Performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland in the removal of tanninsA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.

A horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSFCW) was employed to remove tannins from the effluent of a tannins extracting company. Two HSSFCW cells with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 9 d and packed with limestone were used. One cell without macrophytes was used as a control, while the second cell was planted with Phragmites mauritianus . Results indicated that HSSFCW was capable of treating tannin wastewater that has been seeded with primary facultative pond sludge. Tannins and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 95.9% and 90.6% with outlet concentration of 27 mg/L and 86 mg/L, respectively, were obtained in the planted cell; while the tannins and COD removal efficiency of 91.1% and 89.5% with outlet concentration of 57 mg/L and 96 mg/L, respectively, were obtained in the control cell.

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Effect of HRT and seasons on the performance of pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland to treat rural wastewater

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2021.104 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R. Shruthi ◽

G. P. Shivashankara

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Subsurface Flow ◽

Typha Latifolia ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽

Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽

Rural Wastewater

Abstract To find the effect of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and seasons on the performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF CW) in treating rural wastewater, a pilot scale unit 2.5 m × 0.4 m × 0.3 m size bed planted with a Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis was operated for a 12-month duration. During the study 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days of HRT were maintained in winter, summer, and rainy seasons. The removal efficiency obtained was ranges from 62.09 to 87.23% for Chemical Oxygen Demand, 69.58% to 93.32% for Biochemical Oxygen Demand5 (BOD), 31.55% to 59.89% for Ammonia Nitrogen (NH4-N), 15.18% to 52.90% for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), 21.02% to 50.21% for Phosphate Phosphorus (PO43− P), 19.82% to 48.23% for, Total phosphorus (TP), 74.93% to 93.10% for Faecal Coliform (FC) and 69.93% to 90.23% Total Coliform (TC). Overall, results showed that the performance of the unit was good. For statistical analysis two way ANOVA test followed by the Tukey test was used with a 95% level of significance. It was observed that the removal efficiency of the pollutants were increased with an increase in HRT. HRT of 6 days found as adequate for significant removal of organic matter (COD and BOD). Seasonal removal efficiencies followed the order of summer > rainy > winter for all the parameters, but the difference was not statistically significant.

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Performance Evaluation of the Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland with Ipomoea Aquatica Plant for Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.965 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1073-1076 ◽

pp. 965-969 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed Mohammed Osman ◽

Xi Wu Lu

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Subsurface Flow ◽

Operation Time ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

System Operation ◽

Ipomoea Aquatica ◽

Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽

Horizontal Subsurface Flow

In this study, the performance treatment of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSFCW) was evaluated. The HSFCW built as a tertiary treatment process after the biological reactors to improve the effluent quality. The HSFCW system was operated with different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) ranged from 0.15 to 0.333 m3/ (m2.d) to assess their influence on removal efficiency. During the system operation time, the average temperature was ranged of 22.3 to 31.2 °C and pH ranges was 7.3 – 8.1. The Ipomoea aquatica (Chinese spinach) planted into HSFCW system and the growth parameters during the experimental operation observed. The Ipomoea aquatica growth parameters such as the plant height, a fresh and dry weights were monitored and measured. The influent and effluent of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were examined. The removal efficiency for all parameters showed decreased with an increase in HLR from 0.15 to 0.333 m3/ (m2.day). The results demonstrated that the average removal efficiency of the COD, NH4-N, TN and TP during system operation is 52.9%, 64.6%, 58.2% and 72.8% respectively. These results confirm that the HSFCW has a good efficient in treatment and can be used for the nutrients and organic matter removal from the domestic wastewater.

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PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH RUMAH SAKIT MENGGUNAKAN HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

10.31219/osf.io/4kbgt ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gede H Cahyana

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Root Zone ◽

Subsurface Flow ◽

Typha Latifolia ◽

Hospital Wastewater ◽

Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽

Horizontal Subsurface Flow

Activated sludge is a wastewater treatment reactor widely applied for hospital. The reactor requires a mechanical aerator as a source of oxygen. At the same time, Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland is rarely used. Both types of reactors utilize microbes in reducing pollutants of wastewater. The role of microbes in activated sludge is taken over by microbes that grow in the root zone of Typha latifolia and Vetiver sp. Two laboratory scale reactors were made to get serial data on the performance of the two plants in treating hospital wastewater. The result, the removal efficiency of COD on Q1 = 0.13 l/h and COD on Q2 = 0.43 l/h for Typha latifolia plants were 87.71% and 67.61%. On Vetiver sp. plants were 90,07% and 68,32%. The removal efficiency of BOD5 on Q1 = 0.13 l/h and Q2 = 0.43 l/h for Typha latifolia plants were 90.00% and 71.7%. On Vetiver sp. plants were 91.69% and 73.29%. The efficiency of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen removal (TKN) Q1 = 0.13 l/h and Q2 = 0.43 l/h for Typha latifolia plants were 91.27% and 61.54%, whereas in Vetiver sp. plants were 92.01% and 62.68%. Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland is capable and feasible for hospital wastewater treatment.

