Genetics of reciprocal differences for quantitative characters in wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Patel ◽  
K. S. Bains
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Disomic Inheritance ◽  
Reciprocal Differences ◽  
Progeny Genotype

Reciprocal differences for days to flowering, plant height, number of grains per plant, and 100-grain weight were analysed following the analysis of 40 reciprocal generation means of a bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) cross 'WG 377' × 'Sonalika.' For all traits, none of the earlier fitted models of disomic inheritance to the 21 averaged means was adequate. For number of grains per spike, responsible sources of reciprocal differences were progeny and maternal line genotypes, and maternal × paternal interaction effects. For days to flowering, in addition to these sources, maternal epistasis, maternal × progeny genotype, and cytoplasm × nuclear gene interactions were responsible. For plant height and 100-grain weight, all the sources of former two characters were important. Further, contribution of the progeny genotype was maximum and duplicate type of epistasis in the progeny genotype was observed for all characters. Neither the cytoplasmic inheritance nor the maternal effects was exclusively operating for the present material. The results have been discussed considering all the sources of reciprocal differences.Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat, reciprocal differences, genetics, nucleocytoplasmic interactions.

scholarly journals ESTIMATING VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY, AND GENETIC ADVANCE OF RICE GENOTYPES IN MID-HILLS OF NEPAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Sashi Lamichhane ◽  
Nav Raj Adhikari ◽  
Bishwas K.C. ◽  
Sapana Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Improvement Programs

<p>Rice is an essential staple food in Nepal but researches and varietal improvement programs are rarely carried out due to inadequate variability study. The field study was carried to diagnose the influence of genetic and environmental factors on yield traits to aid future rice breeding programs. Twelve genotypes were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications from July to November 2019 at the research field of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, in the hilly area of Nepal. Analysis of variance showed significant difference for days to 50% booting, days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, flag leaf area, filled grains per panicle, unfilled grains per panicle, fertility percentage, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, straw yield, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and harvesting index indicating the presence of variation in genotypes. LPN BR-1615 was the most promising genotype in grain yield. The values of Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for each trait and low difference between them was found for days to 50% booting, days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, grain yield, thousand-grain weight, fertility percentage, and harvesting index. Plant height, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, and grain yield showed high heritability (i.e. 93.2%, 60.5% and 92.6%, respectively) and higher genetic advance as percentage of mean (i.e. 46.5, 34.6 and 50.1, respectively) . Thus, the experiment revealed that selections favoring plant height, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, and grain yield would help in effective breeding programs of rice in future.</p>

scholarly journals Allelic Variations in 5' UTR of TaAFP-B Effecting the Seed Dormancy and Other Agronomic Traits in Transgenic Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yumei ◽  
Han Yang ◽  
Han Bing ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Yanping Xing
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Aba Insensitive ◽  
Transcript Expression Level

Abstract BackgroundTaAFP (Triticum aestivum L. ABA insensitive five binding protein) is the homology of AFP of Arabidopsis thaliana which was a negative regulator in ABA signaling and regulated embryo germination and seed dormancy. TaABI5 (Triticum aestivum L. ABA insensitive five) gene was seed-specific, and accumulated during wheat grain maturation and dormancy acquisition, which played an important role in seed dormancy. In our previous study, two allelic variants of TaAFP were identified on chromosome 2BS in common wheat, and designated as TaAFP-B1a and TaAFP-B1b. Sequence analysis showed a 4-bp insertion in the 5’UTR region of TaAFP-B1a compared with TaAFP-B1b, which affected the mRNA transcription level, mRNA decay, translation levels of GUS and tdTomatoER, GUS activity, and was significantly associated with seed dormancy in common wheat. ResultsThe results of transgenic wheats showed that: the genotypes of average GI values, plant height, grain weight of hundred and rough of second and third stem node are all significantly more in pUbi-TaAFP-BaS transformed wheat plants than in pUbi-TaAFP-BbS transformed ones, but transcript expression level. ConclusionAbove all dates indicated that the 4-bp insertion in the 5'UTR of TaAFP-B decreased the transcript expression level of TaAFP-B and the PHS resistance, and increased the plant height, grain weight of hundred and lodging resistance in this system of over expression transgenic wheat.

