Alteration in glyceollin synthesis and antigenic patterns after chemical induction of resistance in soybean to Macrophomina phaseolina

Sodium azide was found to be most effective of the six metabolic inhibitors tested in reducing charcoal rot disease of soybean (cv. Soymax) caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. Glyceollin production also increased significantly after induction of resistance by sodium azide treatment. Cross-reactive antigens were detected in purified preparations from mycelia of M. phaseolina with antisera of soybean roots by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic tests. An antigenic dispartity was noticed in the susceptible cultivar (cv. Soymax) after chemical induction of resistance. The changes in antigenic pattern and their involvement in induced resistance of soybean to M. phaseolina are discussed.

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Induced resistance and control of charcoal rot in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) by Pseudomonas fluorescens

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b01-054 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 79 (7) ◽

pp. 787-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alok K Srivastava ◽

Tanuja Singh ◽

T K Jana ◽

Dilip K Arora

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Induced Resistance ◽

Time Course ◽

Induced Systemic Resistance ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Systemic Resistance ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Chemical Inducers ◽

Rot Disease

Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate 4-92 induced systemic resistance against charcoal rot disease in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich. Time-course accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins (chitinases and glucanases) in chickpea plants inoculated with P. fluorescens was significantly (P = 0.05) higher than in control plants. The level of chitinases and glucanases increased by 6.6- to 7-fold up to 4 days postinoculation; thereafter, little decrease in the activity of PR proteins was observed. Root-colonizing populations of P. fluorescens were at a maximum 2 days after transplantation at different inoculum concentrations, and decreased over time. Inoculation of root tips of chickpea by P. fluorescens, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, and o-acetylsalicylic acid induced systemic resistance against charcoal rot. Disease was 33 to 55.5% higher in control plants than in plants inoculated with chemical inducers or P. fluorescens. Single treatment of plants with P. fluorescens increased disease resistance by 33%, whereas combined application of P. fluorescens with either of the chemical inducers was most effective in inducing the resistance by 2- to 2.25-fold. The time-course study shows that an interval of at least 2 days was required between induction treatment and challenge inoculation. Biocontrol efficacy of P. fluorescens against charcoal rot disease in chickpea was demonstrated under greenhouse conditions.Key words: biological control, induced resistance, Macrophomina phaseolina, Pseudomonas fluorescens.

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Toxin Production in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Plants with Charcoal Rot Disease and by Macrophomina phaseolina, the Fungus that Causes the Disease

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins11110645 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 645 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hamed K. Abbas ◽

Nacer Bellaloui ◽

Cesare Accinelli ◽

James R. Smith ◽

W. Thomas Shier

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Leaf Disc ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Wide Range ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Rot Disease

Charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, results in major economic losses in soybean production in southern USA. M. phaseolina has been proposed to use the toxin (-)-botryodiplodin in its root infection mechanism to create a necrotic zone in root tissue through which fungal hyphae can readily enter the plant. The majority (51.4%) of M. phaseolina isolates from plants with charcoal rot disease produced a wide range of (-)-botryodiplodin concentrations in a culture medium (0.14–6.11 µg/mL), 37.8% produced traces below the limit of quantification (0.01 µg/mL), and 10.8% produced no detectable (-)-botryodiplodin. Some culture media with traces or no (-)-botryodiplodin were nevertheless strongly phytotoxic in soybean leaf disc cultures, consistent with the production of another unidentified toxin(s). Widely ranging (-)-botryodiplodin levels (traces to 3.14 µg/g) were also observed in the roots, but not in the aerial parts, of soybean plants naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. This is the first report of (-)-botryodiplodin in plant tissues naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. No phaseolinone was detected in M. phaseolina culture media or naturally infected soybean tissues. These results are consistent with (-)-botryodiplodin playing a role in the pathology of some, but not all, M. phaseolina isolates from soybeans with charcoal rot disease in southern USA.

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Root Absorption and Translocation of Picloram by Oats and Soybeans

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500051158 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 727-731 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A. R. Isensee ◽

G. E. Jones ◽

B. C. Turner

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Plant Species ◽

Sodium Azide ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Sodium Arsenite ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Metabolic Inhibitors ◽

Root Absorption ◽

Soybean Roots ◽

Initial Uptake

The effects of time, concentration, pH, temperature, and metabolic inhibitors on 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) uptake from nutrient solution by oats (Avena sativaL. ‘Markton’) and soybeans (Glycine maxL. ‘Lee’) were studied. Oats and soybeans had similar absorption patterns of rapid initial uptake. However, total accumulation patterns markedly differed in that accumulation was concentration-dependent for oats but not for soybeans. Initial uptake by oats and soybean roots increased as solution concentration increased. Picloram was redistributed in oats and soybeans and some egress from roots to solution occurred. Picloram uptake by both plant species was markedly diminished with an increase in pH from 3.5 to 4.5, but pH had little effect from 4.5 to 9.5. Less picloram was taken up by oats and soybean roots from solution maintained at 4 C than at 26 C. Translocation to tops followed a similar trend. Increasing concentrations of three metabolic inhibitors, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), sodium azide, and sodium arsenite, reduced root uptake of picloram in both species. All inhibitors (except DNP for oats) at 10−6to 10−5molar concentrations stimulated translocation of picloram to oats and soybean tops while higher concentrations depressed translocation.

