Soil fungistasis: elevation of the exogenous carbon and nitrogen requirements for spore germination by fungistatic volatiles in soils

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1468-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Griffin ◽  
T. S. Hora ◽  
Ralph Baker
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
Soil Fungistasis

Axenic, washed conidia of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, Aspergillus flavus, and Verticillium albo-atrum were placed on washed Difco purified agar discs along with an inorganic salt solution containing various levels of carbon and nitrogen substrates. These discs were exposed to volatiles from six soils (pH 5.1–8.6). Fusarium solani macroconidial germination was inhibited mostly by volatiles from soils of pH 5.1, 6.1, 7.0, and 7.5, but high levels of glucose and NH4Cl reversed this inhibition, raising germination to that of no-soil, no-carbon or nitrogen controls. Conidial germination of A. flavus was inhibited mainly by volatiles from high pH (7.0, 7.8, and 8.6) soils, and increased levels of glucose plus an amino acid mixture nullified this inhibition. Volatiles from soils of pH 5.1, 6.1, and 7.5 stimulated A. flavus conidial germination. Assays after the removal of CO2 from the air above soil of pH 5.1 demonstrated that volatiles inhibitory to A. flavus were produced by this soil. Assays indicated that a KOH-soluble compound was a fungistatic soil volatile to F. solani macroconidial germination. The nullification by carbon and nitrogen substrates of F. solani and A. flavus inhibition caused by soil volatiles parallels that for soil fungistasis. Conidial germination of V. albo-atrum was markedly stimulated by volatiles in all soils tested, and was not affected by removal of CO2. Inhibitory soil volatiles may increase the nutritional requirements for spore germination of certain fungi.

Exogenous carbon and nitrogen requirements for conidial germination by Aspergillus flavus

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1453-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pass ◽  
G. J. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Acid Mixtures ◽  
Carry Over

In a phosphate-buffered (pH 5.7) inorganic salts solution (B), nearly full dependence on exogenous carbon was found for germination of washed, Tween 20-treated conidia of Aspergillus flavus over a range of conidial densities. No exogenous carbon-independent germination was observed for settling tower-deposited dry conidia. At equivalent carbon, an amino acid mixture supported highest germination of washed conidia; proline, alanine, or glucose plus NH4Cl supported higher germination than several other single amino acids or single sugars plus NH4Cl tested. When exogenous carbon was supplied as glucose, total and percentage germination of washed conidia were influenced more by exogenous nitrogen, supplied as NH4Cl, as the conidial density increased and as the glucose and NH4Cl concentrations increased. At equivalent nitrogen, proline alone, or certain amino acid mixtures supported highest germination of several nitrogen sources in B solution plus glucose. Germination decreased as the conidial density decreased when exogenous carbon and nitrogen were supplied at each density at constant amounts per conidium. Removal of CO2 from the germination medium inhibited germination. Tween 20 and Tergitol NPX stimulated germination of settling tower-deposited conidia. "Amino acid carry-over" for conidial germination was not demonstrated. The possible relation of these findings to the ecology of conidial germination in soil is discussed.

An open-label, single-center pilot study to test the effects of an amino acid mixture in older patients admitted to internal medicine wards

Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 110588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bellanti ◽  
Aurelio Lo Buglio ◽  
Elena Di Stasio ◽  
Giorgia di Bello ◽  
Rosanna Tamborra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Internal Medicine Wards

Choosing A Balanced Amino Acid Mixture

1970 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture

scholarly journals Effect of co-ingestion of amino acids with rice on glycaemic and insulinaemic response

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1845-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yean Yean Soong ◽  
Joseph Lim ◽  
Lijuan Sun ◽  
Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Amino Acid Mixtures

AbstractConsumption of high glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic response (GR) food such as white rice has been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have reported the ability of individual amino acids to reduce GR of carbohydrate-rich foods. Because of the bitter flavour of amino acids, they have rarely been used to reduce GR. We now report the use of a palatable, preformed amino acid mixture in the form of essence of chicken. In all, sixteen healthy male Chinese were served 68 or 136 ml amino acid mixture together with rice, or 15 or 30 min before consumption of white rice. Postprandial blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured at fasting and every 15 min after consumption of the meal until 60 min after the consumption of the white rice. Subsequent blood samples were taken at 30-min intervals until 210 min. The co-ingestion of 68 ml of amino acid mixture with white rice produced the best results in reducing the peak blood glucose and GR of white rice without increasing the insulinaemic response. It is postulated that amino acid mixtures prime β-cell insulin secretion and peripheral tissue uptake of glucose. The use of ready-to-drink amino acid mixtures may be a useful strategy for lowering the high-GI rice diets consumed in Asia.

