scholarly journals Contemporary foundations of the theory of urban development – case study smart, slow and compact city theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Kamil Rysz ◽  
Kinga Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Compact City ◽  
Single Organism ◽  
The City ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Abstract The issue of the concept of development and urban planning in an optimal manner is as old as cities. It has not yet been established which human activities are to be considered as conscious and planned space development. It is assumed that the beginnings of rational, thoughtful urban planning should be sought at a time when cities began to be treated as a single organism, which should function smoothly, guarantee the safety of its inhabitants through defence functions and provide a higher standard of living. The effect of these assumptions was the logical placement of buildings, transportation systems and infrastructure, as well as recreational areas so that life in the city was something more than just miserable existence. This article overlooks former planning theories such as the theories of location by J.H. von Thunen or A. Weber, as well as the projects of a garden city by E. Howard and Functional Warsaw by J. Chmielewski and S. Syrkus. Instead, it focuses on what is currently, at the beginning of the 21st century, up to date and combines contemporary concepts of sustainability and new technologies, and treats the city as a resource of limited space, buildings, infrastructure and people representing both purchasing power and the labour force. The article, apart from theoretical considerations, focused on realizations of ideas in practice, quoting both sectoral solutions related to the organization of transportation in the city, as well as to projects of entire cities.

scholarly journals New Challenges for a Collaborative Urban Planning: Digital Platform for Promoting Relationship Between Local Administration and Citizens in the City of Malaga

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Francisco Jose Chamizo Nieto ◽  
Nuria Nebot Gomez De Salazar ◽  
Carlos J. Rosa-Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Digital Tool ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
The One ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
The City

The most conventional systems in the Urban Planning practice leave out needs and real social demands through inefficient management models in many cases. Nowadays there is a social, professional and institutional demand to transform these models into new ways of thinking and planning the city that are closer to its inhabitants. In fact, there is a high social involvement of people that are helping or developing activities in favour of their local communities. However, this social activism is not visible nor recognised as the one made by regulated associations. Undoubtedly, the use of new technologies offers a framework of opportunity in these new ways of ”making the city”, as well as it becomes a new area of work and research.In this sense, there are many experiences that incorporate technology as a resource to promote citizen participation in the management of cities. However, only some of them are effective and achieve the goal of becoming a useful tool for citizens. In the city of Malaga, there are already some digital tools at the service of citizenship, although these require a process of revision and updating that allows optimizing existing resources and increasing their impact as a participation tool. As a first step, it is necessary to identify the agents and social initiatives of existing participation in the city.The objective of this project is to create an interactive digital platform that shows the city of Malaga from a real social perspective, as it makes visible and map the emerging non regulated movements, neighbourhood initiatives and new urban trends with low visibility. Finally, the aim is to create a tool for collectives, associations, administrations and other urban agents to promote synergies and relationships among all of them. The incorporation of all of them is essential for the success of the platform as a participation tool. For this, a methodology of actions is established, and it begins with the identification of possible agents and the way of interaction with each one of them. The digital tool that is used is based on the use of geographic location systems.This article collects the results of the first phase of the research project that includes a methodological proposal for mapping the real social activist reality in cities and a functional test of the digital platform created for this. Likewise, an evaluation of the experience and possible improvements to be incorporated in the successive phases of the project is advanced

scholarly journals Dialectical Design Dialogues: Negotiating Ethics in Participatory Planning by Building a Critical Design Atlas

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-251
Author(s):  
Barbara Roosen ◽  
Liesbeth Huybrechts ◽  
Oswald Devisch ◽  
Pieter Van den Broeck
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Participatory Planning ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Everyday Reality ◽  
The City

This article explores ‘dialectical design dialogues’ as an approach to engage with ethics in everyday urban planning contexts. It starts from Paulo Freire’s pedagogical view (1970/2017), in which dialogues imply the establishment of a horizontal relation between professionals and amateurs, in order to understand, question and imagine things in everyday reality, in this case, urban transformations, applied to participatory planning and enriched through David Harvey’s (2000, 2009) dialectical approach. A dialectical approach to design dialogues acknowledges and renegotiates contrasts and convergences of ethical concerns specific to the reality of concrete daily life, rather than artificially presenting daily life as made of consensus or homogeneity. The article analyses an atlas as a tool to facilitate dialectical design dialogues in a case study of a low-density residential neighbourhood in the city of Genk, Belgium. It sees the production of the atlas as a collective endeavour during which planners, authorities and citizens reflect on possible futures starting from a confrontation of competing uses and perspectives of neighbourhood spaces. The article contributes to the state-of-the-art in participatory urban planning in two ways: (1) by reframing the theoretical discussion on ethics by arguing that not only the verbal discourses around designerly atlas techniques but also the techniques themselves can support urban planners in dealing more consciously with ethics (accountability, morality and authorship) throughout urban planning processes, (2) by offering a concrete practice-based example of producing an atlas that supports the participatory articulation and negotiation of dialectical inquiry of ethics through dialogues in a ‘real-time’ urban planning process.

