Survival stages of a psychrotrophic Cytophaga johnsonae strain

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 841-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Reichardt ◽  
Richard Y. Morita
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Glucose Incorporation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Murein Sacculus ◽  
Cellular Dna ◽  
Psychrotrophic Strain ◽  
Substrate Affinities

Cells of a psychrotrophic strain of Cytophaga johnsonae, when exposed to starvation in a mineral salts medium, produced short viable rods, viable coccoids, and moribund elongated cells as a function of the incubation temperature. Starvation for 14 days or longer resulted in an increase of the cellular DNA to protein ratio. While rod-shaped cells possessed an intermediate layer identified as murein sacculus, coccoid cells displayed the common properties of spheroplasts, and their formation was frequently preceded by a pestlelike intermediate stage. During survival, substrate affinities (1/Km) for transport, respiration, and incorporation of glucose increased in both rod and coccoid cells. The rods appeared to possess dual, concentration-dependent metabolic pathways for glucose. Glucose incorporation by starved cells into macromolecular pools had lower Km values (10 to 203 times lower) than the values found for exponentially growing and nonviable rods. Coccoid cells demonstrated a slightly increased resistance to mild heat stress compared with log phase cells but were equally susceptible to ultrasonic vibration and ultraviolet irradiation. The data obtained indicated that unbalanced cellular divisions of multinucleate cells at low temperature and starvation result in coccoid cells. The coccoid cells are probably the survival forms in nature when low temperatures and nutrient deprivation exist.

scholarly journals Effect of growth conditions on β-glucosidase production by local isolate of Aspergillus niger using rice bran substrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Sugiwati ◽  
Muhammad Hanafi ◽  
Hanifah Lioe ◽  
Maggy Suhartono
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Local Isolate ◽  
Substrate Ratio

Abstract. Sugiwati S, Hanafi M, Lioe HN, Suhartono MT. 2020.  Effect of growth conditions on β-glucosidase production by local isolate of Aspergillus niger using rice bran substrate. Biodiversitas 21: 4058-4066. β-Glucosidase is the family of glycosyl hydrolase that have potential role in various food industry, such as in tea, wine and vanilla industries to increase the aroma and production of isoflavone aglycons in soybean flour. The present work produced β-glucosidase from local isolate of Aspergillus niger InaCC F57 under solid-state fermentation (SSF) using rice bran substrate. Fermentation process was made in various conditions with respect to carbon source as substrate, initial pH of fermentation medium, incubation time, water to substrate ratio, fermentation temperature, and addition of Mandels mineral salts solution. The results showed that activity of β-glucosidase was best at, i.e., 2.45 U/mL, with the use of rice bran as substrate. Furthermore, optimum condition for the highest production of β-glucosidase occurred at pH 2.0, incubation time of 5 days, water to substrate ratio of 1.5: 1, and incubation temperature of 32°C. Additionally, in optimum fermentation conditions, production of β-glucosidase could be enhanced up to 26.22% with the presence of Mandels mineral salts solution as compared to the control.

scholarly journals Physiological Conditions Conducive to High Cyanophycin Content in Biomass of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Strain ADP1

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 858-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Elbahloul ◽  
Martin Krehenbrink ◽  
Rudolf Reichelt ◽  
Alexander Steinbüchel
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Average Molecular Mass ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Medium Components

