Induced resistance and control of charcoal rot in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) by Pseudomonas fluorescens

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok K Srivastava ◽  
Tanuja Singh ◽  
T K Jana ◽  
Dilip K Arora
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Chemical Inducers ◽  
Rot Disease

Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate 4-92 induced systemic resistance against charcoal rot disease in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich. Time-course accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins (chitinases and glucanases) in chickpea plants inoculated with P. fluorescens was significantly (P = 0.05) higher than in control plants. The level of chitinases and glucanases increased by 6.6- to 7-fold up to 4 days postinoculation; thereafter, little decrease in the activity of PR proteins was observed. Root-colonizing populations of P. fluorescens were at a maximum 2 days after transplantation at different inoculum concentrations, and decreased over time. Inoculation of root tips of chickpea by P. fluorescens, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, and o-acetylsalicylic acid induced systemic resistance against charcoal rot. Disease was 33 to 55.5% higher in control plants than in plants inoculated with chemical inducers or P. fluorescens. Single treatment of plants with P. fluorescens increased disease resistance by 33%, whereas combined application of P. fluorescens with either of the chemical inducers was most effective in inducing the resistance by 2- to 2.25-fold. The time-course study shows that an interval of at least 2 days was required between induction treatment and challenge inoculation. Biocontrol efficacy of P. fluorescens against charcoal rot disease in chickpea was demonstrated under greenhouse conditions.Key words: biological control, induced resistance, Macrophomina phaseolina, Pseudomonas fluorescens.

scholarly journals Induced Systemic Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana Against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato by 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing Pseudomonas fluorescens

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Weller ◽  
Dmitri V. Mavrodi ◽  
Johan A. van Pelt ◽  
Corné M. J. Pieterse ◽  
Leendert C. van Loon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Challenge Inoculation ◽  
Dependent Signal

Pseudomonas fluorescens strains that produce the polyketide antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) are among the most effective rhizobacteria that suppress root and crown rots, wilts, and damping-off diseases of a variety of crops, and they play a key role in the natural suppressiveness of some soils to certain soilborne pathogens. Root colonization by 2,4-DAPG-producing P. fluorescens strains Pf-5 (genotype A), Q2-87 (genotype B), Q8r1-96 (genotype D), and HT5-1 (genotype N) produced induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Arabidopsis thaliana accession Col-0 against bacterial speck caused by P. syringae pv. tomato. The ISR-eliciting activity of the four bacterial genotypes was similar, and all genotypes were equivalent in activity to the well-characterized strain P. fluorescens WCS417r. The 2,4-DAPG biosynthetic locus consists of the genes phlHGF and phlACBDE. phlD or phlBC mutants of Q2-87 (2,4-DAPG minus) were significantly reduced in ISR activity, and genetic complementation of the mutants restored ISR activity back to wild-type levels. A phlF regulatory mutant (overproducer of 2,4-DAPG) had ISR activity equivalent to the wild-type Q2-87. Introduction of DAPG into soil at concentrations of 10 to 250 μM 4 days before challenge inoculation induced resistance equivalent to or better than the bacteria. Strain Q2-87 induced resistance on transgenic NahG plants but not on npr1-1, jar1, and etr1 Arabidopsis mutants. These results indicate that the antibiotic 2,4-DAPG is a major determinant of ISR in 2,4-DAPG-producing P. fluorescens, that the genotype of the strain does not affect its ISR activity, and that the activity induced by these bacteria operates through the ethylene- and jasmonic acid-dependent signal transduction pathway.