scholarly journals Ecoville: construindo uma cidade para poucos

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Ricardo Serraglio Polucha
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Urban Inequality ◽  
The City ◽  
Density Development

As pesquisas elaboradas para compreender a urbanização desigual em Curitiba enfatizaram o papel do planejamento urbano nesse processo. Entendendo que essa desigualdade é resultado da forma como se dá a valorização da terra e da apropriação diferenciada desta pelas camadas sociais, torna-se necessário compreender como a prática do planejamento urbano se articula a essa dinâmica. Considerando que o avanço dessa discussão deve procurar revelar as causas dessa desigualdade, e não apenas constatar sua existência, este artigo tem como objetivo compreender essa relação a partir da análise de um caso específico: o Ecoville. Originalmente concebido como uma nova frente de expansão urbana que evitaria a ocupação de áreas impróprias na cidade, sua implantação ocorreu de maneira totalmente oposta, produzindo um espaço com baixa densidade populacional voltado para camadas de alta renda. Argumenta-se que o estudo do Ecoville contribui para construir uma explicação sobre a prática do planejamento urbano em Curitiba, porque evidencia as contradições que são produzidas em torno da valorização da terra. Palavras-chave: Ecoville; Curitiba; planejamento urbano; urbanização; valorização da terra. Abstract: In order to understand the uneven urbanization in Curitiba, previous researches have emphasized the role played by urban planning on this process. Believing that this urban inequality results from the manner that land values and ways of occupation by different social classes are established, it urges then to understand the work extent of urban planning on this dynamic. The goal of this article is to move forward the debate on this field by revealing the causes of this inequality, and not only assuming its existence, through the analysis of a specific case study: “Ecoville”. Originally conceived as a new urban front that would avoid settlement at improper areas within the city, its materialisation followed a totally opposed path, producing a low density development only suitable for upper classes. The research of this case study – “Ecoville” – helps to build an explanation of the urban planning practice in Curitiba, as it reveals the contradictions that stir around land values. Keywords: Ecoville; Curitiba; urban planning; urbanization; land valorization.

Edible public space. Experimenting with a socio-environmentally just urbanism

TERRITORIO ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Chiara Tornaghi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Critical Geography ◽  
Space Project ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

This paper presents an English case of urban agriculture, the Edible Public Space Project in Leeds, contextualised in a context of urban agriculture initiatives committed to social-environmental justice, to the reproduction of common goods and the promotion of an urban planning which promotes the right to food and to the construction of urban space from the bottom up. The case study emerged as the result of action-research at the crossroads between urban planning policies, community work and critical geography. As opposed to many similar initiatives, the Edible Public Space Project is not intended merely as a temporary initiative hidden within the tiny folds of the city, but rather as an experiment which imagines and implements alternatives to current forms of urban planning within those folds and it contextualises them in the light of the ecological, fi nancial and social crisis of the last decade.

scholarly journals “Unparking”: How can Smart Mobility Reduce Parking Demand in Our Cities to the Minimum? (Beirut Case Study)

Smart Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-185
Author(s):  
Adib Haydar
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Mobility System ◽  
Smart Mobility ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
Parking Demand ◽  
The City

Beirut is a car-dependent city, with 80% of Beirut citizens using their private cars to move across the city (the rate of car ownership is higher than regional and global benchmarks: 627 cars/1000 in Beirut, 550/1000 in Dubai and 170/1000 in Singapore). This reality causes two related impacts: an increased parking demand and decreased public transportation usage. Furthermore, in order to discuss these aspects, our study addresses the following question: How can the municipality’s interventions and mobility system reforms, such as smart public transportation systems and shareable mobility, reduce parking demand? As our methodology, it consists of three sections: (1) determine Beirut's parking problems by estimating parking demand and supply; (2) assess the potential effects of Beirut municipality policies in comparison to international experiences; and (3) evaluate the potential impacts of the smart public transportation system and shareable mobility in reducing parking demand. This paper studies parking growth in developing countries, such as Lebanon, and can help planners, decision-makers, and the Beirut municipality to make more informed decisions about parking policies, and to meet growing parking demand by introducing smart interventions that have high local potentials.

