Influence of COVID-19 Mobility-Restricting Policies on Individual Travel Behavior in Malaysia

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in new postpandemic travel patterns as a result of the stay-at-home policies and restricted movement orders imposed by the Malaysian government. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in individual travel behavior after the government imposed a series of lockdowns, also known as movement control orders (MCO). From March to April 2021, a questionnaire survey was distributed throughout Malaysia, and 435 complete responses were collected. Results indicated that the respondents predominantly chose private cars for various traveling purposes during the pandemic. When choosing a travel mode during the pandemic, married respondents and essential workers placed a significantly higher priority on pandemic-related - items such as cleanliness, infection concern, social distance, and wearing face masks, compared to single respondents and nonessential workers. Binary logistic regression models were developed to estimate individuals’ propensity to make trips for different purposes, i.e., work/study, social activities, recreational activities, and religious activities. Results indicated that essential workers were nearly three times more likely than the general population to make a work trip during the pandemic. Regarding social and recreational trips, males were more likely to make such types of trips as compared to females. Furthermore, those who perceived a higher risk of infection were less likely to make social and recreational trips. Regarding religious trips, males were significantly more likely to make such trips during the pandemic as compared to females. In addition, Muslims had significantly higher odds of making a trip for religious purposes during the pandemic. The findings of this study could be useful in transportation planning when considering travel restrictions during pandemics based on peoples’ travel purposes and mode choices.

Kinerja Bus Trans Padang Koridor IV dan Karateristik Penumpangnya

In order to counterbalance movement of the city is by building mass transportation. However, the number of users who interested in using Trans Padang Corridor IV is relatively low. Analysis of the performance and passengers characteristics of the Trans Padang Corridor IV Bus is useful for improving performance based on the characteristics of the passengers. This study used a quantitative method in the form of observations, interviews, and also questionnaires which were described descriptively. Performance analysis was based on the decision of the Director General of Land Transportation No.SK.687/AJ.206/DRJD/2002. Based on the performance analysis (load factor, headway, waiting time, amount of buses, travel time, speed, capacity and cycle time) only waiting time was in accordance with the reference. For the passengers characteristics dominated by women, age range 36-45 years old, live in Lubuk Buaya urban village, private employee occupation, salary range <Rp. 500,000, do not have personal vehicle, the distance from the house to the bus stop is about 500m-1 km, work trip destination, reach the departure bus stop and final destination on foot, the time took from the departure to the destination is <5 minutes, the location of the departure stop is at the Lubuk Buaya bus stop, the destination area is Lubuk Buaya urban village, and the reasons for choosing the bus are because of the safety and the convenience of the bus.

The Influence of Travel of Puri Yuhana and Bukit Khatulistiwa Housing Residents on the Travel Chain.

In making a work trip, apart from being faced with the time of departure and the mode used, the journey of the residents of the Puri Yuhana and Bukit Khatulistiwa housing estates on their work trips is not only direct to the right destination but there are several workers who take school children or other families first and then go to the right place. work or take care of office work elsewhere then go to work. This study aims to (1) Identify the Characteristics of Residents of Puri Yuhana Housing and Bukit Khatulistiwa. (2) Knowing the Effect of Traveling Residents of Puri Yuhana Housing and Bukit Khatulistiwa on the Travel Chain. This research was conducted in Puri Yuhana Housing and Bukit Khatulistiwa, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan km 4, Biringkanaya sub-district, Makassar. The results showed that the pattern of the travel chain for the residents of the Puri Yuhana Housing was dominant with the pattern of home – taking children to school – workplace – home, significantly influenced by the number of family members who worked and when they came home from work, while the pattern of the travel chain for the residents of Bukit Khatulistiwa Housing was dominant. with the homework – home pattern, significantly influenced by the number of family members, motorcycle ownership, departure time, and travel time

Infinite Next: Grímsvötn caldera and planet Earth

In this article artists Anna Líndal and Bjarki Bragason discuss their work Two thousand nineteen hundred and Nineteen. The work was presented during the Iceland Glaciological Society’s (IGS) work trip to the Grímsvötn caldera in Vatnajökull glacier on 31. August 2019 in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of Hakon Wadell’s and Erik Ygberg’s 1919 expedition to the area and its subsequent mapping. Anna Líndal’s photographic work, Untouched expanse in the opening of the article addresses the importance of observing and recognizing the significance of minor events within the larger context of the environment. The Grímsvötn caldera is in the work observed as a self contained system which, although remote and harsh to its visitors, the artist proposes that it mirrors changes in the world at large. Even though footsteps trodden in the area vanish and blend into the environment, the bodily pressure of one person’s foot creates an imprint which acts as a reflector for sunbeams as ash is moved from the surface of the ice, making it more susceptible to exposure and melting. In this way the environment is continuously altered by human activity despite its constant appearance as untouched wilderness. Their two-part work presented and donated to the IGS cabin at Grímsfjall, Líndal and Bragason aimed to underscore the collision of human and geological time scales which may be discerned through the recognition of the anniversary of human eyes first laying sight on the caldera and its emergence from being an idea in the world (for example in Peter Raben’s 1720 map of Iceland) to becoming a mapped site. One component of the work is a set of cake plates which display two maps of Vatnajökull glacier, on the top side Wadell and Ygberg’s 1919 expedition path is dotted (the first recorded West-East crossing of the glacier). The underside of the plate reveals a recent map of Vatnajökull and the many, though not finite, survey lines established there in recent years and decades. Before the 22 participants in the trip to Grímsvötn drove together from the IGS cabin to the edge of the caldera, to stand in what is believed to be the spot where Wadell and Ygberg put down their tent a century ago, cake with a sugar printed map of the 1919 journey was served on the plates. The second component of the artistic gesture made during the 2019 trip was a wish from the artists to the participants in the trip to walk in silence from where the cars were parked towards the edge of the caldera. Silence in this context served as a means for individual critical and poetic reflection, offering participants for a short moment the opportunity to experience on their own terms the significance of seeing the caldera unfold in front of them at this momentous point in the site’s history.

