Fazlur Khan (1929–1982): reflections on his life and works

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aftab A Mufti ◽  
Baidar Bakht
Keyword(s):  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Tall Building ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Biographical Sketch ◽  
Structural System ◽  
National Pride ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Vertical Scale ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Structural Engineers

Tall buildings, or skyscrapers, are icons of cities, symbols of corporate power, and a mark of national pride. Certain skyscrapers, such as the John Hancock Center and the Sears Tower in Chicago, are also marvels of engineering that have paved the way for ever increasing heights of structural systems. Since the 1960s, a series of new structural systems has been introduced with the objective of achieving economically-competitive and aesthetically-pleasing tall buildings without compromising safety. One of the great structural engineers responsible for the new structural systems was Dr. Fazlur Rahman Khan. This paper provides a biographical sketch of Dr. Khan and discusses some of his innovations pertaining to high-rise buildings. It shows that his contributions led to a new vertical scale for the modern day city.Key words: aesthetics, architecture, innovation, structural system, tall building.

Examples of Shaping for Large Span Roofs and High-Rise Buildings

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Janusz Rebielak
Keyword(s):  
Tall Building ◽  
Space Structures ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Large Span ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Slender Structure

Proposals for forming various types of bar space structures, which could be used as building structures of different functional purposes are the subjects of this paper. The systems proposed have been developed with the aim of applying them in the design of structural systems for large span covers and high-rise buildings. The essential aims of forming large span cover structures is to obtain systems which would allow building these covers using relatively short bars. In the paper some new configuations of such space structures are presented. The most important factor in the design of the structural system of a tall building is the need to provide a comparatively slender structure with appropriate great rigidity. Some proposals of application of space structures as structures of high-rise buildings are presented in the paper.

Analytical Study on Effect of Geometry of Tall Buildings on Diagrid Structural Systems Subjected to Lateral Loads

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Elsa Alexander Anjana ◽  
R. Renjith ◽  
Binu M. Issac
Keyword(s):  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Structural Efficiency ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
And Performance

Structural design of high rise buildings is governed by lateral loads due to wind or earthquake. As the height of building increases, the lateral load resisting system becomes more important than the structural system that resists the gravitational loads. Recently, diagrid structural system are widely used for tall buildings due to its structural efficiency and flexibility in architectural planning. Diagrid structural system is made around the perimeter of building in the form of a triangulated truss system by intersecting the diagonal and horizontal members. Diagonal members in diagrid structural systems can carry gravity loads as well as lateral loads. Lateral loads are resisted by axial action of the diagonals compared to bending of vertical columns in framed tube structure. The structural efficiency of diagrid system also helps in avoiding interior and corner columns, thereby allowing significant flexibility with the floor plan. In this paper, effect of lateral loads on steel diagrid buildings are studied. Square and rectangular buildings of same plan area with diagrid structural system is considered for the study. Diagrid modules extending upto 2,4,6,8 and 12 storeys are evaluated. Static analysis for the gravity loads, wind and earthquake and response spectrum analysis are carried out for these different combinations of plan shape and diagrid modules and performance of all these diagrid models i.e., storey displacement, storey drift and modal time period are evaluated and compared in this study.

scholarly journals Parametric Analysis of the Shear Lag Effect in Tube Structural Systems of Tall Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Ivan Hafner ◽  
Anđelko Vlašić ◽  
Tomislav Kišiček ◽  
Tvrtko Renić
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Shear Lag ◽  
Shear Lag Effect ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Secondary Structural Elements

Horizontal loads such as earthquake and wind are considered dominant loads for the design of tall buildings. One of the most efficient structural systems in this regard is the tube structural system. Even though such systems have a high resistance when it comes to horizontal loads, the shear lag effect that is characterized by an incomplete and uneven activation of vertical elements may cause a series of problems such as the deformation of internal panels and secondary structural elements, which cumulatively grow with the height of the building. In this paper, the shear lag effect in a typical tube structure will be observed and analyzed on a series of different numerical models. A parametric analysis will be conducted with a great number of variations in the structural elements and building layout, for the purpose of giving recommendations for an optimal design of a tube structural system.

scholarly journals Evacuation egress in high rise building: Review of the current design evacuation solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 03012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazrina Mansor ◽  
Yazmin Sahol Hamid ◽  
Nurul Huda Suliman ◽  
Nursafarina Ahmad ◽  
Noorfaizah Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Tall Building ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Engineering Practices

In the aftermath of the September 11th attack, design of tall buildings particularly in the aspect of safety systems and structural robustness, arguably the most crucial issues that is deliberated till to date. Concerning the safety systems specifically on evacuation egress, many novels and innovative evacuation solutions for high rise buildings that have been researched and put forward, for instances Platform Rescue Systems (PRS), Controlled Descent Devices (CDD) and Escape Chutes. Still, the practicability of the existing proposed egress systems to be implemented in the real-life situation and its compliance with the tall building design legislation remain unknown. For developing countries such as Malaysia and United Arab Emirates, tall buildings play a role as an iconic landmark. While countries like China and Hong Kong, tall building is needed due to the scarcity of land and high populations. As more than one hundred tall structure exists in the world, and will be increasing by 2020; therefore, it is urgently needed that existing engineering practices in designing tall building to be reviewed with respect to evacuation egress. The main objective of this paper is to create awareness among developers, consultants and contractors that proper evacuation egress in tall building design and development is a must. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing engineering practices on tall building evacuation planning systems and design. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the currently proposed systems and its consideration amongst structural and safety engineers are also reported.