Transportation and Urbanization in Caracas, 1891-1936

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jeffrey Stann
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The City

Urban morphology and growth have been studied by sociologists and others in the United States for half a century. A question raised in some recent studies is: To what extent are urban forms and growth processes universal? Sargent (1972) has proposed a universal model of urban dynamics intended “to relate processes to the spatial development,” particularly residential development, of the city. Sargent uses Buenos Aires between 1870 and 1930 as a case study. This article applies his model to another Latin American capital, Caracas, during approximately the same time period in order to demonstrate imperfections in the model as it relates to the way in which transportation systems expand, the forces which influence their expansion, and the manner in which they affect city growth.

scholarly journals The city model as a tool for participatory urban planning – a case study: The Bilotti open air museum of Cosenza

2014 ◽  
Vol II-5 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
S. Artese
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
3D City Model ◽  
City Model ◽  
The City ◽  
Citizen’S Participation

The paper describes the implementation of the 3D city model of the pedestrian area of Cosenza, which in recent years has become the Bilotti Open Air Museum (MAB). For this purpose were used both the data available (regional technical map, city maps, orthophotos) and acquired through several surveys of buildings and "Corso Mazzini" street (photos, topographic measurements, laser scanner point clouds). In addition to the urban scale model, the survey of the statues of the MAB was carried out. By means of data processing, the models of the same statues have been created, that can be used as objects within the city model. <br><br> The 3D model of the MAB open air museum has been used to implement a Web-GIS allowing the citizen's participation, understanding and suggestions. The 3D city model is intended as a new tool for urban planning, therefore it has been used both for representing the current situation of the MAB and for design purposes, by acknowledging suggestions regarding a possible different location of the statues and a new way to enjoy the museum.

scholarly journals Idræt og byplanlægning - med København som case

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Eskelund
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Large City ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Central Section ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
City Life ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
The City

Sport and urban planning – with Copenhagen as case study This article deals with the field of sport and urban planning in large cities, with special focus on the municipality of Copenhagen from 1988-2003. In the first place a situation marked by decline is shown to have existed in the field of sport in Copenhagen over recent years (especially in the central section of the city). This provides the opportunity to pose the question of primary concern: How can sport, city life and urban planning be conceived in relation to future guidelines on the politics of sport and on urban planning in a large city such as Copenhagen? The task here is to recommend a way out of decline through an analysis of the area of “sport and urban planning”. Looked at more specifically, in an attempt to break with possibly restrictive thinking patterns, questions have to asked as to the reasoning behind existing politics on this area. What forms of authoritative and legitimate rationalization (and what conditions of power) have been dominating the politics of sport in Copenhagen from 1988- 2003? And how should future guidelines be formulated in order to make sport a more integral part of the city? On this matter a hypothesis is put forward here that sport in a municipal context is subject to a dominant planning norm, which is devoted to an idea of “obligational fellowship”, and that this norm can be restrictive in regard to new thinking on how to make sport a more integral part of the city.

Bikeability in Basel

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Grigore ◽  
Norman Garrick ◽  
Raphael Fuhrer ◽  
Ing. Kay W. Axhausen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
The City ◽  
Turn Direction

“Bikeability” is becoming increasingly relevant in the field of transport- and urban planning. However, it is often unclear how bikeability is defined, let alone how it can be modeled. The goal of this project was to develop a quantitative method to model bikeability. A case study area in the city of Basel, Switzerland was selected for assessing the model. Here “bikeability” is understood as a measure of the ability and convenience in reaching important destinations by bike, based on the travel distance weighted by the perceived safety, -comfort, and -attractiveness of the streets and intersections along the routes. The underlying assumption was that cyclists try to minimize the distance traveled and maximize the perceived safety, -comfort, and -attractiveness of their route of choice. Unlike most of the previous bikeability assessments we reviewed, our method used existing route choice studies to identify attributes for quantifying cycling quality, which presumably results in a model that more accurately reflects real-life behavior. Many relevant attributes that have not been captured by previous models are included in this work, such as the high curbs of tram stops, tram tracks, and the turn direction at intersections. The method is suitable for several applications in urban planning, such as the identification of locations that need improvement and the comparison of planning measures. The current model covers conventional bikes used by commuting cyclists. However, the method could be used for E-bikes and non-commuting cyclists by applying the appropriate input values.

Evaluation of transportation systems—a behavioural approach

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-504
Author(s):  
D. Khalil ◽  
M. A. Sargious
Keyword(s):  
Utility Function ◽  
Utility Maximization ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
Work Trip ◽  
The City ◽  
System Characteristics

This paper reports the results of a study on developing level of service indices for evaluating urban transportation systems. For this purpose the travel choices of individuals are analyzed considering the effect of the transportation system characteristics on the system's level of service as perceived by the user. A utility maximization approach is used to yield a utility function that contains a new behavioural measure of accessibility. This function is considered as a level of service index that reflects the marginal benefits to a system's user when he makes a trip by the system.The parameters of the level of service indices are determined by using a sample consisting of 2695 trips obtained from the 1976 work trip survey for the City of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Level of service indices are developed for four modes: auto driver, auto passenger, conventional bus, and express bus.The implementation procedure of the indices for assessment and evaluation is shown by a case study for the City of Calgary.

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