Evaluation of transportation systems—a behavioural approach

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-504
Author(s):  
D. Khalil ◽  
M. A. Sargious
Keyword(s):  
Utility Function ◽  
Utility Maximization ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
Work Trip ◽  
The City ◽  
System Characteristics

This paper reports the results of a study on developing level of service indices for evaluating urban transportation systems. For this purpose the travel choices of individuals are analyzed considering the effect of the transportation system characteristics on the system's level of service as perceived by the user. A utility maximization approach is used to yield a utility function that contains a new behavioural measure of accessibility. This function is considered as a level of service index that reflects the marginal benefits to a system's user when he makes a trip by the system.The parameters of the level of service indices are determined by using a sample consisting of 2695 trips obtained from the 1976 work trip survey for the City of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Level of service indices are developed for four modes: auto driver, auto passenger, conventional bus, and express bus.The implementation procedure of the indices for assessment and evaluation is shown by a case study for the City of Calgary.

scholarly journals “Unparking”: How can Smart Mobility Reduce Parking Demand in Our Cities to the Minimum? (Beirut Case Study)

Smart Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-185
Author(s):  
Adib Haydar
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Mobility System ◽  
Smart Mobility ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
Parking Demand ◽  
The City

Beirut is a car-dependent city, with 80% of Beirut citizens using their private cars to move across the city (the rate of car ownership is higher than regional and global benchmarks: 627 cars/1000 in Beirut, 550/1000 in Dubai and 170/1000 in Singapore). This reality causes two related impacts: an increased parking demand and decreased public transportation usage. Furthermore, in order to discuss these aspects, our study addresses the following question: How can the municipality’s interventions and mobility system reforms, such as smart public transportation systems and shareable mobility, reduce parking demand? As our methodology, it consists of three sections: (1) determine Beirut's parking problems by estimating parking demand and supply; (2) assess the potential effects of Beirut municipality policies in comparison to international experiences; and (3) evaluate the potential impacts of the smart public transportation system and shareable mobility in reducing parking demand. This paper studies parking growth in developing countries, such as Lebanon, and can help planners, decision-makers, and the Beirut municipality to make more informed decisions about parking policies, and to meet growing parking demand by introducing smart interventions that have high local potentials.

Transportation and Urbanization in Caracas, 1891-1936

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jeffrey Stann
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The City

Urban morphology and growth have been studied by sociologists and others in the United States for half a century. A question raised in some recent studies is: To what extent are urban forms and growth processes universal? Sargent (1972) has proposed a universal model of urban dynamics intended “to relate processes to the spatial development,” particularly residential development, of the city. Sargent uses Buenos Aires between 1870 and 1930 as a case study. This article applies his model to another Latin American capital, Caracas, during approximately the same time period in order to demonstrate imperfections in the model as it relates to the way in which transportation systems expand, the forces which influence their expansion, and the manner in which they affect city growth.

scholarly journals Effects of Bypass in Small and Non-congested Cities: A Case Study of the City Badajoz

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-489
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Coloma ◽  
Marta Garcia ◽  
Raúl Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
City Center ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Congestion Problems ◽  
The City

Small cities with less than 200,000 inhabitants do not usually suffer from chronic congestion problems. However, private vehicles are used excessively, making it necessary to implement measures to encourage further use of public transport and pedestrian mobility to make it more sustainable. Bypasses improve level of service (LOS) by removing cars from the city center, leading to significant reductions in overall travel time. Most studies so far have been conducted in large cities suffering chronic congestion problems, so the aim of this research is to analyze the effects of bypasses in small and non-congested cities through the construction of a traffic model in Badajoz (Spain), starting with the allocation of the origin-destination travel matrix derived from surveys and traffic counts conducted at the southern and eastern accesses. The traffic model describes the mobility in potentially-capturable future southern traffic relationships and allows insights into different alternatives in the construction of a new high LOS road. This research concludes that small cities with no chronic congestion problems should plan bypasses as close as possible to the city, since they are the most economical, produce greater traffic capture, greater time savings, and eliminate the largest number of CO2 emissions from the urban center. The more distant alternatives have a higher LOS, however, these are longer and more expensive solutions that also capture less traffic and thus eliminate less CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals A Case Study on Roundabout under Congestion: Proposal to Improve Current Traffic Operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 2029-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghufraan Mohammed Aboud ◽  
Areej Muhy Abdulwahab ◽  
Qais Sahib Banyhussan ◽  
Hamsa Abbas Zubaidi
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
City Center ◽  
Arterial Streets ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Reduced Costs ◽  
Traffic Operation ◽  
The City