scholarly journals Study on Genotypic Response and Correlation Analysis of the Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Different Barley (Hordeum Vulgare) Genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
Deepak Vitrakoti ◽  
Sheetal Aryal ◽  
Santosh Rasaily ◽  
Bishnu Raj Ojha ◽  
Raju Kharel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Peduncle Length

Barley, being a tremendous opportunities crop, we are far back regarding study, research and utilization. An experiment was conducted 2014-2015 to evaluate the barley genotypes for their yield attributing traits and correlation and causation. Eleven yield contributing traits viz., days to booting, heading and flowering; peduncle length, spike length, plant height, flag leaf area, flag leaf-1 area, thousand grain weight, biological weight and yield per hectare were recorded. High significant variation among genotypes was found for traits under study. Genotypes SBYT3-13#1115 (1960 kg), 14-SB-NAK-MR#17 (1760 kg) and AM POP#26 (1660 kg) were found to be superior for their per se performance based on grain yield per hectare, yield attributing and other quantitative traits. Thousand grains weight (0.333) had positively highest significant correlation with grain yield per hectare followed by spike length (0.310). Grain yield per hectare showed negative highly significant correlation with days to flowering (-0.796) followed by days to heading (-0.761) and days to booting (-0.663). Peduncle length (0.229), plant height (0.226), biological weight (0.181) and flag leaf area (0.032) were positively correlated with grain yield per hectare while flag leaf-1 area(-0.029) was negatively correlated. Thus, selection for genotypes with higher thousand grain weight and spike length accommodating earlier days to flowering, heading and booting is a prerequisite for attaining improvement in grain yield per hectare.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 529-536

scholarly journals Heritability and combining ability of vegetative growth and phenological development of diallel crosses of rapeseed

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Hafsa Naheed ◽  
R Raziuddin ◽  
Sana Abid ◽  
Quahir Sohail ◽  
Ghulam Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Days To Flowering

To estimate combining ability and heritability of F2 populations of 4 x 4 full diallel crosses and parents, an experiment was carried out at The University of Agriculture, during 2012-2013. Four parental lines and F2 populations of six direct and six reciprocal crosses were planted in the experiment using RCB design. Data were recorded on phenological and vegetative growth traits: Days to flowering, plant height, main stem length, main raceme length, primary branches, and days to maturity. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation among genotypes for all the parameters studied. The results of combining ability analysis showed that general combining ability (GCA) was highly significant for primary branches plant-1, significant for plant height and days to physiological maturity and non-significant for the remaining traits. Specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal effects (RE) were significant for plant height, days to flowering, main raceme length and days to physiological maturity. Genotype AUP-401 was best general combiner for main raceme length, primary branches plant-1 and days to physiological maturity. Among the crosses, AUP-404 x AUP-402 was best specific combiner for plant height, days to flowering and main stem length. Broad sense heritability was high (>70%) for plant height, main stem length and primary branches. Moderate heritability was observed for main raceme length, days to 50% flowering and days to physiological maturity. The variance components of SCA were greater than respective GCA components of all the characters signifying the presence of non- additive genetic effects in transfer of these traits and selection in the later generations should be practiced for improvement of these traits.

scholarly journals Genotypic Selection for Soybean Earliness

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Flaviane O. Ribeiro ◽  
Adriano T. Bruzi ◽  
Mariane C. Bianchi ◽  
Igor O. Soares ◽  
Karina B. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection For