Urea Excretion in Adult Humans with Varying Degrees of Kidney Malfunction Fed Milk, Egg or an Amino Acid Mixture: Assessment of Nitrogen Balance

1973 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Pedro Cottini ◽  
Daniel Lino Gallina ◽  
Jose Miguel Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Urea Excretion ◽  
Adult Humans

scholarly journals Randomized trial of amino acid mixture combined with physical activity promotion for abdominal fat reduction in overweight adults

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Keisuke Ueda ◽  
Hiroyuki Sasai ◽  
Takehiko Tsujimoto ◽  
Chiaki Sanbongi ◽  
Shuji Ikegami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Physical Activity Promotion ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Fat Reduction ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Overweight Adults

Olfactory Conditioning by Association with Histidine-Free or Balanced Amino Acid Loads in Rats†

1973 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Simson ◽  
D. A. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Conditioned Aversion ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Olfactory Conditioning ◽  
Conditioned Preference ◽  
Gastric Intubation ◽  
Protein Free Diet

An histidine-devoid but otherwise balanced amino acid mixture depressed food intake from 2 hr after its gastric intubation. It induced conditioned aversion to an odour incorporated in a protein-free diet presented for 6 h following intubation. In other rats, a balanced amino acid mixture established conditioned preference for odour presented in the same diet for 6 h following intubation. The degree of preference was considerably less than the degree of aversion.

scholarly journals Emerging trends in management of propionic acidemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Propionic Acidemia ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Term Management

Objetivo : To evaluate the therapeutic agents used during metabolic crises and in long-term management of patients with propionic acidemia (PA).Materials and methods : The records of PA patients were retrospectively evaluated.Results : The study group consisted of 30 patients with 141 admissions. During metabolic crises, hyperammonemia was found in 130 (92%) admissions and almost all patients were managed with normal saline, ≥ 10% dextrose, and restriction of protein intake. In 56 (40%) admissions, management was done in intensive care unit, 31 (22%) with mechanical ventilation, 10 (7%) with haemodialysis, 16 (11%) with vasopressor agents, and 12 (9%) with insulin. In the rescue procedure, L-carnitine was used in 135 (96%) patients, sodium bicarbonate in 116 (82%), sodium benzoate in 76 (54%), and metronidazole in 10 (7%), biotin in about one-quarter, L-arginine in one third, and antibiotics in three-quarter of the admissions. Blood/packed RBCs were used in 28 (20%) patients, platelets in 26 (18%), fresh frozen plasma in 8 (6%), and granulocyte-colony stimulating factors in 10 (7%) admissions. All patients were managed completely/partially with medical nutrition formula plus amino acid mixture, vitamins and minerals. For long-term management 24 (80%) patients were on L-carnitine, 22 (73%) on sodium benzoate, 6 (20%) on biotin, one half on alkaline therapy and 4 (13%) on regular metronidazole use. Almost all patients were on medical formula and regular follow-up.Conclusion : Aggressive and adequate management of acute metabolic crises with restriction of protein intake, stabilization of patient, reversal of catabolism, and removal of toxic metabolites are essential steps. Concerted efforts to ensure adequate nutrition, to minimize the risk of acute decompensation and additional therapeutic advances are imperative to improve the outcome of PA patients. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):237-42

Liver extract and its free amino acids equally stimulate gastric acid secretion

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (6) ◽  
pp. G493-G496 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Feldman ◽  
M. I. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid Secretion ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Liver Extract ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture

Using intragastric titration in dogs with gastric fistulas, dose-response studies were carried out with liver extract and with a mixture of amino acids that matched the free amino acids found in liver extract. All solutions were adjusted to pH 7.0 and osmolality to 290 mosmol x kg-1. Doses are expressed as the sum of the concentrations of all free amino acids. At each dose studied (free amino acid concentration: 2.8, 5.6, 11, 23, and 45 mM), acid secretion in response to the free amino acid mixture was not significantly different from that of liver extract. The peak response to both liver extract and the free amino acid mixture occurred with the 23-mM dose and represented about 60% of the maximal response to histamine. The serum concentrations of gastrin after liver extract and the amino acid mixture were not significantly different. It is concluded that in dogs with gastric fistula, gastric acid secretion and release of gastrin were not significantly different in response to liver extract and to a mixture of amino acids that simulated the free amino acid content of liver extract.

scholarly journals Effects of Vespa Amino Acid Mixture (VAAM) lsolated from Hornet Larval Saliva and Modified VAAM Nutrients on Endurance Exercise in Swimming Mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKASHI ABE ◽  
YOSHIMI TAKIGUCHI ◽  
MASAHIRO TAMURA ◽  
JUNKO SHIMURA ◽  
KEN-ICHI YAMAZAKI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture
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