Roundabouts are progressively being utilized on occupied arterial streets for traffic quieting purposes. Be that as it may, on the off chance that one indirect leg is close to a conveyance center point, for instance, stopping territories of strip malls, the passage traffic volumes will be especially high in pinnacle hours. On the basis of the Al-Turkman Roundabout, which is one of the most important roundabouts in Baghdad city, linking the areas of east of Baghdad to the city center in the area of Bab Al-Moatham. This area is characterized by its high traffic volumes (congestion), especially at peak periods causing a low level of service (LOS) with increased travel time delay, costs, and CO2 emissions. The research relied on the use of the SIDRA software to assess these variables by collecting traffic volumes in this area. The research proposed a series of planning procedures which are divided according to serial time scales. These planning procedures are to address the problem of congestion and traffic jams in the area, improve the level of service, and reduce travel time, cost and CO2 emissions. The research concluded that the application of the planning proposals in the study area has improved the level of service from E and F to C, reduced travel time by 16%, reduced costs by 25% and reduced CO2 emissions by 29%.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF GENERATING-DRAWING MOVEMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Yusdianti
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
The City

AbstractThe terminal is a center for the entry and exit of vehicles that have a high intensity in attracting movement as the generation and towing of the vehicle interacts to its destination. Based on the generation, which is generated based on the stages of movement generation, which produces a relationship model that connects land use parameters with the number of movements to a zone. Therefore, this study aims to identify the tank-pull modeling as the movement of transportation of vehicles, people, or goods per unit time. which serves as the center of community activities, the case study of the Presidential Instruction Market Terminal in the city of Namlea in this study there are two kinds of variables, namely a. The independent variables consist of land use systems and transportation systems, b. The dependent variable is the number of transportation needs calculated from the number of traffic flows of passengers, goods, and vehicles on the highway per unit time. Generation and withdrawal based on analysis at the Namlea Inpres market terminal on weekdays fluctuates from 17.00/hour to 77.80/hour. The highest pull-out occurred at 11:00-12:00 at 77.80 pcu/hour, while the lowest was at 17:00-18:00 at 17:00 pcu/hour. the attractiveness of the Inpres Namlea market terminal on holidays fluctuated from 23.40 pcu/hour to 72.60 pcu/hour. The highest draw-up occurred at 11:00-12:00 at 72.60 pcu/hour, while the lowest revitalization occurred at 17:00-18:00 at 23.40 pcu/hour.Keywords: awakening; pull; Terminal; Namlea Inpres Market

scholarly journals Bike Sharing Operation: Case Study in Bandaraya Johor Bahru

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.34) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Nuur Fathin Roslan ◽  
Siti Khatijah Hassan ◽  
Latifah Nordin ◽  
Muhammad Zaly ◽  
Mimi Suraini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
The City ◽  
Operation Case

Bike-sharing is a system that allows people to rent bicycle at one of automatic rental stations scattered around the city, use them for a short journey and return them at any station in the city. A crucial factor for the success of a bike sharing system is its ability to meet the fluctuating demand for bicycles and for vacant lockers at each station. The main goal when implement bike sharing (BS) is to introduce non-motorized vehicles that can substitute other public transport with more positive impact towards the transportation systems. The objectives of this paper are to identify the facility for bike sharing operation in Bandaraya Johor Bahru and to promote Bike Sharing to citizen of Johor.  

scholarly journals Contemporary foundations of the theory of urban development – case study smart, slow and compact city theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Kamil Rysz ◽  
Kinga Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Compact City ◽  
Single Organism ◽  
The City ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Abstract The issue of the concept of development and urban planning in an optimal manner is as old as cities. It has not yet been established which human activities are to be considered as conscious and planned space development. It is assumed that the beginnings of rational, thoughtful urban planning should be sought at a time when cities began to be treated as a single organism, which should function smoothly, guarantee the safety of its inhabitants through defence functions and provide a higher standard of living. The effect of these assumptions was the logical placement of buildings, transportation systems and infrastructure, as well as recreational areas so that life in the city was something more than just miserable existence. This article overlooks former planning theories such as the theories of location by J.H. von Thunen or A. Weber, as well as the projects of a garden city by E. Howard and Functional Warsaw by J. Chmielewski and S. Syrkus. Instead, it focuses on what is currently, at the beginning of the 21st century, up to date and combines contemporary concepts of sustainability and new technologies, and treats the city as a resource of limited space, buildings, infrastructure and people representing both purchasing power and the labour force. The article, apart from theoretical considerations, focused on realizations of ideas in practice, quoting both sectoral solutions related to the organization of transportation in the city, as well as to projects of entire cities.

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