Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster: the elimination of P elements through repeated backcrossing to an M-type strain

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen G. Good ◽  
Donal A. Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
P Element ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Element Activity ◽  
Equivalent Reduction ◽  
Replicative Transposition

The rapid increase in the frequency of P elements in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster has led to the suggestion that these elements can spread in nature through replicative transposition. In an attempt to model the introduction of a small number of P flies into an M population we backcrossed P flies and their offspring to M flies. Two components of dysgenesis, P element activity and P element copy number (measured by DNA hybridization), were monitored each generation. In these experiments P elements were not capable of spreading rapidly enough to maintain 30–50 copies per fly and were rapidly lost from the population. We also found that the reduction in a fly's ability to induce gonadal dysgenesis was matched by an equivalent reduction in P element copy number as measured by DNA hybridization. These results are discussed in terms of the conventional mechanisms of selection or segregation; the conclusion is that there are conditions under which P elements can be lost from a population. Key words: hybrid dysgenesis, P element, transposable elements, Drosophila.

scholarly journals Amplification of KP elements associated with the repression of hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1013
Author(s):  
M S Jackson ◽  
D M Black ◽  
G A Dover
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
P Element ◽  
Deletion Derivative ◽  
P Elements ◽  
The Way

Abstract Mobile P elements in Drosophila melanogaster cause hybrid dysgenesis if their mobility is not repressed. One type of repression, termed P cytotype, is a complex interaction between chromosomes carrying P elements and cytoplasm and is transmitted through the cytoplasm only of females. Another type of repression is found in worldwide M' strains that contain approximately 30 copies per individual of one particular P element deletion-derivative termed the KP element. This repression is transmitted equally through both sexes. In the present study we show that biparentally transmitted repression increases in magnitude together with a rapid increase in KP copy-number in genotypes starting with one or a few KP elements and no other deletion-derivatives. Such correlated increases in repression and KP number per genome occur only in the presence of complete P elements, supporting the interpretation that they are probably a consequence of the selective advantage enjoyed by flies carrying the highest numbers of KP elements. Analysis of Q strains also reveals the presence of qualitative differences in the way the repression of dysgenesis is transmitted. In general, Q strains not containing KP elements have the P cytotype mode of repression, whereas Q strains with KP elements transmit repression through both sexes. This difference among Q strains further supports the existence of at least two types of repression of P-induced hybrid dysgenesis in natural populations of D. melanogaster.

scholarly journals Accumulation of P elements in minority inversions in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F. Eanes ◽  
Cedric Wesley ◽  
Brian Charlesworth
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
P Element ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Chromosomal Inversions ◽  
Associated Production ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Parameter Values

SummaryThe accumulation of a transposable element inside chromosomal inversions is examined theoretically by a mathematical model, and empirically by counts of P elements associated with inversion polymorphisms in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. The model demonstrates that, if heterozygosity for an inversion effectively reduces element associated production of detrimental chromosome rearrangements, a differential accumulation of elements is expected, with increased copy number inside the minority inversion. Several-fold differential accumulations are possible with certain parameter values. We present data on P element counts for inversion polymorphisms on all five chromosome arms of 157 haploid genomes from two African populations. Our observations show significantly increased numbers of elements within the regions associated with the least common, or minority arrangements, in natural inversion polymorphisms.

scholarly journals Localization of P elements, copy number regulation, and cytotype determination in Drosophila melanogaster

1990 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Biémont ◽  
S. Ronsseray ◽  
D. Anxolabéhère ◽  
H. Izaabel ◽  
C. Gautier
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
P Element ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Element Activity ◽  
Copy Number Regulation

SummarySeventeen highly-inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster extracted from an M′ strain (in the P/M system of hybrid dysgenesis) were studied for their cytotype and the number and chromosomal location of complete and defective P elements. While most lines were of M cytotype, three presented a P cytotype (the condition that represses P-element activity) and one was intermediate between M and P. All lines were found to possess K.P elements and only eight to bear full-sized P elements. Only the lines with full-sized P elements showed detectable changes in their P-insertion pattern over generations; their rates of gain and of loss of P-element sites were equal to 0·12 and 0·09 per genome, per generation, respectively. There was no correlation between these two rates within lines, suggesting independent transpositions and excisions in the inbred genomes. The results of both Southern blot analysis and in situ hybridization of probes made from left and right sides of the P element strongly suggested the presence of a putative complete P element in region 1A of the X chromosome in the three lines with a P cytotype; the absence of P copy in this 1A region in lines with an M cytotype, favours the hypothesis that the P element inserted in 1A could play a major role in the P-cytotype determination. Insertion of a defective 2 kb P element was also observed in region 93F in 9 of the 13 M lines. The regulation of the P-element copy number in our lines appeared not to be associated with the ratio of full-length and defective P elements.

scholarly journals Disgenesia do híbrido em populações naturais de Drosophila melanogaster.