ABSTRACT The effects of the inorganic medium components, the initial pH, the incubation temperature, the oxygen supply, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and chloramphenicol on the synthesis of cyanophycin (CGP) by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain ADP1 were studied in a mineral salts medium containing sodium glutamate and ammonium sulfate as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Variation of all these factors resulted in maximum CGP contents of only about 3.5% (wt/wt) of the cell dry matter (CDM), and phosphate depletion triggered CGP accumulation most substantially. However, addition of arginine to the medium as the sole carbon source for growth promoted CGP accumulation most strikingly. This effect was systematically studied, and an optimized phosphate-limited medium containing 75 mM arginine and 10 mM ammonium sulfate yielded a CGP content of 41.4% (wt/wt) of the CDM at 30°C. The CGP content of the cells was further increased to 46.0% (wt/wt) of the CDM by adding 2.5 μg of chloramphenicol per ml of medium in the accumulation phase. These contents are by far the highest CGP contents of bacterial cells ever reported. CGP was easily isolated from the cells by using an acid extraction method, and this CGP contained about equimolar amounts of aspartic acid and arginine and no detectable lysine; the molecular masses ranged from 21 to 29 kDa, and the average molecular mass was about 25 kDa. Transmission electron micrographs of thin sections of cells revealed large CGP granules that frequently had an irregular shape with protuberances at the surface and often severely deformed the cells. A cphI::ΩKm mutant of strain ADP1 with a disrupted putative cyanophycinase gene accumulated significantly less CGP than the wild type accumulated, although the cells expressed cyanophycin synthetase at about the same high level. It is possible that the intact CphI protein is involved in the release of CGP primer molecules from initially synthesized CGP. The resulting lower concentration of primer molecules could explain the observed low rate of accumulation at similar specific activities.

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE SHIFTS ON THE INTRACELLULAR LEVEL OF NUCLEOSIDE TRIPHOSPHATES IN TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto H. Scherbaum ◽  
Shao-Chia Chou ◽  
Krikor H. Seraydarian ◽  
John E. Byfield
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
Cyclic Changes

Mass cultures of Tetrahytnena pyriformis GL were subjected to seven cyclic changes in incubation temperature to induce synchronized division. Cultures were sampled before, during, and after exposure to the treatment. Acid extracts were assayed for their nucleoside triphosphate and protein content. It was found that the NTP/protein ratios decreased as a result of each heat shock (34 °C) by an average of 22%, while each subsequent period at optimum incubation temperature (29 °C) resulted in an average increase in the NTP/protein ratio of 36% above the initial value. During the final recovery period of 80 minutes between the last heat shock and the first synchronized division, a significant increase in the NTP/protein ratio was observed.The results are discussed in connection with the problem of the energy requirements for cell division.

scholarly journals Produksi β-Glukosidase Aspergillus niger BIO 2173 dengan Fermentasi Padat Menggunakan Substrat Dedak

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Sri Sugiwati ◽  
Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono ◽  
Muhammad Hanafi ◽  
Hanifah Nuryani Lioe
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Fermentation Substrate

Production of β-Glucosidase Aspergillus niger BIO 2173 on Solid State Fermentation Using Rice Bran as SubstrateAbstractβ-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) is a part of the cellulase enzyme complex which acts synergistically with exoglucanase and endoglucanase to hydrolyze cellulose into glucose. The purpose of this study was to obtain the maximum fermentation conditions for production of b-glucosidase Aspergillus niger BIO 2173 with solid state fermentation using rice bran as fermentation substrate. The factors that affect the production of b-glucosidase which consist of initial pH of the fermentation medium, incubation period, ratio of water content to fermentation substrate, incubation temperature and addition of the Mandel’s mineral salts solution were examined in the study. The results showed that maximum fermentation conditions for β-glucosidase production were at initial of fermentation pH of 2,0, incubation period of 7 days, ratio of water content to substrate of 1:1, and incubation temperature of 32oC. Addition of Mandel’s mineral salts solution to the fermentation substrate at maximum fermentation conditions increased the activity and specific activity of β-glucosidase crude extract up to 5,24 ± 0,57 U/mL and 2,46 ± 0,04 U/mg, respectively.Abstrakβ-Glukosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) merupakan bagian dari enzim multi kompleks selulase, yang bekerja secara sinergis dengan eksoglukanase dan endoglukanase menghidrolisis selulosa menjadi glukosa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan kondisi fermentasi maksimum untuk produksi β-glukosidaseAspergillus niger BIO 2173 dengan fermentasi media padat menggunakan substrat dedak. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi b-glukosidase, yaitu pH awal medium fermentasi, waktu inkubasi, perbandingan kandungan air terhadap substrat medium fermentasi, suhu inkubasi dan penambahan larutan garam mineral Mandels. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi fermentasi maksimum untuk produksi b-glukosidase adalah pada pH awal medium fermentasi 2,0; waktu inkubasi 7 hari, perbandingan kandungan air terhadap substrat medium fermentasi 1:1, dan suhu inkubasi 32oC. Penambahan larutan garam mineral Mandels ke dalam substrat fermentasi pada kondisi fermentasi maksimum menyebabkan peningkatan aktivitas dan aktivitas spesifk ekstrak kasar b-glukosidase masing-masing sebesar 5,24 ± 0,57 U/mL dan 2,46 ± 0,04 U/mg protein. Kata kunci: β-glukosidase, Aspergillus niger, dedak padi, fermentasi padat, ekstrak kasar