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Evaluation of Tannery Wastewater Treatment by Integrating Vesicular Basalt With Local Plant Species in a Constructed Wetland System

Frontiers in Environmental Science ◽

10.3389/fenvs.2021.721014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Agegnehu Alemu ◽

Nigus Gabbiye ◽

Brook Lemma

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Subsurface Flow ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Tannery Wastewater ◽

Local Plant ◽

Vesicular Basalt ◽

Wetland System ◽

Horizontal Subsurface Flow

Tannery wastewater is composed of a complex mixture of organic and inorganic components from various processes that can critically pollute the environment, especially water bodies if discharged without treatment. In this study, integrated vesicular basalt rock and local plant species were used to establish a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system and to investigate the treatment efficiency of tannery wastewater. Four pilot units were vegetated with P. purpureum, T. domingensis, C. latifolius, and E. pyramidalis, and a fifth unit was left unvegetated (control). The constructed wetland units in horizontal subsurface flow systems were effective in removing total chromium (Cr), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) from the inflow tannery wastewater. The removal efficiency reached up to 99.38, 84.03, and 80.32% for total Cr, COD, and BOD5, respectively, in 6 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT). The removal efficiency of total suspended solid (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), and nitrate (NO3−) of the constructed wetland units reached a maximum of 70.59, 62.32, and 71.23%, respectively. This integrated system was effective for treating tannery wastewater, which is below the Ethiopian surface water standard discharge limit set to BOD5 (200 mg L−1), COD (500 mg L−1), total Cr (2 mg L−1), NO3− (20 mg L−1), TSS (50 mg L−1), and TP (10 mg L−1).

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Investigation on the performance evaluation of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland for the treatment of rural wastewater

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2021.507 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R. Shruthi ◽

G. P. Shivashankara

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Retention Time ◽

Subsurface Flow ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Treatment Unit ◽

Entire Study ◽

Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽

Rural Wastewater

Abstract In rural country like India, low cost and decentralized treatment unit like vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland (VSSF CW) can be reflected as a novel wastewater system. In this concern a pilot-scale VSSF CW unit of size 0.92 m × 0.92 m × 0.85 m bed planted with a Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis was operated for a 12-month duration to treat the simulated rural wastewater. During the operation, a constant head arrangement was done to maintain a continuous flow to achieve 5 different Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days in each seasons such as winter, summer and rainy to investigate the performance of unit under different retention time. Reactor showed optimum removal efficiency at 6 days HRT at 12.5 cm/day Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) for organic matter removal. Both macrophytes and microbial biomass of filter media were effectively treated the rural wastewater. Average removal efficiency of the reactor during entire study were 64.73%–88.80% for Chemical Oxygen Demand, 74.96%–95.34% for Biochemical Oxygen Demand, 40.13%–79.45% for Ammonia Nitrogen, 25.36%–65.65% for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, 22.86%–58.48% for Phosphate phosphorus, 23.50%–55.45% for Total phosphorous, 74.91%–98.59% for Faecal Coliforms and 71.14%–95.31% for Total Coliforms respectively. Two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test showed that HRT had a significant impact on removal efficiency but not the season. Overall performance of the unit was good and study suggested that VSSF CW can be an smart alternative technology to treat rural wastewater before the final disposal.

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USING HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEM IN THE TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER FOR AGRICULTURE PURPOSES

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v50i4.765 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Rahi & Faisal

Keyword(s):

Constructed Wetland ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Subsurface Flow ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽

Real Wastewater ◽

Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽

Reuse Of Treated Wastewater

Reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation purpose can reduce high pressure on freshwater resources. A horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF CW) system filled with gravel and planted with Phragmites Australia was used to treat the real wastewater at Al-Rustumia wastewater treatment plant. Some characteristics of wastewater such as biochemical oxygen demand, phosphate and total suspended solids have been monitored from 15 January until 8 July 2018. The results proved that HSSF unit has a good efficacy in the reduction of previous parameters with removal of 84.2, 55.4 and 72.7% while sulphate and total dissolved solids were less removal efficiency with 3.3 and 0.99 % respectively. The measured values of these parameters were within the permissible limits suitable for irrigation purposes.

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