Caffeine and sports performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1319-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Racquet Sports ◽  
Stop And Go ◽  
Sport And Exercise

Athletes are among the groups of people who are interested in the effects of caffeine on endurance and exercise capacity. Although many studies have investigated the effect of caffeine ingestion on exercise, not all are suited to draw conclusions regarding caffeine and sports performance. Characteristics of studies that can better explore the issues of athletes include the use of well-trained subjects, conditions that reflect actual practices in sport, and exercise protocols that simulate real-life events. There is a scarcity of field-based studies and investigations involving elite performers. Researchers are encouraged to use statistical analyses that consider the magnitude of changes, and to establish whether these are meaningful to the outcome of sport. The available literature that follows such guidelines suggests that performance benefits can be seen with moderate amounts (~3 mg·kg–1 body mass) of caffeine. Furthermore, these benefits are likely to occur across a range of sports, including endurance events, stop-and-go events (e.g., team and racquet sports), and sports involving sustained high-intensity activity lasting from 1–60 min (e.g., swimming, rowing, and middle and distance running races). The direct effects on single events involving strength and power, such as lifts, throws, and sprints, are unclear. Further studies are needed to better elucidate the range of protocols (timing and amount of doses) that produce benefits and the range of sports to which these may apply. Individual responses, the politics of sport, and the effects of caffeine on other goals, such as sleep, hydration, and refuelling, also need to be considered.

Caffeine ingestion and metabolic responses of tetraplegic humans during electrical cycling

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mohr ◽  
M. Van Soeren ◽  
T. E. Graham ◽  
M. Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Active Muscle ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured ◽  
Stimulation Of

Normally, caffeine ingestion results in a wide spectrum of neural and hormonal responses, making it difficult to evaluate which are critical regulatory factors. We examined the responses to caffeine (6 mg/kg) ingestion in a group of spinal cord-injured subjects [7 tetraplegic (C5–7) and 2 paraplegic (T4) subjects] at rest and during functional electrical stimulation of their paralyzed limbs to the point of fatigue. Plasma insulin did not change, caffeine had no effect on plasma epinephrine, and there was a slight increase ( P < 0.05) in norepinephrine after 15 min of exercise. Nevertheless, serum free fatty acids were increased ( P < 0.05) after caffeine ingestion after 60 min of rest and throughout the first 15 min of exercise, but the respiratory exchange ratio was not affected. The exercise time was increased ( P < 0.05) by 6% or 1.26 ± 0.57 min. These data suggest that caffeine had direct effects on both the adipose tissue and the active muscle. It is proposed that the ergogenic action of caffeine is occurring, at least in part, by a direct action of the drug on muscle.

Effect of Caffeine on Leg-Muscle Pain during Intense Cycling Exercise: Possible Role of Anxiety Sensitivity

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael C. Gliottoni ◽  
Robert W. Motl
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
College Age ◽  
Peak Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Leg Muscle

This experiment examined the effect of a moderate dose of caffeine on perceptions of leg-muscle pain during a bout of high-intensity cycling exercise and the role of anxiety sensitivity in the hypoalgesic effect of caffeine on muscle pain during exercise. Sixteen college-age women ingested caffeine (5 mg/kg body weight) or a placebo and 1 hr later completed 30 min of cycling on an ergometer at 80% of peak aerobic capacity. The conditions were completed in a counterbalanced order, and perceptions of leg-muscle pain were recorded during the bouts of exercise. Caffeine resulted in a large reduction in leg-muscle pain-intensity ratings compared with placebo (d = −0.95), and the reduction in leg-muscle pain-intensity ratings was larger in those with lower anxiety-sensitivity scores than those with higher anxiety-sensitivity scores (d = −1.28 based on a difference in difference scores). The results support that caffeine ingestion has a large effect on reducing leg-muscle pain during high-intensity exercise, and the effect is moderated by anxiety sensitivity.

