The fluctuations of Cerenkov radiation flashes caused by extensive air showers

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S92-S94 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Nesterova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cerenkov Radiation ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Primary Particles

The experimental data concerning the fluctuations of Cerenkov flashes in the atmosphere are analyzed to investigate the composition of primary particles for the energy range 1014–1016 eV.

Unusual and multicore extensive air showers

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1950145
Author(s):  
Saeed Doostmohammadi ◽  
Seyed Jaliledin Fatemi ◽  
Maryam Nikpour
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Shower Size

Unusual and multicore extensive air showers are detected in some experiments. Study of these kinds of showers is an important issue in nuclear collisions at high energies and need to be interpreted by hadronic interaction models. In the work, taking into account results Sleptsova et al. of which emphasized shower size variations at energies above [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV, and also by using of the auger experimental data, some characteristics of multicore events are investigated. Intense nuclear variations are seen in energy range of [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV, and nuclear distinctive properties of multicore showers relative to normal showers are shown.

scholarly journals Hadronic interaction studied by TA

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Takashi Sako
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Hybrid Data

Two studies by the Telescope Array group related to the hadronic interaction observed with Extensive Air Showers are reviewed. (1) Inelastic p-air cross section $ \sigma _{p - air}^{inel} = 567.0 \pm 70.5\,[{\rm{stat]}}_{ - 25}^{ + 29} [{\rm{sys}}]\,{\rm{mb}} $ and total p-p cross section $ \sigma _{p - p}^{tot} = 170_{ - 44}^{ + 48} [{\rm{stat}}]_{ - 17}^{ + 19} [{\rm{sys}}]\,{\rm{mb}} $ were determined using the 5 years of TA hybrid data with one of the 3 FD stations. These results at the highest energy $ \sqrt {S_{NN} } = 95\,{\rm{TeV}} $ showed good agreements with the extrapolation from the previous measurements and model predictions. (2) The signal sizes of SD were compared between data and MC using 7 years of TA SD data in the energy range from 1018.8 eV to 1019.2 eV. It was found that the data/MC ratios exceed unity and the deviation becomes larger when the expected fraction of muon signal, defined as muon purity P, is higher. The results support the muon excess (with respect to MC) problem reported by the previous observations.

scholarly journals On the Detection of Heavy Primaries above 1014 EV

1981 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
T. K. Gaisser ◽  
Todor Stanev ◽  
Phyllis Freier ◽  
C. Jake Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Primary Cosmic Rays

Knowledge of the chemical composition is fundamental to understanding the origin, acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays. At energies much above 1014 eV, however, the detection of single primary cosmic rays is at present impossible because of their low flux, and the only source of information is from the cascades initiated by energetic primary particles in the atmosphere–the extensive air showers (EAS). A similar situation exists for the study of hadronic interactions above 1015 eV. A recent EAS experiment (Goodman et al., 1979) suggests the possibility that the spectrum becomes increasingly rich in heavy nuclei as the total energy per nucleus approaches 1015 eV. Above that energy the overall spectrum steepens and the question of composition is almost completely open.

Investigating the Characteristics of Longitudinal Profile of Primary Particles in Extensive Air Showers

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 859-864
Author(s):  
A.A. Al-Rubaiee ◽  
Uda Hashim ◽  
Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad ◽  
A. Rahim Ruslinda ◽  
R.M. Ayub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particles ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Longitudinal Development ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Shower Maximum ◽  
Hadronic Model

One of the characteristics of longitudinal development of extensive air showers is the number of charged particles and depth of shower maximum in extensive air showers as a function of primary energy, which is often used to reconstruct the elemental composition of primary cosmic rays. Studying of extensive air shower characteristics was performed by investigating the longitudinal development parameters depending on Heitler model for different primary particles. The simulation of the number of charged particles and depth of shower maximum (NandXmax) in extensive air showers of particle cascades was performed using AIRES code for SIBYLL hadronic model for different primary particles like electron, positron, gamma quanta and iron nuclei at the energy range 1014-1019eV. The comparison between the simulated longitudinal development ofNandXmaxusing SIBYLL hadronic model with two hadronic models (QGSJET99 ans SIBYLL16) has shown an opportunity for determination of cosmic ray cascade interactions in extensive air showers.

GAMMA RAYS STUDIES BASED ON ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV TECHNIQUE AT HIGH MOUNTAIN ALTITUDE

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 7016-7019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MISHEV ◽  
S. MAVRODIEV ◽  
J. STAMENOV
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Light Flux ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Cherenkov Light ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Flux Analysis ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Gamma Ray Astronomy

We present a new method for ground based gamma ray astronomy based only on atmospheric Cherenkov light flux analysis. The Cherenkov light flux densities in extensive air showers initiated by different primaries are simulated in the energy range 100 GeV – 100 PeV for different primaries using the CORSIKA 6.003 code at (536 g/cm2). An approximation of lateral distribution of Cherenkov light flux densities in EAS is obtained using a nonlinear fit such as Breit-Wigner. The simulated and reconstructed events are compared and the accuracy in energy and primary mass reconstruction are obtained.

Estimating of Cherenkov Radiation in Extensive Air Showers Using CORSIKA Code for Tunka133 EAS Cherenkov Array

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 807-811
Author(s):  
A.A. Al-Rubaiee ◽  
Uda Hashim ◽  
Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad ◽  
A. Rahim Ruslinda ◽  
R.M. Ayub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Cherenkov Light ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
The Given

The simulation of Cherenkov light Lateral distribution function (LDF) in Extensive Air Showers (EAS) initiated primary particles such as primary calcium, argon, proton iron nuclei, neutron and nitrogen have been performed using CORSIKA program for conditions and configurations of Tunka133 EAS Cherenkov array. The simulation was fulfilled at the high energy range 1014-1016eV for four different zenith angles 0o, 10o, 15oand 30o. The results of the simulated Cherenkov light LDF are compared with the measurements of Tunka133 EAS array for the same particles and energy range mentioned above. This comparison may give the good ability to reconstruct the energy spectrum and mass composition of the primary cosmic ray particles in EAS. The main feature of the given approach consists of the possibility to make a library of Cherenkov light LDF samples which could be utilized for analysis of real events which can be detected with different EAS arrays and reconstruction of the primary cosmic rays energy spectrum and mass composition of EAS particles.

scholarly journals Underground investigation of extensive air showers spectra at high energy range of cosmic rays and other research in the Pyhäsalmi mine

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
N. Yerezhep ◽  
W.H. Trzaska ◽  
L. Bezrukov ◽  
T. Enqvist ◽  
P. Kuusiniemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers
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