. Alternative payment models that include penalties for readmissions or fail to apply robust risk stratification may unjustly penalize hospital systems which care for more medically complex patients. Conclusions: Hip fracture patients with a recent prior admission to the hospital are at an increased risk for 90-day readmission. This information should be considered as alternative payment models are developed for hip fracture care.

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