Induced resistance and control of charcoal rot in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) by Pseudomonas fluorescens

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok K. Srivastava ◽  
Tanuja Singh ◽  
T.K. Jana ◽  
Dilip K. Arora
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
And Control

Alteration in glyceollin synthesis and antigenic patterns after chemical induction of resistance in soybean to Macrophomina phaseolina

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 835-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Chakraborty ◽  
R. P. Purkayastha
Keyword(s):  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Chemical Induction ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Induction Of Resistance ◽  
Rot Disease

Sodium azide was found to be most effective of the six metabolic inhibitors tested in reducing charcoal rot disease of soybean (cv. Soymax) caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. Glyceollin production also increased significantly after induction of resistance by sodium azide treatment. Cross-reactive antigens were detected in purified preparations from mycelia of M. phaseolina with antisera of soybean roots by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic tests. An antigenic dispartity was noticed in the susceptible cultivar (cv. Soymax) after chemical induction of resistance. The changes in antigenic pattern and their involvement in induced resistance of soybean to M. phaseolina are discussed.

scholarly journals Toxin Production in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Plants with Charcoal Rot Disease and by Macrophomina phaseolina, the Fungus that Causes the Disease

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed K. Abbas ◽  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Cesare Accinelli ◽  
James R. Smith ◽  
W. Thomas Shier
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Rot Disease

Charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, results in major economic losses in soybean production in southern USA. M. phaseolina has been proposed to use the toxin (-)-botryodiplodin in its root infection mechanism to create a necrotic zone in root tissue through which fungal hyphae can readily enter the plant. The majority (51.4%) of M. phaseolina isolates from plants with charcoal rot disease produced a wide range of (-)-botryodiplodin concentrations in a culture medium (0.14–6.11 µg/mL), 37.8% produced traces below the limit of quantification (0.01 µg/mL), and 10.8% produced no detectable (-)-botryodiplodin. Some culture media with traces or no (-)-botryodiplodin were nevertheless strongly phytotoxic in soybean leaf disc cultures, consistent with the production of another unidentified toxin(s). Widely ranging (-)-botryodiplodin levels (traces to 3.14 µg/g) were also observed in the roots, but not in the aerial parts, of soybean plants naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. This is the first report of (-)-botryodiplodin in plant tissues naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. No phaseolinone was detected in M. phaseolina culture media or naturally infected soybean tissues. These results are consistent with (-)-botryodiplodin playing a role in the pathology of some, but not all, M. phaseolina isolates from soybeans with charcoal rot disease in southern USA.

scholarly journals Assessing the suitability of morphological and phenotypical traits to screen sesame accessions for resistance to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. El-Bramawy M A E-H ◽  
E.-S. El-Hendawy S ◽  
I. Shaban W
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Colour ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Infection Percentage

Since sesame accessions differ significantly in many morphological and phenotypical traits, some of these traits could be suitable for direct selection for resistance to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot diseases. Forty-eight sesame accessions that originated from different countries were screened for their reaction to infection by <I>Fusarium oxysporum</I > f.sp. <I>sesami</I> (FOS) and <I>Macrophomina phaseolina</I> (MPH), the Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot pathogens, respectively, in 2005 and 2006. The level of infection and seed yield were measured. Number of branches and days to maturity as morphological traits and seed color as phenotypical trait, which represent some of the diversity among the accessions, were tested for possible correlation with infection percentage. We found that 57, 67 and 67% in 2005, and 77, 77 and 62% in 2006 of the accessions resistant to FOS, and 68, 77 and 64% in 2005, and 80, 76 and 60% in 2006 of the accessions resistant to MPH had a medium branch number, medium maturity and creamy seed colour. According to the analysis of regression, branch number and seed colour were significantly correlated with infection percentages by FOS and/or MPH. Therefore, these traits may be used for direct selection of sesame accessions that are resistant to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot disease. However, no significant correlations were found between days to maturity and infection percentage by both fungi. Linear regression between infection percentage and three groups of branch number and seed colour indicated that the accessions with medium branch number and creamy or white seed colour were the only covariate which significantly correlated with the infection percentage by FOS and/or MPH.

scholarly journals Local Responses and Systemic Induced Resistance Mediated by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Dreischhoff ◽  
Ishani S. Das ◽  
Mareike Jakobi ◽  
Karl Kasper ◽  
Andrea Polle
Keyword(s):  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Extramatrical Mycelium