Obtaining early-maturing soybean cultivars with high yield performance has long been the focus of breeding programs. Obtaining the estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters can assist breeders at selecting the superior genotypes. Therefore, the aim was to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters of progenies throughout the recurrent selection for early maturity in soybeans and to select progenies with superior agronomic traits. S0:1 progenies were evaluated in one site during the 2015/2016 harvest using a 12 &times; 12 lattice design, with one 2-meter row plot with two replicates. The S0:2 progenies were evaluated during the 2016/2017 harvest using an 8 &times; 8 lattice design, with one 3-meter row plot with three replicates. The S0:3 progenies were evaluated during the 2017/2018 harvest using a 5 &times; 5 lattice design, with two 3-meter rows plots with three replicates. Both S0:2 and S0:3 progenies were evaluated in three different sites. The days to flowering, full maturity, first pod insertion height, plant height, lodging index and grain yield traits was evaluated. The data were analyzed using a mixed model approach. The genetic and phenotypic parameters, expected gain with selection, realized heritability, correlated response and the frequency distributions of the adjusted means were estimated. The estimates of the variance components have evidenced variability among the progenies, enabling the selection of superior genotypes. All the evaluated progenies showed good agronomic performance, combining early maturity and productive performance. When early-maturing progenies were selected, there was a reduction in days to flowering, plant height, first pod insertion height, lodging and yield.

Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling agronomic traits in the spring wheat cross RL4452 × 'AC Domain'

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 870-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A McCartney ◽  
D J Somers ◽  
D G Humphreys ◽  
O Lukow ◽  
N Ames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Relatively little is known about the genetic control of agronomic traits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) compared with traits that follow Mendelian segregation patterns. A doubled-haploid population was generated from the cross RL4452 × 'AC Domain' to study the inheritance of the agronomic traits: plant height, time to maturity, lodging, grain yield, test weight, and 1000-grain weight. This cross includes the genetics of 2 western Canadian wheat marketing classes. Composite interval mapping was conducted with a microsatellite linkage map, incorporating 369 loci, and phenotypic data from multiple Manitoba environments. The plant height quantitative trait loci (QTLs), QHt.crc-4B and QHt.crc-4D, mapped to the expected locations of Rht-B1 and Rht-D1. These QTLs were responsible for most of the variation in plant height and were associated with other agronomic traits. An additional 25 agronomic QTLs were detected in the RL4452 × 'AC Domain' population beyond those associated with QHt.crc-4B and QHt.crc-4D. 'AC Domain' contributed 4 alleles for early maturity, including a major time to maturity QTL on 7D. RL4452 contributed 2 major alleles for increased grain yield at QYld.crc-2B and QYld.crc-4A, which are potential targets for marker-assisted selection. A key test weight QTL was detected on 3B and prominent 1000-grain weight QTLs were identified on 3D and 4A.Key words: height, lodging, mapping, maturity, microsatellite markers, test weight, 1000-grain weight, Triticum aestivum, wheat, yield.

scholarly journals Estimation of genetic variability, heritability and correlation for some quantitative traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
FMA Haydar ◽  
MS Ahamed ◽  
AB Siddique ◽  
GM Uddin ◽  
KL Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Coefficients Of Variations

Seventeen genotypes of wheat were used in this study the results showed significant differences in respect of yield and other yield contributing characters. Highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations were observed in plant height and lowest values were observed in spike length in both cases.Heritability estimated was found to be high in case of grain yield/plant and this was followed by 100 grain weight. Significant positive correlation was found in plant height with number of fertile tillers/plant and grain yield/plant, fertile tillers/plant with spike length, spike length with grain yield and grain yield with 100 grain weight. Negative correlation was found in plant height with 100 grain weight. Plant height, fertile tillers/plant, spike length and 100 grain weight appeared to be the effective criteria for improvement of yield of wheat. J. bio-sci. 28: 81-86, 2020

scholarly journals Performance and gene effects for wheat yield under inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and Azotobacter chroococcum

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Singh ◽  
R.K. Behl ◽  
K.P. Singh ◽  
P. Jain ◽  
N. Narula
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
The Impact