scholarly journals Mixed-use development in a high-rise context

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 01021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena M. Generalova ◽  
Viktor P. Generalov ◽  
Anna A. Kuznetsova ◽  
Oksana N. Bobkova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Tall Building ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Compact City ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The article deals with an actual problem of finding techniques and methods to create a comfortable urban environment. The authors emphasize that in the existing conditions of intensive urban development greater attention should be given to spatial concentration based on and more compact distribution of population in urban space. It is stressed that including mixed-use facilities into urban realm results in a significant improvement of living environment qualitative characteristics. The paper also examines modern approaches to constructing a «compact city» for comfortable and convenient living with a mixed-use tall building development. The authors explore the world's experience of designing tall mixed-use buildings and reveal modern trends in their construction. The statistics given is based on the data analysis of a group of tall mixed-use buildings consisting of more than 400 objects, constructed in 2007-2016. The research shows functional and architectural peculiarities of this typology of tall buildings and investigates a mechanism of creating zones of mixed-use tall building development in the urban structure. In conclusion, the authors consider prospects of development and major directions of improvement of mixed-use tall building parameters for a reasonable territorial urban growth and creation of high-density and comfortable building development.

scholarly journals Backstay Effect of Diaphragm in Tall Building

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1578-1587
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Tall Building ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Structural Engineer ◽  
Structural Responses ◽  
Seismic Forces

Seismic analysis of structural systems with floor diaphragms has been a requisite in the recent past. The duty of a structural engineer is to be prudent about the behavior of every structural system adopted. Amongst the structural systems that are adopted world over, diaphragm with rigid and semi-rigid floor plate are adopted widely in the analysis. This research focuses on the backstay effect i.e. podium structural interaction with the tower area and consideration of retaining wall as increment of lateral stiffness as specified in latest tall building code IS6700:2016 for low and high rise structures. In the current study models were prepared with low to high rise storeys with rigid and flexible diaphragms considering backstay diaphragm placing tower at center and corner. The models were subjected to seismic forces; response spectrum along with the combination of the gravity loads. The structural responses like natural periods, base shear, displacement and inter storey drift were also studied.

scholarly journals Shear-lag effect and its effect on the design of high-rise buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 02001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui Thanh Dat ◽  
Alexander Traykov ◽  
Marina Traykova
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Lateral Load ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Shear Lag ◽  
Shear Lag Effect ◽  
Main Category ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Lag Effect

For super high-rise buildings, the analysis and selection of suitable structural solutions are very important. The structure has not only to carry the gravity loads (self-weight, live load, etc.), but also to resist lateral loads (wind and earthquake loads). As the buildings become taller, the demand on different structural systems dramatically increases. The article considers the division of the structural systems of tall buildings into two main categories - interior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located within the interior of the building, and exterior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located at the building perimeter. The basic types of each of the main structural categories are described. In particular, the framed tube structures, which belong to the second main category of exterior structures, seem to be very efficient. That type of structure system allows tall buildings resist the lateral loads. However, those tube systems are affected by shear lag effect - a nonlinear distribution of stresses across the sides of the section, which is commonly found in box girders under lateral loads. Based on a numerical example, some general conclusions for the influence of the shear-lag effect on frequencies, periods, distribution and variation of the magnitude of the internal forces in the structure are presented.

Mitigation of Wind-Induced Vibration of a 600m High Skyscraper

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950015 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Zhang ◽  
Q. S. Li
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Control ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Tall Building ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Structural Vibrations ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Structural Responses ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Wind Induced Vibration

The serviceability of super-tall buildings depends primarily on the wind-induced structural responses, especially accelerations. To mitigate the discomforting structural vibrations, pendulum-type tuned mass damper (TMD) systems are commonly employed in high-rise buildings. However, for a super-tall building with a considerably low fundamental natural frequency, the suspension length of a pendulum-suspended TMD (PTMD) becomes too long to be feasible as it would occupy substantial building space. For the sake of saving valuable space in a super-tall building, a multistage PTMD system is recommended for vibration control. This paper presents a detailed assessment study on the performance of a multistage PTMD system designed for a 600 m high skyscraper located in a typhoon-prone region in China. Wind tunnel tests are first conducted to determine the wind loads on the building for estimation of structural dynamic responses for the scenarios with and without installation of the multistage PTMD system. Optimal design of the multistage PTMD system is then carried out through examining the mitigation efficiency of the PTMD system for a variety of mass and damping ratios. To restrict the strokes of mass dampers in the PTMD system, two-section damping strategy is proposed. The assessment results demonstrate that the multistage PTMD system with two-section damping can function efficiently to suppress the excessive vibrations of the skyscraper, while occupying a minimal space in vertical and horizontal directions. This paper aims to provide an effective and economic design strategy for vibration control of super-tall buildings under wind excitations.

Loss Estimation of Tall Buildings Designed for the PEER Tall Building Initiative Project

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1309-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilesh Shome ◽  
Nirmal Jayaram ◽  
Helmut Krawinkler ◽  
Mohsen Rahnama
Keyword(s):  
Random Variables ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Tall Building ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
System Building ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Building Systems

As part of the PEER Center's Tall Building Initiative (TBI) project, practicing engineers designed three structural systems, each based on commonly used codes and guidelines, in addition to the guidelines developed by PEER. The designs were analyzed by three research teams, using a set of 75 ground-motion pairs, to predict response parameters for evaluating the performance of tall buildings. This study focuses on analytically estimating the seismic losses to these buildings to assess their relative seismic performance. The loss assessment process follows a comprehensive simulation approach that takes into account several random variables, such as building response, repair costs, etc. Throughout this study, epistemic and aleatory uncertainties in the random variables are accounted for in order to quantify those in loss estimates. Based on the dollar-loss results, the performance of the dual-system building is compared and contrasted with that of the other building systems considered in the PEER study.

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