Estimation of trip generation rates for residential land use in Uyo, Nigeria

Change in trip rates affects a transportation system and could lead to the redesign of the transport infrastructure in order to satisfy the new demand. This study estimates trip generation rates for residential land use in Uyo using cross classification method. Five (5) residential estates were considered and household survey carried out to collect trip data from 500 households on purpose and mode of travel through household interview and their response recorded in questionnaire. Four independent variables (household size, household income, car ownership, number of employed persons) were used for the study based on the prevailing conditions of theresidential land use. Cross-classification trip rates were developed from the most significant variables; household size, household income and car ownership. The analysis indicated that work trip produced the highest reported trip rates of 29.6% followed by religious trip of 24.7%. Similarly, private car trips contributed 42.8% of trips made by mode of travel as the highest trip. It was found that household size is the strongest socio-economic variable that influence trip generation in residential land use in Uyo. The cross-classification trip rates developed in this study could provide basis for the estimation of trip generation in residential land use in Uyo. Keywords: Trip generation; analysis of variance, ANOVA; cross classification

GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND-USE MIXTURE AND HOME– BASED TRIP MAKING AND MORE: CASE OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA

Richmond, Virginia has implemented numerous mixed land-use policies to encourage non-private-vehicle commuting for decades based on the best practices of other cities and the assumption that land-use mixture would positively lead to trip reduction. This paper uses both Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and statistical tools to empirically test this hypothesis. With local land use and trip making data as inputs, it first calculates two common indices of land-use mixture - entropy and dissimilarity indices, using GIS tool, supplemented by Microsoft Excel. Afterwards, it uses Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to calculate the correlation matrices among land-use mixture indices, socioeconomic variables, and home-based work/other trip rates, followed by a series of regression model runs on these variables. Through this study, it has been found that land-use mixture has some but weak effects on home-based work trip rate, and virtually no effects on home-based other trip rate. In contrast, socioeconomic variables, especially auto ownership, have larger effects on home-based trip making.

Anticipating land-use impacts of self-driving vehicles in the Austin, Texas, region

This paper used an implementation of the land-use model SILO in Austin, Texas, over a 27-year period with an aim to understand the impacts of the full adoption of self-driving vehicles on the region’s residential land use. SILO was integrated with MATSim for the Austin region. Land-use and travel results were generated for a business-as-usual case (BAU) of 0% self-driving or “autonomous” vehicles (AVs) over the model timeframe versus a scenario in which households’ value of travel time savings (VTTS) was reduced by 50% to reflect the travel-burden reductions of no longer having to drive. A third scenario was also compared and examined against BAU to understand the impacts of rising vehicle occupancy (VO) and/or higher roadway capacities due to dynamic ride-sharing (DRS) options in shared AV (SAV) fleets. Results suggested an 8.1% increase in average work-trip times when VTTS fell by 50% and VO remained unaffected (the 100% AV scenario) and a 33.3% increase in the number of households with “extreme work-trips” (over 1 hour, each way) in the final model year (versus BAU of 0% AVs). When VO was raised to 2.0 and VTTS fell instead by 25% (the “Hi-DRS” SAV scenario), average work-trip times increased by 3.5% and the number of households with “extreme work-trips” increased by 16.4% in the final model year (versus BAU of 0% AVs). The model also predicted 5.3% fewer households and 19.1% more available, developable land in the city of Austin in the 100% AV scenario in the final model year relative to the BAU scenario’s final year, with 5.6% more households and 10.2% less developable land outside the city. In addition, the model results predicted 5.6% fewer households and 62.9% more available developable land in the city of Austin in the Hi-DRS SAV scenario in the final model year relative to the BAU scenario’s final year, with 6.2% more households and 9.9% less developable land outside the city.

Binary classification with covariate selection through ℓ0-penalised empirical risk minimisation

Summary We consider the problem of binary classification with covariate selection. We construct a classification procedure by minimising the empirical misclassification risk with a penalty on the number of selected covariates. This optimisation problem is equivalent to obtaining an ℓ0-penalised maximum score estimator. We derive probability bounds on the estimated sparsity as well as on the excess misclassification risk. These theoretical results are nonasymptotic and established in a high-dimensional setting. In particular, we show that our method yields a sparse solution whose ℓ0-norm can be arbitrarily close to true sparsity with high probability and obtain the rates of convergence for the excess misclassification risk. We implement the proposed procedure via the method of mixed-integer linear programming. Its numerical performance is illustrated in Monte Carlo experiments and a real data application of the work-trip transportation mode choice.