Sport-specific assessment of lactate threshold and aerobic capacity throughout a collegiate hockey season

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1165-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Durocher ◽  
Darin T. Leetun ◽  
Jason R. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Division I ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Specific Assessment

The purpose of this study was to examine lactate threshold (LT) and maximal aerobic capacity with a sport-specific skating protocol throughout a competitive season in collegiate hockey players. We hypothesized that maximal aerobic capacity and skating velocity at LT would increase as the season progressed. Sixteen Division I college hockey players performed a graded exercise skating protocol to fatigue at 3 different times (pre-, mid-, and postseason). Subjects skated for 80 s during each stage, followed by 40 s of rest to allow for blood lactate sampling. Velocity at LT was similar during preseason (4.44 ± 0.08 m·s–1) and postseason (4.52 ± 0.05 m·s–1) testing, but was significantly elevated at midseason (4.70 ± 0.08 m·s–1; p < 0.01), compared with preseason. In contrast, LT as a percentage of maximal heart rate (HRmax) was unchanged throughout the season. HRmax remained constant throughout the season, at approximately 190 beats·min–1. Preseason maximal aerobic capacity (48.7 ± 0.8 mL·kg–1·min–1) was significantly higher than that at postseason (45.0 ± 1.1 mL·kg–1·min–1; p < 0.01). In conclusion, skating velocity at LT improved from pre- to midseason, but this adaptation was not maintained at postseason. Additionally, maximal aerobic capacity was reduced from pre- to postseason. These findings suggest a need for aerobic training throughout the college hockey season.

Comparison of on-ice and off-ice graded exercise testing in collegiate hockey players

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Durocher ◽  
Angela J. Guisfredi ◽  
Darin T. Leetun ◽  
Jason R. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
National Hockey League ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Graded Exercise Testing ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Specific Manner

The purpose of this study was to compare lactate thresholds (LT) and maximal aerobic capacities (VO2 max) during sport-specific skating (on ice) and cycle ergometry (off ice) in collegiate hockey players. We hypothesized that VO2 max and LT would be higher on ice. We also sought to determine if on-ice and off-ice VO2 max values were correlated. Twelve collegiate hockey players performed both graded exercise protocols in randomized order to fatigue. Both protocols included 80 s of work during each stage, followed by 40 s of rest to allow for blood lactate sampling. VO2 max was significantly higher on ice (46.9 ± 1.0 mL·kg–1·min–1) than off ice (43.6 ± 0.9 mL·kg–1·min–1; p < 0.05). Maximal heart rate (HRmax) was also higher on ice (192.2 ± 1.8 beats·min–1) than off ice (186.0 ± 1.5 beats·min–1; p < 0.01). LT was drastically higher on ice than off ice as a percentage of VO2 max (85.9% ± 1.9% vs. 69.7% ± 1.3%; p < 0.01) and HRmax (90.1% ± 1.3% vs. 79.4% ± 1.6%; p < 0.01). Finally, no correlation existed between VO2 max values off ice and on ice (r = –0.002; p = 0.99). Our results indicate that off-ice VO2 max and LT are not adequate predictors of on-ice VO2 max and LT in collegiate hockey players. These findings challenge the use of cycle ergometry to assess aerobic capacity at events such as the National Hockey League Entry Draft combine. We suggest that hockey players be tested in a sport-specific manner, regardless of whether those tests are performed on ice or off ice.

Age-related declines in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary women: a meta-analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret D. Fitzgerald ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Zung V. Tran ◽  
Douglas R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Sedentary Women ◽  
Exercise Status

Fitzgerald, Margaret D., Hirofumi Tanaka, Zung V. Tran, and Douglas R. Seals. Age-related declines in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary women: a meta-analysis. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 160–165, 1997.—Our purpose was to determine the relationship between habitual aerobic exercise status and the rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity across the adult age range in women. A meta-analytic approach was used in which mean maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max) values from female subject groups (ages 18–89 yr) were obtained from the published literature. A total of 239 subject groups from 109 studies involving 4,884 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were arbitrarily separated into sedentary (groups = 107; subjects = 2,256), active (groups = 69; subjects = 1,717), and endurance-trained (groups = 63; subjects = 911) populations.V˙o 2 max averaged 29.7 ± 7.8, 38.7 ± 9.2, and 52.0 ± 10.5 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1, respectively, and was inversely related to age within each population ( r = −0.82 to −0.87, all P < 0.0001). The rate of decline inV˙o 2 max with increasing subject group age was lowest in sedentary women (−3.5 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1⋅ decade−1), greater in active women (−4.4 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1⋅ decade−1), and greatest in endurance-trained women (−6.2 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ decade−1) (all P < 0.001 vs. each other). When expressed as percent decrease from mean levels at age ∼25 yr, the rates of decline inV˙o 2 max were similar in the three populations (−10.0 to −10.9%/decade). There was no obvious relationship between aerobic exercise status and the rate of decline in maximal heart rate with age. The results of this cross-sectional study support the hypothesis that, in contrast to the prevailing view, the rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age is greater, not smaller, in endurance-trained vs. sedentary women. The greater rate of decline inV˙o 2 max in endurance-trained populations may be related to their higher values as young adults (baseline effect) and/or to greater age-related reductions in exercise volume; however, it does not appear to be related to a greater rate of decline in maximal heart rate with age.

Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1947-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Christopher A. Desouza ◽  
Pamela P. Jones ◽  
Edith T. Stevenson ◽  
Kevin P. Davy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Absolute Rate ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Rate Of Decline

Tanaka, Hirofumi, Christopher A. DeSouza, Pamela P. Jones, Edith T. Stevenson, Kevin P. Davy, and Douglas R. Seals. Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6): 1947–1953, 1997.—Using a meta-analytic approach, we recently reported that the rate of decline in maximal oxygen uptake (V˙o 2 max) with age in healthy women is greatest in the most physically active and smallest in the least active when expressed in milliliters per kilogram per minute per decade. We tested this hypothesis prospectively under well-controlled laboratory conditions by studying 156 healthy, nonobese women (age 20–75 yr): 84 endurance-trained runners (ET) and 72 sedentary subjects (S). ET were matched across the age range for age-adjusted 10-km running performance. Body mass was positively related with age in S but not in ET. Fat-free mass was not different with age in ET or S. Maximal respiratory exchange ratio and rating of perceived exertion were similar across age in ET and S, suggesting equivalent voluntary maximal efforts. There was a significant but modest decline in running mileage, frequency, and speed with advancing age in ET.V˙o 2 max(ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) was inversely related to age ( P < 0.001) in ET ( r = −0.82) and S ( r = −0.71) and was higher at any age in ET. Consistent with our meta-analysic findings, the absolute rate of decline inV˙o 2 max was greater in ET (−5.7 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ decade−1) compared with S (−3.2 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ decade−1; P < 0.01), but the relative (%) rate of decline was similar (−9.7 vs −9.1%/decade; not significant). The greater absolute rate of decline inV˙o 2 max in ET compared with S was not associated with a greater rate of decline in maximal heart rate (−5.6 vs. −6.2 beats ⋅ min−1 ⋅ decade−1), nor was it related to training factors. The present cross-sectional findings provide additional evidence that the absolute, but not the relative, rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age may be greater in highly physically active women compared with their sedentary healthy peers. This difference does not appear to be related to age-associated changes in maximal heart rate, body composition, or training factors.

scholarly journals “The Competitive Season and Off-Season”: Preliminary Research concerning the Sport-Specific Performance, Stress, and Sleep in Elite Male Adolescent Basketball Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13259
Author(s):  
Chun-Chung Chou ◽  
Fei-Ti Wang ◽  
Hsin-Hung Wu ◽  
Shiow-Chwen Tsai ◽  
Chung-Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Division I ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Sports Programs ◽  
Specific Performance

Background: Through scholastic sports programs, adolescent athletes compete to represent their communities. However, few studies investigate the changes in physiological and mental profiles during varied sport periodization among this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the changes in sports performance and stress-related biomarkers between the competitive season (CS) and off-season (OS) in elite adolescent basketball players. Method: Nine elite Division I male basketball players (age: 15–18 years. old) participated in this study. Basketball-specific performance, salivary dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S)/cortisol levels, mood state, and sleep quality were all accessed during the CS and OS periods. Results: The training load during OS was 26.0% lower than CS (p = 0.001). Muscle mass, aerobic capacity, 10 m sprint, and Abalakov jump (AJ) power during OS were greater than that during CS (+2.2–9.8%, p < 0.05), but planned agility was greater during CS (p = 0.003). The salivary DHEA-S/cortisol was greater during CS than during OS (p = 0.039). The overall mood state and sleep quality did not differ between periods, but the POMS-tension was higher during CS (p = 0.005). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that muscle mass, aerobic capacity, peak AJ power, and 10 m sprint performance, but not planned agility, were greater during OS compared to CS among elite adolescent basketball players. Furthermore, the stress-related responses reflected by the D/C ratio and mood tension were relatively lower during the OS in these athletes. Thus, this study suggests that coaches and sport science professionals should closely monitor athletes’ training states across varied training/competition periods to better react to modifying training or recovery plans.

