The driven quantum-mechanical two-level system: small fields and long relaxation times

A formal theory of the long-term response of a dissipative two-level quantum-mechanical system to a monochromatic applied electric field is used to describe the fundamental and third-harmonic resonances in the small-field and long relaxation-times regime. Resonance frequencies, including Bloch–Siegert shifts, and resonance amplitudes for the dipole-moment components and the upper level probability function are obtained. A comparison with the rotating-wave approximation is made.

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The quantum-mechanical two-level system with dissipation and feedback: multimode applied electric-field case

Canadian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1139/p87-052 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 417-420

Author(s):

J. Grindlay

Keyword(s):

Dipole Moment ◽

Electric Field ◽

Applied Electric Field ◽

Quantum Mechanical ◽

Third Order ◽

First Order ◽

Common Value ◽

Induced Dipole ◽

Upper Level

A two-level dissipative quantum-mechanical system subjected to a small applied multimode electric field plus a feedback term proportional to the induced dipole moment is discussed. The long-term behaviour of the induced dipole moment and of the upper level occupation probability is represented by a series expansion in terms of the applied electric-field amplitudes. First-order and third-order internal, external, and intrinsic polarizabilites are introduced and calculated for the model. Certain ratios of third-order to first-order polarizabilities are shown to have a common value for the internal, external, and intrinsic cases. Clausius–Mossotti relations for the linear and third-order susceptibilities are derived.

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Long-term response of flexible pipe in sand trench due to consolidation of native clay

SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS ◽

10.1016/j.sandf.2021.05.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. Yimsiri ◽

W. Ratananikom

Keyword(s):

Flexible Pipe ◽

Term Response

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Adaptation of flocculent anammox culture to low temperature by cold shock: long-term response of microbial population

Environmental Technology ◽

10.1080/09593330.2021.1950842 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Vojtech Kouba ◽

Juan Camilo Gerlein ◽

Andrea Benakova ◽

Marco Antonio Lopez Marin ◽

Eva Rysava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Cold Shock ◽

Microbial Population ◽

Term Response

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Unfolding the case of returnees: How the European Union and its member States are addressing the return of foreign fighters and their families

International Review of the Red Cross ◽

10.1017/s1816383121000217 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Carlota Rigotti ◽

Júlia Zomignani Barboza

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Perceived Threat ◽

The European Union ◽

Security Threat ◽

Short Term ◽

Member States ◽

Foreign Fighters ◽

Term Response

Abstract The return of foreign fighters and their families to the European Union has mostly been considered a security threat by member States, which consequently adopt repressive measures aimed at providing an immediate, short-term response to this perceived threat. In addition to this strong-arm approach, reintegration strategies have also been used to prevent returnees from falling back into terrorism and to break down barriers of hostility between citizens in the long term. Amidst these different strategies, this paper seeks to identify which methods are most desirable for handling returnees.

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