Some factors influencing vitamin B12 production by Pseudomonas denitrificans

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 809-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horace J. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Pseudomonas Denitrificans ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Vitamin Production

The effect of known precursors and cofactors on vitamin B12 production has been studied in a basal, chemically defined medium composed of sucrose, glutamic acid, and mineral salts. Only a carbon source, betaine, and Co2+ were found to be essential for vitamin B12 production. Known precursors such as methionine, δ-aminolevulinic acid, succinic acid, and 1-amino-2-propanol had no effect. Glycine was inhibitory to growth. Oxalic acid, lactic acid, 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, and Mo2+ stimulated vitamin B12 biosynthesis. Of special interest is oxalic acid, which at a level of 0.04% w/v increased vitamin production about 20%, and with washed cells could replace glutamic acid, which had been demonstrated to be essential for both growth and vitamin B12 production. When use of oxalate was followed, it was found that this acid disappeared during the period of rapid growth and vitamin production and then reappeared during the final stages of the fermentation cycle.

A chemically defined medium for Treponema strain PR-7 isolated from the intestine of a pig with swine dysentery

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1073-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Smibert ◽  
Raymond L. Claterbaugh Jr
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Swine Dysentery ◽  
End Products

The nutrition of treponeme strain PR-7 isolated from the intestinal tract of a pig with swine dysentery was studied. The organism fermented arabinose, xylose, maltose, cellobiose, glucose, galactose, mannose, lactose, pectin, and starch. The end products of fermentation of glucose were major amounts of succinic acid, moderate amounts of acetic and formic acid, and a trace of lactic acid and ethanol.Strain PR-7 required glutamate, aspartate, proline, leucine, methionine, arginine, valine, alanine, serine, lysine, glycine, threonine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine, tryptophan, glutamine, asparagine, and spermine. The organism also required nicotinamide, folic acid, pyridoxal, thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenate, choline, α-lipoic acid, and biotin. The fatty acids isobutyrate, n-valerate, acetate, and pyruvate were needed as well as ammonium sulfate. A fermentable energy source such as glucose was necessary for growth, as well as carbon dioxide. Heme was also required and the organism was stimulated by vitamin B12, ascorbic acid, ornithine, and para-aminobenzoic acid. Heme could be replaced by catalase, myoglobin, and peroxidase.Ten other treponemes that were isolated from the intestines of normal pigs as well as from pigs with swine dysentery and had phenotypic characteristics similar to strain PR-7 grew in the defined medium.

Relationship of the internal solute composition to the salt tolerance of Halomonas elongata

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell H. Vreeland ◽  
Bradley D. Mierau ◽  
Carol D. Litchfield ◽  
Eugene L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Pressure Increase ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Halomonas Elongata ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Solute Composition

The recently described genus Halomonas contains bacteria which are extremely tolerant to salt. The basis for this halotolerance was studied in cells grown in a chemically defined medium containing 0.05, 1.37, or 3.4 M NaCl. The organisms increase the intracellular concentration of sodium and calcium as well as glutamic acid and alanine as the concentration of NaCl in the growth medium increases. The data indicate that in high salt concentrations the osmotic pressure increase associated with those internal changes detected in this study does not balance the changes in the external osmotic pressure.

Requirements for growth of Pasteurella ureae in a chemically defined medium

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109
Author(s):  
G. E. Wessman ◽  
Geraldine Wessman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium

The nutritional requirements for culture of Pasteurella ureae in a chemically defined medium were determined. The medium in which the species grew best contained 16 amino acids: L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, and L-threonine were nutritionally essential; L-aspartic acid, L-leucine, and L-tryptophane were markedly stimulatory. The species also required uracil plus two purines, and two vitamins, nicotinamide and pantothenate.

scholarly journals Influence of Vitamin B12 and Cocultures on the Growth of Dehalococcoides Isolates in Defined Medium

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2847-2853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong He ◽  
Victor F. Holmes ◽  
Patrick K. H. Lee ◽  
Lisa Alvarez-Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Doubling Time ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Acetobacterium Woodii ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Dehalococcoides Ethenogenes ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT Bacteria belonging to the genus Dehalococcoides play a key role in the complete detoxification of chloroethenes as these organisms are the only microbes known to be capable of dechlorination beyond dichloroethenes to vinyl chloride (VC) and ethene. However, Dehalococcoides strains usually grow slowly with a doubling time of 1 to 2 days and have complex nutritional requirements. Here we describe the growth of Dehalococcoides ethenogenes 195 in a defined mineral salts medium, improved growth of strain 195 when the medium was amended with high concentrations of vitamin B12, and a strategy for maintaining Dehalococcoides strains on lactate by growing them in consortia. Although strain 195 could grow in defined medium spiked with ∼0.5 mM trichloroethene (TCE) and 0.001 mg/liter vitamin B12, the TCE dechlorination and cellular growth rates doubled when the vitamin B12 concentration was increased 25-fold to 0.025 mg/liter. In addition, the final ratios of ethene to VC increased when the higher vitamin concentration was used, which reflected the key role that cobalamin plays in dechlorination reactions. No further improvement in dechlorination or growth was observed when the vitamin B12 concentration was increased to more than 0.025 mg/liter. In defined consortia containing strain 195 along with Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and/or Acetobacterium woodii and containing lactate as the electron donor, tetrachloroethene (∼0.4 mM) was completely dechlorinated to VC and ethene and there was concomitant growth of Dehalococcoides cells. In the cultures that also contained D. desulfuricans and/or A. woodii, strain 195 cells grew to densities that were 1.5 times greater than the densities obtained when the isolate was grown alone. The ratio of ethene to VC was highest in the presence of A. woodii, an organism that generates cobalamin de novo during metabolism. These findings demonstrate that the growth of D. ethenogenes strain 195 in defined medium can be optimized by providing high concentrations of vitamin B12 and that this strain can be grown to higher densities in cocultures with fermenters that convert lactate to generate the required hydrogen and acetate and that may enhance the availability of vitamin B12.

Improved cryopreservation of domestic cat sperm in a chemically defined medium

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 2120-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Vick ◽  
H.L. Bateman ◽  
C.A. Lambo ◽  
W.F. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Defined Medium ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium

scholarly journals The growth of Paracoccus halodenitrificans in a defined medium

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence I. Hochstein ◽  
Geraldine A. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Aerobic Growth ◽  
Methionine Biosynthesis ◽  
Dependent Pathway

A synthetic medium, consisting of inorganic salts and any of a number of carbon sources, supported the aerobic growth of Paracoccus halodenitrificans when supplemented with thiamine. The same medium plus an appropriate nitrogenous oxide supported anaerobic growth when additionally supplemented with methionine. The observation that vitamin B12 or betaine replaced methionine suggested that P. halodenitrificans had a defect in the cobalamin-dependent pathway for methionine biosynthesis, as well as the inability to synthesize betaine when growing anaerobically.

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