Polytene chromosome relationships of five species of the Anopheles dirus complex in Thailand

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anan Poopittayasataporn ◽  
Visut Baimai
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Anopheles Dirus ◽  
Structural Conformation ◽  
Salivary Gland Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
And Inversion ◽  
Paracentric Inversions

Photographic maps and rearrangements of each salivary gland polytene chromosome arm of Anopheles nemophilous (species F) and of An. dirus species A, B, C, and D of the Dirus group from natural populations in Thailand are presented. Structural conformation of heterokaryotypes and comparison of chromosome banding sequences reveal 10 paracentric inversions. The data on fixed inversion of 3Rb and inversion polymorphism of the X chromosome shared by these species were used to construct a phylogeny of the five members of the An. dirus complex, thereby outlining their patterns of speciation through chromosomal rearrangements.Key words: polytene chromosome rearrangements, Anopheles dirus, phylogeny.

GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION OF THE CHROMOSOMAL POLYMORPHISM IN DROSOPHILA FLAVOPILOSA

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danko Brncic
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Paracentric Inversions

Natural populations of the Chilean species Drosophila flavopilosa Frey are polymorphic for the banding sequences in the fifth chromosome due to the existence of four paracentric inversions. Qualitative analysis of the polymorphism demonstrated that there are seasonal fluctuations and geographic variations of two kinds: altitudinal gradients and a north-south gradient. In addition, the northernmost and southernmost samples examined are polymorphic only for one inversion (inversion "B"). In the light of previous experimental evidence, it was concluded that the seasonal fluctuations and elevational differences are probably controlled by weather conditions, especially temperature. However, the observed differences between the central and marginal populations require another type of interpretation, similar to that postulated for other species that exhibit the same pattern of chromosomal variation. A photomicrographic map of the Standard banding pattern of the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of D. flavopilosa is presented.

Polytene chromosome mapping in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Bedo
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Mapping ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Characteristic Features

Polytene chromosome reference maps of the five autosomes of Ceratitis capitata from male pupal orbital bristle trichogen cells are presented and a correlation is established between two of them and the two largest of the five autosomes in the haploid mitotic complement. Characteristic features of each chromosome are described identifying areas that are difficult to analyze and noting the existence of common alternative band expression. A quantitative analysis of the mitotic karyotype of C. capitata indicates that the two smallest autosome pairs cannot be reliably distinguished. This may present problems with future attempts to establish homologies between the remaining mitotic and polytene chromosomes. A comparison of polytene chromosome banding patterns from salivary gland and trichogen cells failed to find any homologous regions, or even to identify homologous chromosomes. The banding differences are not explained by variation in puffing patterns, heterochromatin expression, or polyteny levels, but appear to reflect fundamental differences in banding patterns of the chromosomes in each tissue. Key words: Ceratitis capitata, polytene chromosome map, mitotic chromosome measurements.

scholarly journals A prospective study of inversion polymorphism in natural populations of two Drosophila species from eastern Mexico

Genetika ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Salceda
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drosophila Species ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grand Total ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
And Inversion

Relative frequencies for heterozygous inversions in nine populations of D. nebulosa and six of D. willistoni were analyzed. The analysis corresponds to a grand total of 1828 arm chromosomes in which their genotype were determined, of them 404 correspond for each one of the two polymorphic chromosomes, X and III, of D. nebulosa and 204 per chromosome arm in D. willistoni. The more abundant inversions, according to their relative frequencies in D. nebulosa were the XL inversion with 7.9 % and inversion ?A? in the third chromosome with 15.6 %, the remaining inversion found did not reach the ten percent. In the case of D. willistoni the more frequent inversions were for the XL arm inversions ?A? and ?D? with 13.7 and 12.2 percent respectively the remaining five did not reach a ten percent; in the XR arm the higher frequencies were for inversions ?D? and ?E? with 9.3 % each been the other four inversions with values less than five percent; in the IIL arm none of the seven inversions registered had values higher than six percent; inversion ?E? in the IIR arm showed a frequency of 24.5 % and the five remaining barely reached a frequency of 5 %; among the 12 different inversions recorded in the third chromosome, only inversion ?B? surpassed the ten percent in this case with 16.1 %. We must mention that the Standar sequence in all cases, for both species, always had high frequencies as shown in Tables II and III. The corresponding variability for this characteristic is for D. nebulosa 61.4 %.and 72.2% for D.willitoni. Concerning other parameter observed we have the average number of inversions per female in our case for D. nebulosa was 1.4 and for D. willistoni 3.6 which indicate the both species are marginal with respect to the distribution of this character in both species since in the central areas of distribution reach values up to nine inversions per female.

