Circulating Long-Chain Acylcarnitine Concentrations are Not Affected by Exercise Training in Pregnant Women with Obesity

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise during pregnancy in sedentary women with obesity on longitudinal changes in long-chain acylcarnitine (LC-AC) concentrations. We hypothesized that exercise training would significantly decrease circulating LC-ACs throughout gestation compared to a non-exercise control group. Pregnant women with obesity considered otherwise healthy [n=80, mean ± SD; body mass index (BMI): 36.9±5.7 kg/m2] were randomized into an exercise (n=40, aerobic/resistance 3x/week, ~13th gestation week until birth) or a non-exercise control (n=40) group. At gestation week 12.2 ± 0.5 and 36.0 ± 0.4, a submaximal exercise test was conducted, and indirect calorimetry was used to measure relative resting energy expenditure (REE), as well as respiratory exchange ratio (RER) at rest. Fasting blood samples were collected and analyzed for LC-AC concentrations. Fitness improved with prenatal exercise training; however, exercise training did not affect circulating LC-AC. When groups were collapsed, LC-ACs decreased during gestation (combined groups, P < 0.001), whereas REE (kcal·kg-1·d-1, P = 0.008) increased. However, average REE relative to FFM (kcal·kgFFM-1·d-1) and RER did not change. There was an inverse relationship between the change in RER and all LC-ACs (except C18:2) throughout gestation (C14: r = -0.26, P = 0.04; C16: r = -0.27, P = 0.03; C18:1: r = -0.28, P = 0.02). In summary, a moderate intensity exercise intervention during pregnancy in women with obesity did not alter LC-ACs concentrations versus control, indicating that the balance between LCFA availability and oxidation neither improved nor worsened with an exercise intervention.

Investigation of Some Physiological Parameters in Women Taken Teraband Exercise Training

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a six-week theraband (strength band) exercise program on some physiological parameters in sedentary women. Method: The pretest-posttest model was used in the study. Before the study, the participants were asked whether they had any health problems. In this study, 34 volunteer women with a mean age of 26.91±2.64 years and a mean height of 164.20±4.36 who regularly attended a private sports centre were included in the study. Before and after the exercise program, body weight, fat percentage, and blood samples were taken in the morning on an empty stomach by experts in the appropriate laboratory environment at the health institution. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 22.0 package program. Paired Sample T Test was applied to compare the values before and after exercise. Results: As a result, it was determined that sedentary women who regularly performed theraband exercise for six weeks had a positive effect on their weight, fat percentage and blood lipids (Triglyceride, Cholesterol, HDL and LDL) levels (p<0.05). Conclucions: As a result, since the teraband (strength band) exercises we applied in our study were both affordable and can be easily performed by individuals at home, it has great importance for health that these exercises can be promoted more, and people's awareness. Keywords: Teraband, Exercise, Blood lipid

Reproductive health of the fem ale athletes

Physicians, including gynecologists, who deal with sportswomen, do not always consider in their everyday practice the changes in female reproductive function caused by severe physical exercises. A t the same time, this problem is so important, that in 1992 American College of Sports Medicine introduced the term Female Athlete Triad, describing interrelationships between eating disorders, amenorrhea and osteoporosis. It is well known that menarche in athletes occur later than in sedentary women, 5-50% o f athletes are amenorrheic, anovulation takes place in 16%, luteal phase deficiency -in 4 2 % of female athletes. The high rate of ovarian insufficiency among athletes and theirprobable unfavorable sequelae require the problems in treatment andprevention of reproductive disorders in female athletes to be solved. This must be done within the modem standards of reproductive medicine.

Examination of Acceleration and Speed Performances According to Different Foot Sole Sizes in Sedentary Women

In this study, it was aimed to examine the acceleration and speed performances of sedentary women according to their different foot sole length. 60 women that recide in Gaziantep and live sedentary life has participated voluntarily. The subjects were divided into 4 groups in terms of foot sole length and metatarsus width. The average age of the subjects that are participated in the study is determined as 15.8±0.76 for the 1st group, 16.1±1.13 for the 2nd group, 15.9±1.12 for the 3rd group and 15.7±1.33 for the 4th group. Foot sole, metatarsus measurements, acceleration and speed performance values of the subjects were taken in accordance with the measurement technique. All data that is obtained in the study were compared with each other and analyzed in terms of groups while using the SPSS 20.0 software package. When we evaluate the results of the analysis; it can be seen that there are significant differences that is detected between the 1st, 3rd and 4th groups in terms of acceleration performance in terms of foot sole length and metatarsus width; however, no significant difference was found between the 2nd group and the other groups. Although small differences were detected between the groups when it comes to sprint performance, these differences were not statistically significant. As a result, it was observed that there were differences between the groups in terms of acceleration performance, but there was no significant difference in terms of speed performance.