Maximal aerobic capacity across age in healthy Hispanic and Caucasian women

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1048-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Schiller ◽  
Yoli G. Casas ◽  
Christopher A. Desouza ◽  
Douglas R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
Rate Of Decline

We tested the hypothesis that the age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity, as measured by maximal oxygen uptake (V˙o 2 max), is greater in Hispanic than in Caucasian women. We studied 146 healthy sedentary women aged 20–75 yr: 53 Hispanic (primarily of Mexican descent) and 93 Caucasian (non-Hispanic white). The groups did not differ in mean age, body mass, percent body fat, estimated physical activity-related energy expenditure, or education-based socioeconomic status (SES). During maximal exercise, respiratory exchange ratio, rating of perceived exertion, and percent predicted maximal heart rate were similar across age and ethnicity, suggesting equivalent maximum voluntary efforts in all subjects. V˙o 2 max(ml · kg−1 · min−1) was inversely related to age ( P < 0.01) in Caucasian ( r =−0.68) and Hispanic ( r = −0.61) women. The absolute rate of decline in V˙o 2 maxwith age was the same in the two groups (−0.31 ml · kg−1 · min−1 · yr−1). The relative rate of decline (% from age 25 yr) also was similar in the Caucasian (−9.0%) and Hispanic (−9.2%) women. When subjects of all ages were pooled, mean levels ofV˙o 2 max were similar in the two groups (∼28 ml · kg−1 · min−1). These results, the first to our knowledge in Hispanics, indicate that mean levels of V˙o 2 max, as well as the rate of decline in V˙o 2 max with age, are similar in healthy sedentary Hispanic and Caucasian women of similar SES. Thus it does not appear that Hispanic ethnicity per se modulates maximal aerobic capacity in this population.

scholarly journals Periodization and Programming for Individual 400 m Medley Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6474
Author(s):  
Francisco Hermosilla ◽  
José M González-Rave ◽  
José Antonio Del Castillo ◽  
David B Pyne
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Swimming Training ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Periodized Training ◽  
Technical Framework

Knowledge in the scientific domain of individual medley (IM) swimming training over a competitive season is limited. The purpose of this study was to propose a detailed coaching framework incorporating the key elements of a periodized training regimen for a 400 m IM swimmer. This framework was based on the available coaching and scientific literature and the practical experience and expertise of the collaborating authors. The season has been divided in two or three macrocycles, further divided in three mesocycles each (six or nine mesocycles in total), in alignment with the two or three main competitions in each macrocycle. The principal training contents to develop during the season expressed in blood lactate zones are: aerobic training (~2 mmol·L−1), lactate threshold pace (~4 mmol·L−1) and VO2max (maximum oxygen uptake) (~6 mmol·L−1). Strength training should focus on maximum strength, power and speed endurance during the season. Altitude training camps can be placed strategically within the training season to promote physiological adaptation and improvements in performance. A well-constructed technical framework will permit development of training strategies for the 400 m IM swimmer to improve both training and competitive performance.

Changes in maximal aerobic capacity with age in endurance-trained women: 7-yr follow-up

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 2303-2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iratxe Eskurza ◽  
Anthony J. Donato ◽  
Kerrie L. Moreau ◽  
Douglas R. Seals ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Sedentary Women

On the basis of cross-sectional data, we previously reported that the absolute, but not the relative (%), rate of decline in maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max) with age is greater in endurance-trained compared with healthy sedentary women. We tested this hypothesis by using a longitudinal approach. Eight sedentary (63 ± 2 yr at follow-up) and 16 endurance-trained (57 ± 2) women were reevaluated after a mean follow-up period of 7 yr. At baseline,V˙o 2 max was ∼70% higher in endurance-trained women (48.1 ± 1.7 vs. 28.1 ± 0.8 ml · kg−1 · min−1 · yr−1). At follow-up, body mass, fat-free mass, maximal respiratory exchange ratio, and maximal rating of perceived exertion were not different from baseline in either group. The absolute rate of decline inV˙o 2 max was twice as great ( P < 0.01) in the endurance-trained (−0.84 ± 0.15 ml · kg−1 · min−1 · yr−1) vs. sedentary (−0.40 ± 0.12 ml · kg−1 · min−1 · yr−1) group, but the relative rates of decline were not different (−1.8 ± 0.3 vs. −1.5 ± 0.4% per year). Differences in rates of decline in V˙o 2 max were not related to changes in body mass or maximal heart rate. However, among endurance-trained women, the relative rate of decline inV˙o 2 max was positively related to reductions in training volume ( r = 0.63). Consistent with this, the age-related reduction inV˙o 2 max in a subgroup of endurance-trained women who maintained or increased training volume was not different from that of sedentary women. These longitudinal data indicate that the greater decrease in maximal aerobic capacity with advancing age observed in middle-aged and older endurance-trained women in general compared with their sedentary peers is due to declines in habitual exercise in some endurance-trained women. Endurance-trained women who maintain or increase training volume demonstrated age-associated declines in maximal aerobic capacity not different from healthy sedentary women.

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