MICROBES AND NITRATES IN SOILS FROM VIRGIN AND YOUNG-GROWTH FORESTS

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Bollen ◽  
Ernest Wright
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Coastal Soils ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Young Growth

Penicillium spp. predominated in samples of forest soils except occasionally at depths of more than three inches, when Mucor and Aspergillus spp. sometimes were more abundant. Incubation for 30 days at 28 °C and 50 per cent water-holding capacity frequently increased the percentage of Mucor spp. as well as Penicillium spp. Mucor spp. were consistently more prominent in soils associated with alder than for other coastal soils. Mucor and Aspergillus spp. also appeared often in soil from stands of ponderosa pine growing east of the Cascades.The greatest concentration of nitrogen as NO3− in unincubated soils was found in a young red alder stand. Samples of soil from stands of virgin coastal redwood showed no nitrate nitrogen. Soils from stands of virgin Sitka spruce, however, showed considerable nitrate content, which increased markedly with incubation.With few exceptions, bacteria and actinomycetes were most numerous in F layers of soil. Incubation greatly increased these populations in most soils.

scholarly journals Nitrate Leakage from Deciduous Forest Soils into Streams on Kureha Hill, Japan

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 548-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Honoki ◽  
T. Kawakami ◽  
H. Yasuda ◽  
I. Maehara
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Episodic Event ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

Nitrate leakage from deciduous forest soils into streams was investigated for two adjacent hills. Many of the streams on Kureha Hill, located in Toyama City, Japan, have extremely high nitrate concentrations. The nitrate concentration of Hyakumakidani, one of the streams on Kureha Hill, averaged 158 μeq l-1and reached 470 μeq l-1during an episodic event. In contrast, the streams on Imizu Hill, adjacent to Kureha Hill, had low concentrations, below 15 μeq l-1. Even during an episode, the nitrate concentrations increased to no more than 75 μeq l-1.Both areas have similar blown forest soils, C/N ratios in O horizons, and vegetation consisting primarily of deciduous trees. However, soil incubation experiments, which lasted for 4 weeks, revealed that the nitrification rates in the surface soils of Kureha Hill were much higher than in the soils of Imizu Hill.

Relations between red alder composition and understory vegetation in young mixed forests of southeast Alaska

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A Hanley ◽  
Robert L Deal ◽  
Ewa H Orlikowska
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Understory Biomass ◽  
Young Growth

Interest in mixed red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) – conifer young-growth stands has grown in southeast Alaska, USA, because they appear to provide much more productive understory vegetation and wildlife habitat than do similar-aged pure conifer stands. We studied understory vegetation in nine even-aged young-growth stands (38–42 years old) comprising a gradient of red alder – conifer overstory composition, with red alder ranging from 0% to 86% of stand basal area. Conifers were Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don). We measured understory biomass and net production (current annual growth) in each stand by species and plant part and estimated carrying capacity for black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis Cowan) with a food-based habitat model. Highly significant positive relations (P < 0.002) were found between red alder basal area and all of the following: total understory biomass (r2 = 0.743), net production of shrubs (r2 = 0.758) and herbs (r2 = 0.855), and summer carrying capacity for deer (r2 = 0.846). The high correlation between red alder and herbaceous production is especially important, because herbs are least abundant and most difficult to maintain in young-growth conifer forests of this region. Red alder offers prospects for increasing understory vegetation biomass and its food value for deer and other wildlife when included as a hardwood overstory species in mixed hardwood–conifer young-growth forests.

Wildfire reduces carbon dioxide efflux and increases methane uptake in ponderosa pine forest soils of the southwestern USA

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Sullivan ◽  
Thomas E. Kolb ◽  
Stephen C. Hart ◽  
Jason P. Kaye ◽  
Bruce A. Hungate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Methane Uptake ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Efflux ◽  
Southwestern Usa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine Forest

scholarly journals Warpage of studs from young growth ponderosa pine from northern New Mexico /

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Markstrom ◽  
Rudy M. King ◽  
Craig E. Shuler ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Young Growth

scholarly journals Variations Regularity of Soil Nitrate Nitrogen in Hebei Piedmont Plain

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Huiyan Gao ◽  
Luhua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Piedmont Plain ◽  
Groundwater Environment

Field experiment was carried out to study on the spatial and temporal distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen at Ranzhuang water resources experiment station in Hebei piedmont plain from 2011 to 2012. The results show that nitrate nitrogen content varies in sinusoidal curve at shallow tilth soil and shows in “W” shape at deep soil profile during the wheat-maize rotation period. Nitrate nitrogen is mainly accumulated in 0~100cm soil and the maximum value occur at reviving stage in the wheat growth period. In the maize growth period, the distribution of nitrate nitrogen is double peak curve in 0∼500cm soil profile. The maximum peak emerges at 150∼260cm, the peak of soil nitrate content is between 36.7∼106.36mg/kg. In 0∼500cm soil layers, the cumulative amount of nitrate nitrogen is 1430.56∼5126.05 kg/hm2. The amount of nitrate nitrogen leaching is 1294.13kg/hm, which is 52.29% of the total amount of annual fertilization. It is scientific and technical groundwork to improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and protect groundwater environment.

scholarly journals Moisture, Water Holding, Drying and Wetting in Forest Soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
pp. 174-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Blažka ◽  
Zofia Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Water Holding

Notes: Acid Phosphatase Activity in Forest Soil

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-568
Author(s):  
Iwan Ho
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Alder Forest ◽  
Western Juniper

Abstract Acid phosphatase activity in soil was significantly higher in a red alder forest and in a mixed red alder-Douglas-fir forest than in pure stands of Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, lodge-pole pine, or western juniper or in a pasture. Forest Sci. 25:567-568.

Ways of improving the use of photosynthetically active radiation in potato cultivation in the middle Volga steppe

10.12737/2169 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Владимиров ◽  
Sergey Vladimirov
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Middle Volga

The efficacy of using the calculated doses of fertilizers for upcoming harvests potatoes was studied. As a result of studies of the potato leaf area formation dynamics on gray forest soils of the Middle Volga steppe, its dependence on mineral nutrition level was revealed. Their impact on productivity and quality of potato tubers was identified. The efficacy of calculated doses of fertilizers for upcoming potato harvests were studied. Fertilizing crops by scheduled doses, counted by cash- balance method for upcoming yields of 25-40 tons per hectare, provided the formation of 90,5-98,0% of the target yield. The nitrate content in all versions of the experiment was below the maximum admissible concentration. However, with increasing fertilizers amount, their content was increased in 1,24-1,73 times (without fertilizers - 41 mg / kg of wet weight). As a result of studies of the dynamics of potato leaf area formation on gray forest soils of the Middle Volga steppe, we revealed its dependence on mineral nutrition level. The photosynthetic potential (PP) during the growing season of potato Udacha, was in the first version without fertilizers 2.173, the second 2.520, in the third 2.910, fourth 3.196 and fifth 3.575 million square meter per hectare * days, i.e. with an increase in fertilization rates, the photosynthetic potential increased accordingly to 0.347-1.402 million units, for every thousand units of photosynthetic potential we obtained from 7.2 to 10.8 kg potato tubers. A starch content varied from a few of fertilizers. The maximum starch content (14 %) was obtained in the second way, calculated on the tuber yield of 25 tons per hectare. A further increase in the background was led to some of its decline.

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