Rapid Escalation of High-Volume Exercise during Caloric Restriction; Change in Visceral Adipose Tissue and Adipocytokines in Obese Sedentary Breast Cancer Survivors

Aerobic exercise reduces risk for breast cancer and recurrence and promotes visceral adipose tissue (VAT) loss in obesity. However, few breast cancer survivors achieve recommended levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) without supervision. In a two-cohort study, feasibility of 12 weeks of partially supervised exercise was started concomitantly with caloric restriction and effects on body composition and systemic risk biomarkers were explored. In total, 22 obese postmenopausal sedentary women (including 18 breast cancer survivors) with median age of 60 and BMI of 37 kg/m2 were enrolled. Using personal trainers twice weekly at area YMCAs, MVPA was escalated to ≥200 min/week over 9 weeks. For cohort 2, maintenance of effect was assessed when study provided trainer services were stopped but monitoring, group counseling sessions, and access to the exercise facility were continued. Median post-escalation MVPA was 219 min/week with median 12-week mass and VAT loss of 8 and 19%. MVPA was associated with VAT loss which was associated with improved adiponectin:leptin ratio. In total, 9/11 of cohort-2 women continued the behavioral intervention for another 12 weeks without trainers. High MVPA continued with median 24-week mass and VAT loss of 12 and 29%. This intervention should be further studied in obese sedentary women.

Amateur ballet practicing, body image and eating behaviors: a comparative study of classical ballet dancers, gym users and sedentary women

Background Ballet dancers are a risk group for body image (BI) distortion, dissatisfaction and eating disorders (ED), but few studies have investigated these aspects in amateur adult practitioners. This study aimed to evaluate if amateur female adult classical ballet dancers presented different BI and behaviors for ED than gym users and sedentary women. Methods This is a cross-sectional study where classical ballet dancers (n = 19) were compared to gym users (n = 19) and sedentary women (n = 19). Body mass index (BMI) was assessed, and a figure rating scale was applied to assess BI distortion/dissatisfaction. The body shape questionnaire (BSQ) was used to measure BI concern. The eating attitudes test (EAT-26) and the bulimic investigatory test, Edinburgh (BITE) were used for behaviors toward anorexia and bulimia. Results BMI was significantly lower in ballet dancers than gym users and sedentary women (F, p = .04). BI distortion did not differ among the studied groups. BI dissatisfaction was lower (X2, p = .041) in ballet dancers (75.0%) and gym users (70.6%) compared to sedentary women (100%). Correspondence analysis showed ballet dancers were mostly not concerned with BI, which was not observed among the other groups. The EAT-26 did not differ between the studied groups. The BITE score was lower (Tukey’s post hoc test, p = .005) in the ballet dancers [mean 5.3 (5.6)] compared to the sedentary women [mean 10.9 (4.8)]. Conclusions Data suggest that amateur classical ballet practicing is associated to better BI and fewer behaviors for ED in the studied population. The lower BMI in ballet dancers might explain these findings, and further studies should explore these associations.

Investıgatıon of the effect of Pilates Exercıses on the Functıonal Parameters of Middle Age Sedantery Women

This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8-week mat and reformer pilates exercises on functional movement skills, flexibility of adult healthy sedentary women. 58 [reformer exercise group (n: 20), mat exercise group (n: 21) and control group (n: 17)] volunteer women participated in the study. Functional Movement Screen test (FMS), sit and reach test, Trunk lateral flexion test, Quadriceps Femoris and M.Iliopsoas flexibility test were applied to the participants. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used in the analysis of the obtained data. Additionally, Bonferroni test, one of the multiple comparison tests, was used to determine the source of the difference between groups. Moreover, the percentage changes of eight-week exercises on FMS scores, flexibility and strength parameters of adult women were determined by using the formula %Δ= [(Post-test - Pre-test) / Pre-test*100]. According to the results of the study, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the total FMS mean scores and flexibility test results of the exercise group and the control group. There was a higher increase in FMS scores and lower extremity flexibility values of the reformer group compared to the mat group, on the other hand, upper extremity flexibility levels of the mat group were found to be higher than the reformer group. As a result, it was determined that 8-week mat and reformer pilates exercises had a positive effects on some functional movement skills and flexibility parameters in adult healthy sedentary women. Keywords: Mat pilates, Reformer pilates, Functional movement screen