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chirlei Cintia Klein ◽  
Liliana Essi ◽  
Ronaldo Medeiros Golombieski ◽  
Élgion Lúcio da Silva Loreto
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
P Element ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Regulatory Capacity ◽  
Element Activity

Hybrid dysgenesis has been defined as a remarkable syndrome of correlated genetic traits that are produced in some particular crosses between certain strains. The present study main objective was classify recently collected Drosophila melanogaster strains in relation to P element activity and regulatory capacity. Our results to natural populations trapped from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and Colombia shows that it fell on Q class, since all examinated strains has showed P elements by molecular analysis and low P activity. In the same way, these strains shows low susceptibility to P element action. The bigger values found in the colombian population are in agreement with the clinal hypothesis to P element activity.

scholarly journals Hybrid dysgenesis in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster in Japan. II. Strains which cannot induce P-M dysgenesis may completely suppress functional P element activity

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuko Hagiwara ◽  
Etsuko Nakamura ◽  
Etsuko T. Matsuura ◽  
Sadao I. Chigusa
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
P Element ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Secondary Mutation ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Isofemale Lines ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Element Activity

SummaryMany inbred and isofemale lines derived from wild populations of Drosophila melanogaster were tested for gonadal dysgenic sterility, male recombination and snw secondary mutation. Among them, we have found strains whose dysgenic offspring show negligible sterility, and undetectable male recombination and snw mutation. They can be considered to be neutral strains in the strict sense. Such neutral strains appear to carry only defective P elements in their genomes. Taking the observations of Karess & Rubin (1984) into account, it is suggested that some defective P elements retain the function necessary for P cytotype. Cytotype determination mechanisms are discussed.

scholarly journals The Regulatory Properties of Autonomous Subtelomeric P Elements Are Sensitive to a Suppressor of variegation in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 1663-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Ronsseray ◽  
Monique Lehmann ◽  
Danielle Nouaud ◽  
Dominique Anxolabéhère
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
P Element ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Heterochromatin Protein 1 ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Associated Sequences ◽  
Regulatory Properties

Abstract Genetic recombination was used in Drosophila melanogaster to isolate P elements, inserted at the telomeres of X chromosomes (cytological site 1A) from natural populations, in a genetic background devoid of other P elements. We show that complete maternally inherited P repression in the germline (P cytotype) can be elicited by only two autonomous P elements at 1A and that a single element at this site has partial regulatory properties. The analysis of the surrounding chromosomal regions of the P elements at 1A shows that in all cases these elements are flanked by Telomeric Associated Sequences, tandemly repetitive noncoding sequences that have properties of heterochromatin. In addition, we show that the regulatory properties of P elements at 1A can be inhibited by some of the mutant alleles of the Su(var)205 gene and by a deficiency of this gene. However, the regulatory properties of reference P strains (Harwich and Texas 007) are not impaired by Su(var)205 mutations. Su(var)205 encodes Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1). These results suggest that the HP1 dosage effect on the P element properties is sitedependent and could involve the structure of the chromatin.

scholarly journals A particular P-element insertion is correlated to the P-induced hybrid dysgenesis repression in Drosophila melanogaster

1992 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Higuet ◽  
Dominique Anxolabéhére ◽  
Danielle Nouaud
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
P Element ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Element Insertion ◽  
Element Number

SummaryTransposable P elements in Drosophila melanogaster cause hybrid dysgenesis if their mobility is not repressed. The ability to regulate the dysgenic activity of the P elements depends on several mechanisms, one of which hypothesized that a particular deleted P element (the KP element) results in a non-susceptibility which is biparentally transmitted. In this study totally nonsusceptible lines, and susceptible lines containing exclusively KP elements (IINS2 line and IIS2 line) were isolated from a M' strain. We show that non-susceptibility is correlated with a particular insertion of one KP element located at the cytological site 47D1. The repression ability of the GD sterility is determined by a recessive chromosomal factor, and cannot be due to the KP-element number. Here the repression of the P mobility is associated with reduction of the P transcripts and the inhibition of P promoter activity.

scholarly journals Comparison of the regulation of P elements in M and M′ strains of Drosophila melanogaster

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Ronsseray ◽  
Monique Lehmann ◽  
Georges Periquet
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
P Factor ◽  
P Type

SummaryM and M′ strains of Drosophila melanogaster in the P-M system of hybrid dysgenesis were compared in two series of tests, with the following results. (1) The singed-weak hypermutability regulation test showed that M′ strains had lower P excision rates than M strains, suggesting that P-elements repression must occur in M′ strains although it is not detectable by gonadal dysgenesis assays. (2) The evolution of mixed P + M and mixed P + M′ populations was compared, using a strong P strain. The P + M cultures invariably evolved in a few generations into strong P cultures, while the P + M′ cultures evolved into P-type cultures with reduced P-factor potentials. However, after 30 generations of culture, both these types of mixed cultures had similar P copy numbers, suggesting that regulation of copy number had occurred in them.

scholarly journals Repression of P element-mediated hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Simmons ◽  
J D Raymond ◽  
K E Rasmusson ◽  
L M Miller ◽  
C F McLarnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
P Element ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Hybrid Offspring ◽  
Element Movement

Abstract Inbred lines derived from a strain called Sexi were analyzed for their abilities to repress P element-mediated gonadal dysgenesis. One line had high repression ability, four had intermediate ability and two had very low ability. The four intermediate lines also exhibited considerable within-line variation for this trait; furthermore, in at least two cases, this variation could not be attributed to recurring P element movement. Repression of gonadal dysgenesis in the hybrid offspring of all seven lines was due primarily to a maternal effect; there was no evidence for repression arising de novo in the hybrids themselves. In one of the lines, repression ability was inherited maternally, indicating the involvement of cytoplasmic factors. In three other lines, repression ability appeared to be determined by partially dominant or additive chromosomal factors; however, there was also evidence for a maternal effect that reduced the expression of these factors in at least two of the lines. In another line, repression ability seemed to be due to recessive chromosomal factors. All seven lines possessed numerous copies of a particular P element, called KP, which has been hypothesized to produce a polypeptide repressor of gonadal dysgenesis. This hypothesis, however, does not explain why the inbred Sexi lines varied so much in their repression abilities. It is suggested that some of this variation may be due to differences in the chromosomal position of the KP elements, or that other nonautonomous P elements are involved in the repression of hybrid dysgenesis in these lines.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document