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Assessing the suitability of morphological and phenotypical traits to screen sesame accessions for resistance to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot diseases

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/10/2008-pps ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 45 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 49-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. El-Bramawy M A E-H ◽

E.-S. El-Hendawy S ◽

I. Shaban W

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Seed Color ◽

Seed Colour ◽

Branch Number ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Days To Maturity ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Infection Percentage

Since sesame accessions differ significantly in many morphological and phenotypical traits, some of these traits could be suitable for direct selection for resistance to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot diseases. Forty-eight sesame accessions that originated from different countries were screened for their reaction to infection by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami (FOS) and Macrophomina phaseolina (MPH), the Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot pathogens, respectively, in 2005 and 2006. The level of infection and seed yield were measured. Number of branches and days to maturity as morphological traits and seed color as phenotypical trait, which represent some of the diversity among the accessions, were tested for possible correlation with infection percentage. We found that 57, 67 and 67% in 2005, and 77, 77 and 62% in 2006 of the accessions resistant to FOS, and 68, 77 and 64% in 2005, and 80, 76 and 60% in 2006 of the accessions resistant to MPH had a medium branch number, medium maturity and creamy seed colour. According to the analysis of regression, branch number and seed colour were significantly correlated with infection percentages by FOS and/or MPH. Therefore, these traits may be used for direct selection of sesame accessions that are resistant to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot disease. However, no significant correlations were found between days to maturity and infection percentage by both fungi. Linear regression between infection percentage and three groups of branch number and seed colour indicated that the accessions with medium branch number and creamy or white seed colour were the only covariate which significantly correlated with the infection percentage by FOS and/or MPH.

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Resistance in soybean varieties against charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina

Plant Disease Research ◽

10.5958/2249-8788.2019.00021.0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 124

Author(s):

Pawan K. Amrate ◽

M. K. Shrivastava ◽

M. S. Bhale

Keyword(s):

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Rot Disease

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Inoculation of Euphorbia lathyris with cotton strings infested with Macrophomina phaseolina, causal agent of charcoal rot disease

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b91-091 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 682-685

Author(s):

Phyllis T. Himmel

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Silica Sand ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Lesion Development ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Euphorbia Lathyris

Root infections caused by Macrophomina phaseolina were initiated under optimal conditions for the host, Euphorbia lathyris. Two-week-old Euphorbia lathyris seedlings were inoculated by tying roots with cotton strings infested with Macrophomina phaseolina. Ninety-three per cent of the inoculated roots developed infections after 2 weeks incubation in silica sand at 25 °C. By using infested strings, differences in the incidence of lesion development were detected when infected roots were subjected to differing temperature regimes. After approximately 6 weeks, there was a significantly [Formula: see text] greater incidence of lesion development at 34 °C than at 25 °C, whereas there was no difference in the incidence of infection. Aerial symptoms indicative of charcoal rot were not observed during the course of these studies. Key words: infested strings, charcoal rot.

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The necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina induces oxidative stress-associated genes and related biochemical responses in charcoal rot susceptible sorghum genotypes

10.1101/853846 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ananda Y. Bandara ◽

Dilooshi K. Weerasooriya ◽

Sanzhen Liu ◽

Christopher R. Little

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Disease Susceptibility ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Malondialdehyde Content ◽

Sorghum Genotypes ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Resistant Genotypes

ABSTRACTMacrophomina phaseolina (MP) is a necrotrophic fungus that causes charcoal rot disease in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. The host resistance and susceptibility mechanisms for this disease are poorly understood. Here, the transcriptional and biochemical aspects of the oxidative stress and antioxidant system of charcoal rot resistant and susceptible sorghum genotypes in response to MP inoculation were investigated. RNA sequencing revealed 96 differentially expressed genes between resistant (SC599) and susceptible (Tx7000) genotypes that are related to the host oxidative stress and antioxidant system. Follow-up functional experiments demonstrated MP’s ability to significantly increase reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) content in the susceptible genotypes. This was confirmed by increased malondialdehyde content, an indicator of ROS/RNS-mediated lipid peroxidation. The presence of nitric oxide (NO) in stalk tissues of susceptible genotypes was confirmed using a NO-specific fluorescent probe (DAF-FM DA) and visualized by confocal microscopy. Inoculation significantly increased peroxidase activity in susceptible genotypes while catalase activity was significantly higher in MP-inoculated resistant genotypes. MP inoculation significantly reduced superoxide dismutase activity in all genotypes. These findings suggested MP’s ability to promote a host-derived oxidative stress response in susceptible sorghum genotypes, which contributes to induced cell death-associated disease susceptibility to this necrotrophic phytopathogen.

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