MOLTEN SALTS: COMPLEX ION FORMATION IN THE SYSTEM SILVER CHLORIDE – SILVER NITRATE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 864-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hill ◽  
F. E. W. Wetmore
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Complex Cation ◽  
Silver Ion ◽  
Conductivity Data ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Ion Formation ◽  
Complex Ion

Conductivity data have been combined with transport fractions to show that silver chloride in dilute solutions in silver nitrate can be regarded as being almost completely in the form of complex cation. The mobility of the complex ion is shown to be about one-half that of silver ion.

SOLUBILITY AND COMPLEX ION FORMATION OF SILVER CHLORIDE IN MOLTEN NITRATES

1961 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1951-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Osteryoung ◽  
C. Kaplan ◽  
D. L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Ion Formation ◽  
Complex Ion

MOLTEN SALTS ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN THE SYSTEM SILVER CHLORIDE – SILVER NITRATE

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Spooner ◽  
F. E. W. Wetmore
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Simple Equation ◽  
Arrhenius Activation Energy ◽  
Density Data ◽  
Structural Forces

Conductivity and density data have been obtained for the system silver chloride – silver nitrate. The Arrhenius activation energy for electrical migration in molten silver chloride is constant at 1280 cal. mole−1 from 460 to 530 °C.; for silver nitrate there is a variation from 3300 cal. mole−1 at 220 ° to 2700 at 320 °C., which indicates a diminution of structural forces in molten silver nitrate with increase in temperature. The activation energy for binary melts of the two salts at 320 °C. is constant at 2700 cal. mole−1 from 0 to 20 mole % silver chloride; Frenkel's simple equation for the dependence of the activation energy on composition is not supported by this work.

Molten salts freezing point measurements in the AgNO3-AgCl system

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Jacoud ◽  
VC Reinsborough ◽  
FEW Wetmore
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Formation Constant ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Complex Cation

Activities of silver nitrate in the AgNO3-AgCl system were obtained through freezing point depressions. Activity coefficients were calculated assuming the melt consisted of only simple ions which mixed ideally and then assuming the chloride was totally in the form of the complex cation, Ag2Cl+, which also mixed ideally. The second model proved more successful and was extended to include Ag+Cl- entities in the melt. A formation constant of 12�2 was obtained for Ag2Cl+ at 210�.

Gravimetrie Interdiffusion Studies of the NaNO3—AgNO3 and NaNO3-RbNO3 Fused Salt Mixtures

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Andréasson ◽  
Anders Behn ◽  
Carl-Axel Sjöblom
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Interdiffusion Coefficient ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Ion Formation ◽  
Salt Mixtures ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Complex Ion ◽  
Fused Salt

The interdiffusion coefficient has been measured over the whole range of compositions in the NaNO3 -AgNO3 and NaNO3 - RbNO3 molten salt mixtures, using an improved version of the gravimetric interdiffusion technique. At 340 °C the interdiffusion coefficient is about 2.3 × 10-5 cm2 s-1 in mixtures with a high NaNO3 content. It increases slightly with increasing AgNO3 content and decreases with increasing RbNOs content. Good agreement is found with data obtained with other methods. There is evidence that the interdiffusion coefficient is inversely proportional to the cation radii in the melt. Interionic friction coefficients are calculated. Only three ionic species are present in dilute solutions of AgNO3 and RbNO3 in NaNO3 but there is evidence of “complex ion formation” in dilute solutions of NaNO3 in AgNO3 and in RbNO3.

TRANSFERENCE NUMBERS AND CONDUCTANCES IN CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS: SILVER NITRATE AND SILVER PERCHLORATE AT 25.00 °C

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1959-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
K. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Equivalent Conductance ◽  
Ion Formation ◽  
Silver Perchlorate ◽  
Complex Ion

The transference numbers, equivalent conductances, densities, and viscosities of aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and of silver perchlorate have been determined from a concentration of 0.1 M up to 7.6 M, for silver nitrate, and up to 5.6 M for silver perchlorate. In both cases the cation transference number increases considerably with increasing concentration. Certain anomalies in the results for silver perchlorate raise the possibility of complex ion formation here. Similar anomalies appear in the behavior of equivalent conductance with respect to concentration.The results of the conductance measurements have been compared with the values calculated from the equations of Wishaw and Stokes and of Falkenhagen and Leist.

MOLTEN SALTS. ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT IN THE SYSTEM SILVER NITRATE–SODIUM NITRATE

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 779-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Aziz ◽  
F. E. W. Wetmore
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Electrical Transport ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Silver Ion ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Nitrate Ion ◽  
Usual Assumption ◽  
The Individual

Relative transport fractions have been measured in the molten system silver nitrate - sodium nitrate at 330° over the range 5 to 25 mole% silver nitrate. The individual fractions for silver, sodium, and nitrate ion have been assessed within limits. The results indicate that transport by silver ion is greater than that by sodium ion at the same concentration, although the latter has the smaller radius. The usual assumption that the largest ion (nitrate) does not transport charge is within the interpretation of the results.

Don't Use Saline!

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-770
Author(s):  
William D. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Ophthalmia Neonatorum ◽  
Gonococcal Conjunctivitis

The article "Ophthalmia Neonatorum: A Chart Review" by Armstrong et al. (Pediatrics 57:884, June 1976) catches my eye. If one reads the Credé prophylaxis method of instilling silver nitrate into the eyes of newborns, one realizes that should anything be instilled into the eye afterwards to wash out the silver nitrate it should not be saline. The chloride reacts with the silver, forming silver chloride, which is ineffective as an antibacterial. Perhaps this is why they had as many as 43 cases of gonococcal conjunctivitis during their six-year review!

Viscosity, Conductivity and Density of Fused Silver Chloride Doped with MeCln (Me = Li, K, Cs, Ba) in the Mole Fraction Region 0 ≦xdopant ≦0.1

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1151-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio G. W. Greening ◽  
Konrad G. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Coulomb Interaction ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Alkali Halides ◽  
Molar Conductivity ◽  
Electrolytic Conductivity ◽  
Strong Increase

The density, the electrolytic conductivity, and the viscosity of molten silver chloride doped with LiCl, KCl, CsCl, and BaCl2 have been measured in the concentration range 0 ≦x dopant ≦0.1 and temperature range 740 K ≧ Tm ≦900 K. The molar conductivity, Λ, decreases linearly with x dopant , the curve being independent of the charge of the added cation. Only in the case of LiCl is a very small increase of Λ observed. The viscosity of the melt remains virtually unchanged when doped with alkali halides. Addition of BaCl2 leads to a strong increase of the viscosity. The findings show that for these systems no correlation exists between the conductivity and the viscosity. It is further suggested that there is a strong influence of the long range Coulomb interaction on the viscosity of molten salts.

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