The Role of Simulation in the Learning of Surgical Skills

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Brown
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Immediate Feedback

Many authors have published theories regarding the learning of practical (surgical) skills. Table 1 contains a useful summary of these theories. Simulation has been defined by Allery et al as 'a structured activity designed to reflect reality, real life and real situations',1 and good simulation has been defined by Gorman et al as 'represent [ing] simplified reality, free from the need to include every possible detail'.2 when discussing simulation in education, issenberg, et al stated: 'Simulations are not identical to real-life events. Instead simulations place trainees into lifelike situations that provide immediate feedback about questions, decisions and actions.'3

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities in Collecting and Modeling Ambulatory Electrodermal Activity Data (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L Coffman ◽  
Xizhen Cai ◽  
Runze Li ◽  
Noelle R Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Ambulatory Setting ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Dry Electrode ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Initial Processing

BACKGROUND Ambulatory assessment of electrodermal activity (EDA) is an emerging technique for capturing individuals’ autonomic responses to real-life events. There is currently little guidance available for processing and analyzing such data in an ambulatory setting. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe and implement several methods for preprocessing and constructing features for use in modeling ambulatory EDA data, particularly for measuring stress. METHODS We used data from a study examining the effects of stressful tasks on EDA of adolescent mothers (AMs). A biosensor band recorded EDA 4 times per second and was worn during an approximately 2-hour assessment that included a 10-min mother-child videotaped interaction. The initial processing included filtering noise and motion artifacts. RESULTS We constructed the features of the EDA data, including the number of peaks and their amplitude as well as EDA reactivity, quantified as the rate at which AMs returned to baseline EDA following an EDA peak. Although the pattern of EDA varied substantially across individuals, various features of EDA may be computed for all individuals enabling within- and between-individual analyses and comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The algorithms we developed can be used to construct features for dry-electrode ambulatory EDA, which can be used by other researchers to study stress and anxiety.

scholarly journals The power of place: Trauma recovery and memorialization

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Arel
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Emotional Availability ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Potential Space ◽  
Trauma Recovery ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Memorial Museums

In this paper, places of trauma, physical locations that reflect the Celtic spiritual concept of “thin places,” simultaneously represent real life events, possess symbolic meaning, and become places for active, engaged social activity related to memorialization. I explore how these places create a potential space for working through trauma, drawing on Judith Herman’s fundamental stages of recovery which she articulates as “establishing safety, reconstructing the trauma story, and restoring the connection between survivors and their communities.” I argue that memorial museums attending to trauma can guide the process of working through suffering to growth and transformation, thus benefiting witnesses, survivors and family members, and employees who immerse themselves in the stories they memorialize in order to facilitate empathy and emotional availability to visitors of all types. This community commemorating communal

scholarly journals Prior Use of Medication for Primary Prevention in Patients with Coronary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272094694
Author(s):  
Andrés Gaviria-Mendoza ◽  
Julián Andrés Zapata-Carmona ◽  
Andrés Alirio Restrepo-Bastidas ◽  
Carmen Luisa Betancur-Pulgarín ◽  
Jorge Enrique Machado-Alba
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Score ◽  
Clinical Records

Background: Cardiovascular disease, especially coronary disease, represents one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the drug prescription profile for primary cardiovascular prevention prior to a first acute coronary syndrome event. Methods: Cross-sectional study. We included adult patients of any sex affiliated with one healthcare insurer of the Colombian Health System, with a diagnosis of a first episode of acute coronary syndrome that occurred during the period of 2015 to 2016. Sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological variables were evaluated from clinical records. The cardiovascular risk score prior to the event was calculated, and the need for the use of statins and aspirin in primary prevention was defined according to the recommendations of clinical practice guidelines. Results: Clinical records of 322 patients were reviewed with mean age of 61.9 ± 10.8 years, and 77.3% were men. The most frequent comorbidities were dyslipidemia (64.3%), arterial hypertension (62.7%) and diabetes mellitus (30.1%); 22% of the patients were obese, and 33.5% were smokers. The cardiovascular risk score was calculated in 211 patients (65.5%) who had the necessary variables complete. The median 10-year risk according to Framingham risk score was 21.4%, and it was 16.3% according to the American Heart Association. From the 211 patients with risk scores, there were 179 (84.8%) who needed statins (175 of high intensity, 97.8%), and 88 (27.3%) required aspirin as a primary prevention; however, 56 of these patients (31.3%) did not receive any statins, 127 (72.6%) did not receive the high intensity statin they needed, and 38 (43.2% of those with indication) lacked aspirin. Conclusion: Real-life data show that among a group of patients with high cardiovascular risk, a substantial proportion were not receiving medications for primary prevention necessary to reduce their risk and finally suffered an acute coronary event.

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