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) grow as saprotrophs in soil and interact with plants, forming mutualistic associations with roots of many economically and ecologically important forest tree genera. EMF ensheath the root tips and produce an extensive extramatrical mycelium for nutrient uptake from the soil. In contrast to other mycorrhizal fungal symbioses, EMF do not invade plant cells but form an interface for nutrient exchange adjacent to the cortex cells. The interaction of roots and EMF affects host stress resistance but uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms is an emerging topic. Here, we focused on local and systemic effects of EMF modulating defenses against insects or pathogens in aboveground tissues in comparison with arbuscular mycorrhizal induced systemic resistance. Molecular studies indicate a role of chitin in defense activation by EMF in local tissues and an immune response that is induced by yet unknown signals in aboveground tissues. Volatile organic compounds may be involved in long-distance communication between below- and aboveground tissues, in addition to metabolite signals in the xylem or phloem. In leaves of EMF-colonized plants, jasmonate signaling is involved in transcriptional re-wiring, leading to metabolic shifts in the secondary and nitrogen-based defense metabolism but cross talk with salicylate-related signaling is likely. Ectomycorrhizal-induced plant immunity shares commonalities with systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance. We highlight novel developments and provide a guide to future research directions in EMF-induced resistance.

Resistance in soybean varieties against charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Pawan K. Amrate ◽  
M. K. Shrivastava ◽  
M. S. Bhale
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals Induced Systemic Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana in Response to Root Inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Iavicoli ◽  
Emmanuel Boutet ◽  
Antony Buchala ◽  
Jean-Pierre Métraux
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Transgenic Line ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Peronospora Parasitica ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Molecular Determinants

Root inoculation of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia with Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0r partially protected leaves from the oomycete Peronospora parasitica. The molecular determinants of Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0r for this induced systemic resistance (ISR) were investigated, using mutants derived from strain CHA0: CHA400 (pyoverdine deficient), CHA805 (exoprotease deficient), CHA77 (HCN deficient), CHA660 (pyoluteorin deficient), CHA631 (2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol [DAPG] deficient), and CHA89 (HCN, DAPG- and pyoluteorin deficient). Only mutations interfering with DAPG production led to a significant decrease in ISR to Peronospora parasitica. Thus, DAPG production in Pseudomonas fluorescens is required for the induction of ISR to Peronospora parasitica. DAPG is known for its antibiotic activity; however, our data indicate that one action of DAPG could be due to an effect on the physiology of the plant. DAPG at 10 to 100 μM applied to roots of Arabidopsis mimicked the ISR effect. CHA0r-mediated ISR was also tested in various Arabidopsis mutants and transgenic plants: NahG (transgenic line degrading salicylic acid [SA]), sid2-1 (nonproducing SA), npr1-1 (non-expressing NPR1 protein), jar1-1 (insensitive to jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonic acid), ein2-1 (insensitive to ethylene), etr1-1 (insensitive to ethylene), eir1-1 (insensitive to ethylene in roots), and pad2-1 (phytoalexin deficient). Only jar1-1, eir1-1, and npr1-1 mutants were unable to undergo ISR. Sensitivity to jasmonic acid and functional NPR1 and EIR1 proteins were required for full expression of CHA0r-mediated ISR. The requirements for ISR observed in this study in Peronospora parasitica induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0r only partially overlap with those published so far for Peronospora parasitica, indicating a great degree of flexibility in the molecular processes leading to ISR.

Inoculation of Euphorbia lathyris with cotton strings infested with Macrophomina phaseolina, causal agent of charcoal rot disease

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-685
Author(s):  
Phyllis T. Himmel
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Euphorbia Lathyris

Root infections caused by Macrophomina phaseolina were initiated under optimal conditions for the host, Euphorbia lathyris. Two-week-old Euphorbia lathyris seedlings were inoculated by tying roots with cotton strings infested with Macrophomina phaseolina. Ninety-three per cent of the inoculated roots developed infections after 2 weeks incubation in silica sand at 25 °C. By using infested strings, differences in the incidence of lesion development were detected when infected roots were subjected to differing temperature regimes. After approximately 6 weeks, there was a significantly [Formula: see text] greater incidence of lesion development at 34 °C than at 25 °C, whereas there was no difference in the incidence of infection. Aerial symptoms indicative of charcoal rot were not observed during the course of these studies. Key words: infested strings, charcoal rot.

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