scholarly journals The Growth-Promoting Effect of Indole-3-Acetic Acid on the Common Cultivated Mushroom, Psalliota Hortensis (Cooke) Lange Forma Albida Lange

1953 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
IM Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom ◽  
The Common ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Liquid Basal Medium

A strain of the white-capped form of the common cultivated mushroom, Psalliota hortensis (Cook;e,} Lange forma albida Lange, appeared unable to grow appreciably on a liquid basal medium which contained glucose, asparagine, and mineral salts. Addition of thiamin and biotin increased the growth a little . .A number of other vitamins were without effect. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in concentrations of from 5 to 100 mg/l markedly increased growth, particularly in the presence of thiamin and biotin, but only when the inoculum was floating on the surface of the culture medium. If the inoculum was submerged, addition of IAA had very little effect. The growth of both floating and submerged

scholarly journals Grain quality of spring barley depending on the fertilization of plants with mineral nitrogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
I. Y. Rassadyna ◽  
◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
I.S. Sadovsky ◽  
S.O. Vlasenko
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Root Feeding

The influence of root feeding on the quality indicators of spring barley grain on podzolized chernozem of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine has been investigated. It has been established that the use of root feeding of spring barley plants with mineral nitrogen simultaneously with an increase in grain yield also contributes to an increase in the quality of feed. At the same time, the crude protein and the amount of sugars increase, and the amount of fiber in the grain decreases. The amount of crude protein in spring barley grain on average for 2018–2020 varied depending on the dose of nitrogen when carrying out root fertilization with nitrogen. In the control without fertilizers, it was 12.9 %, when root feeding of plants with nitrogen at a dose of 20 kg/ha – 13.2 %; 30 kg/ha – 14.5 %; 60 kg/ha – 15.8 %; 90 kg/ha – 15.9 %. At the same time, it is observed that the crude protein in barley grain increases with an increase in the nitrogen dose to 60 kg/ha, and a further increase in the nitrogen dose is not accompanied by an increase in crude protein in barley grain. Simultaneously with an increase in the content of crude protein in the grain of barley, the percentage of fiber in the grain decreases during the root feeding of plants with mineral nitrogen. The percentage of mineral salts in barley grain during root feeding with nitrogen remained at the control level. The amount of sugars increases when using root feeding of spring barley plants with mineral nitrogen. If in the control the sum of sugars was at the level of 5.20 % for the air dry matter of barley grain, then in the variants of root feeding with nitrogen it reached the level of 5.31 ... 5.56 percent. Consequently, an increase in the level of crude protein in barley grain during root feeding with nitrogen was not accompanied by a deterioration in the sugar-protein ratio in feed. This is very important for increasing livestock productivity. The studied method of root feeding of barley plants with mineral nitrogen promoted an increase in protein in barley grain. On the control, 358.9 kg of protein was obtained from 1 hectare of spring barley crops, 533.2 kg of protein per 1 hectare was collected on the root application with nitrogen 60 kg/ha, and 568.5 kg of protein was collected on the version of root feeding with nitrogen 90 kg/ha. per hectare.

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