TRIPLOIDY IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF THE BLACK FLY CNEPHIA MUTATA (MALLOCH)

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Basrur ◽  
K. H. Rothfels
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Exchange ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Standard Sequence

Populations of Cnephia mutata in southern Ontario contain both diploid and triploid individuals. The diploid form is bisexual and lacks chromosomal polymorphism except for a rearrangement involved in its cytological sex determining mechanism. The triploids are parthenogenetic; they produce female progeny only and are highly heterozygous for inversions. The banding pattern of the salivary gland chromosomes of diploids and triploids is very similar; the identical standard sequence occurs in both. The complete lack of autosomal inversions in diploids contrasted with their abundance in triploids indicates that effective genetic exchange does not occur between the two forms; they are reproductively completely isolated, although opportunity for cross-mating would seem to exist. The origin of polyploid parthenogenetic forms in black flies is discussed and the view is favored that they are autopolyploid and automictic.

HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN THE NEARCTIC ANOPHELES PUNCTIPENNIS AND THE PALEARCTIC ANOPHELES ATROPARVUS

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
Richard D. Kreutzer
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Inverted Region ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Homology ◽  
Anopheles Atroparvus ◽  
Palearctic Species ◽  
High Level

Interspecific crosses were made between the Palearctic species Anopheles atroparvus Van Thiel and the Nearctic species A. punctipennis Say. Except for most of the X chromosomes, an inverted region in 3R, and band intensity differences the salivary gland chromosome banding patterns are the same in both species. Despite this high level of chromosomal homology very little synapsis of identically banded regions was observed in hybrid complements. This asynapsis and the fact that no adults were produced from either the cross or the reciprocal indicate that there are significant genetic differences between the species.

Population cytogenetic studies on Simulium feuerborni Edwards (Diptera: Simuliidae) from northern Thailand

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaliow Kuvangkadilok ◽  
Suwannee Phayuhasena ◽  
Visut Baimai
Keyword(s):  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Larval Salivary Gland ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Chiang Mai Province ◽  
Chromosome I ◽  
Paracentric Inversions

A standard photographic map of Simulium feuerborni (Diptera: Simuliidae) was constructed from larval salivary gland polytene chromosomes and is described herein. Analysis of polytene chromosomes was made from wild larvae collected from the four populations at Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Simulium feuerborni has three pairs of chromosomes (2n = 6) which are arranged from the longest to the shortest. Chromosome I is metacentric while chromosomes II and III are submetacentric. A total of six simple paracentric inversions have been detected in these natural populations of S. feuerborni. These inversions (IS-1, IL-1, IIL-1, IIL-2, IIIS-1, IIIL-1) occurred in all chromosome arms except for the arm IIS. Significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium has been observed in inversion IIIL-1 at Hui Sai Luaeng suggesting the existence of two gene pools in this population. There is no indication of sex linkage associated with an inversion sequence in these populations. Thus, the X and Y chromosomes of S. feuerborni could not be recognized in this study.Key words: Simulium, polytene chromosome map, inversion polymorphisms

scholarly journals The structural genes for three Drosophila glue proteins reside at a single polytene chromosome puff locus

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-634
Author(s):  
T E Crowley ◽  
M W Bond ◽  
E M Meyerowitz
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Glue Proteins ◽  
Group Ii

The polytene chromosome puff at 68C on the Drosophila melanogaster third chromosome is thought from genetic experiments to contain the structural gene for one of the secreted salivary gland glue polypeptides, sgs-3. Previous work has demonstrated that the DNA included in this puff contains sequences that are transcribed to give three different polyadenylated RNAs that are abundant in third-larval-instar salivary glands. These have been called the group II, group III, and group IV RNAs. In the experiments reported here, we used the nucleotide sequence of the DNA coding for these RNAs to predict some of the physical and chemical properties expected of their protein products, including molecular weight, amino acid composition, and amino acid sequence. Salivary gland polypeptides with molecular weights similar to those expected for the 68C RNA translation products, and with the expected degree of incorporation of different radioactive amino acids, were purified. These proteins were shown by amino acid sequencing to correspond to the protein products of the 68C RNAs. It was further shown that each of these proteins is a part of the secreted salivary gland glue: the group IV RNA codes for the previously described sgs-3, whereas the group II and III RNAs code for the newly identified glue polypeptides sgs-8 and sgs-7.

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