The present investigation was conducted to know the impact of bio-inoculants in low input field conditions on the magnitude and direction of gene effects and mean performance of some morphological and productivity traits in three wheat cultivars WH 147 (medium mineral input), WH 533 (drought tolerant), Raj 3077 (drought tolerant) and six generations namely P<sub>1</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>, F<sub>1</sub>, F<sub>2</sub>, BC<sub>1</sub> and BC<sub>2</sub> of three crosses i.e. WH 147 &times; WH 533, WH 533 &times; Raj 3077 and WH&nbsp;147 &times; Raj 3077. The experiment was conducted in randomised block design with three replications and three treatments i.e. control (C, without inoculation), inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF, Glomus fasciculatum), and AMF + Azotobacter chroococcum (Azc). Mineral fertilizer (80 kg N/ha + 40 kg P/ha + 18 kg ZnSO<sub>4</sub>/ha) was applied in all the three treatments. The application of bio-inoculants, AMF and AMF + Azc had a positive effect on plant height, peduncle length, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index in various populations of all the crosses. However, in some of the generations the impact of bio-inoculants was insignificant. The joint scaling test revealed that additive-dominance gene effects were mainly operative in governing expression of peduncle length, tillers per plant, plant height, grains/spike, grain yield and all traits except days to flowering and harvest index in crosses WH&nbsp;147 &times; WH 533 and WH 533 &times; Raj 3077. The application of bioinoculants influenced gene effects for days to flowering, days to maturity, flag leaf area, spike length, grains/spike, 1000 grain weight and harvest index where complex genetic interactions were changed to simple additive-dominance gene effects in the cross WH 147 &times; Raj 3077. Likewise, additive-dominance gene effects were altered and digenic interactions exhibited for days to maturity, flag leaf area in WH&nbsp;147 &times; WH 533 and days to flowering, plant height, flag leaf area in WH 533 &times; Raj 3077. Flag leaf area and plant height were governed by additive gene effects while for days to maturity and 1000-grain weight both additive and dominance gene effect were important. Duplicate epistasis was important in all the three crosses for days to flowering and harvest index and in the cross WH 147 &times; Raj 3077 for grain weight grains per spike and flag leaf area. &nbsp;

scholarly journals On Farm Testing of Rice Residue Management Techniques for Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Establishment in Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Alok Gupta ◽  
Pritpal Singh ◽  
Gurdeep Singh ◽  
Bhallan Singh Sekhon ◽  
Gurjinder Pal Singh Sodhi
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Residue Incorporation ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Rice residue management (RRM) has been the key component of systems’ sustainability. The paper reports the effect of different RRM and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) establishment methods on productivity and yield contributing attributes through farmer participatory mode in south-western Punjab. Different RRM technologies including rice residue removal, residue incorporation and residue retention on soil as surface mulch were evaluated. Wheat grain yield was significantly (p<0.05) higher with happy seeder method of wheat establishment following chopping of loose rice stubble, which acts as surface mulch, compared with the other RRM technologies. Wheat grain yield in other RRM technologies viz. rice residue incorporation and removal did not differ significantly. The yield contributing attributes viz. plant height, number of effective tillers m-1 row length, 1000-grain weight, ear length and the number of grains ear-1 were significantly higher in happy seeder method of wheat establishment. The weed count (Phalaris minor) was significantly lower than the other compared methods of RRM. The correlation matrix exhibited a linear positive relationship between the grain yield and plant height (r=0.951*; p<0.05), ear length (r=0.941*), 1000-grain weight (r=0.853*) and number of grains ear-1 (r=0.771*). All economic indices viz. average net (Rs. 74, 840/- ha-1), gross returns (Rs. 1,00,620/- ha-1) and benefit-cost (B:C; 3.9) ratio were significantly enhanced because of low cost of cultivation (Rs. 25,780/- ha-1) under happy seeder method of wheat establishment.

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