The fortuitous direct electrochemical synthesis of some copper(I) complexes

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farouq F. Said ◽  
Dennis G. Tuck
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Halide Complexes

The electrochemical oxidation of copper in the presence of RX (R = CH3, C6H5, C6H5CH2; X = Cl, Br, I, not all combinations) and either 2,2′-bipyridine or (C2H5)4NX gives rise to neutral or anionic copper(I) halide complexes. The current efficiency shows that CuX is produced at the anode; the subsequent solution chemistry influences the complex formation processes.

scholarly journals Wastewater Minimization in Indirect Electrochemical Synthesis of Phenylacetaldehyde

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhirong Sun ◽  
Xiang Hu ◽  
Ding Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Current ◽  
High Current Efficiency

Wastewater minimization in phenylacetaldehyde production by using indirect electrochemical oxidation of phenylethane instead of the seriously polluting traditional chemical process is described in this paper. Results show that high current efficiency of Mn(III) and high yield of phenylacetaldehyde can be obtained at the same sulfuric acid concentration (60%). The electrolytic mediator can be recycled and there will be no waste discharged.

The direct electrochemical synthesis of triphenylphosphine adducts of Group IB monohalides

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (18) ◽  
pp. 2714-2718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masood Khan ◽  
Colin Oldham ◽  
Dennis G. Tuck
Keyword(s):  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
Benzyl Chloride ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Hydrogen Halide ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acetonitrile Solutions

The electrochemical oxidation of copper, silver, or gold into acetonitrile solutions of benzyl chloride or hydrogen halide plus triphenylphosphine leads to the formation of the adducts MXLn (M = Cu, Ag, Au; X = Cl, Br, I; L = Ph3P; n = 1, 1.5, 2; not all combinations). The value of n depends markedly on the mole ratio Ph3P:dissolved metal. The reaction pathway is discussed in the light of measurements of current efficiency. The results of X-ray structural studies of AuCl•L and AuClL2 are briefly reported.

The direct electrochemical synthesis of some metal derivatives of lapachol

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.H. De Oliveira ◽  
G.E.A. Medeiros ◽  
C. Peppe ◽  
Martyn A. Brown ◽  
Dennis G. Tuck
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Copper Atom ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
Acetonitrile Solution ◽  
Triclinic Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Anode ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Metal Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

The electrochemical oxidation of a sacrificial metal anode (M = Zn, Cd, Cu) in an acetonitrile solution of 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone, lapachol, C15H14O3 (=HL) gives ML2. The results are in keeping with earlier work on direct electrochemical synthesis in related systems. Adducts with 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethanediamine (tmen) have also been prepared. The structure of the 2,2′-bipyridine adduct of Cu(lapacholate)2 has been established by X-ray crystallography. The parameters are triclinic, space group [Formula: see text], a = 12.748(59) Å, b = 13.859(49) Å, c = 11.770(59) Å, α = 108.30(4)°, β = 108.08(3)°, γ = 68.94(3)°, Z = 2, R = 0.059 for 2256 unique reflections. The copper atom is in a distorted CuN2O2O2′ environment. The mechanism of the formation of this Cu(lapacholate)2 is discussed. Keywords: electrochemical synthesis, lapachol, X-ray crystallography, copper(II) complex.

Electrochemical synthesis of 1-N-phenyl-4-(sulfonyl)benzene-1,2-diamine derivatives: a mild and regioselective protocol

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 5442-5447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Sharafi-Kolkeshvandi ◽  
Davood Nematollahi ◽  
Farzad Nikpour ◽  
Eslam Salahifar
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
Regioselective Synthesis ◽  
Sulfinic Acids

Regioselective synthesis of 1-N-phenyl-4-(arylsulfonyl)benzene-1,2-diamine derivatives was carried out by the electrochemical oxidation of 2-aminodiphenylamine in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfinic acids as nucleophiles.

The electrochemical synthesis of organometallic halides of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (16) ◽  
pp. 1673-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farouq F. Said ◽  
Dennis G. Tuck
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Titanium Zirconium

The electrochemical oxidation of titanium, zirconium, or hafnium (= M) in a cell containing an organic halicie RX results in the formation of an organometallic halide of the metal concerned. These compounds are conveniently isolated as adducts of acetonitrile or 2,2′-bipyridine(bipy) also présent in the electrolyte phase. The products most commonly isolated are the [Formula: see text], but other species were obtained in certain cases. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Complex Formation Between Zinc(II) and Alkyl-N-iminodiacetic Acids in Aqueous Solution and Solid State

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1279-1289
Author(s):  
Leif Häggman ◽  
Cecilia Lindblad ◽  
Anders Cassel ◽  
Ingmar Persson
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Bond Distance ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Slow Kinetics ◽  
Distorted Octahedral ◽  
Varying Length ◽  
Fundamental Systems

Abstract Removal of metal compounds from wastewater using processes where metals can be removed and valuable chemicals recycled is of significant industrial importance. Chelating surfactants are an interesting group of chemicals to be used in such applications. Carboxylated polyamines are a promising group to be used in such processes. To apply carboxylated polyamines as chelating surfactants, detailed knowledge of the solution chemistry, including complex formation, kinetics and structures of pure fundamental systems, is required. In this study zinc(II) alkyl-N-iminodiacetate systems with varying length of the alkyl chain have been studied. Acidic and stability constants have been studied by potentiometry, and the structures of both solids and aqueous solutions have been determined by EXAFS. Zinc(II) forms two strong complexes with alkyl-N-iminodiacetates in aqueous solution. In an attempt to determine the acidic constants of these complexes, the deprotonation of the nitrogen atom in the complex bound ligands, it was observed that this reaction is very slow and no accurate values could be obtained. The bis(alkyl-N-iminodiacetato)zincate(II) complexes take, however, up two protons in the pH region 3–7, which means that this complex is approximately singly protonated in the pH region 3–7 and doubly protonated at pH < 3. The bis(n-hexyl-N-iminodiacetato)zincate(II) complex at pH = 13 has a distorted octahedral configuration with four short strong Zn–O bonds at 2.08(1) Å, while the Zn–N bonds are weaker at much longer distance, 2.28(2) Å. Similar configurations are also found in most reported structures of zinc(II) complexes with carboxylated amines/polyamines. The singly protonated complex seems to be five-coordinate, with four Zn–O bond distances at ca. 2.03 Å, and a single Zn–N bond distance in the range 2.15–2.25 Å. The relationship between the structure of the protonated bis(n-hexyl-N-iminodiacetato)zincate(II) complex and the slow kinetics in the region pH = 3–7 are discussed.

The direct electrochemical synthesis of neutral and anionic complexes of thorium(IV)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (20) ◽  
pp. 2579-2582 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kumar ◽  
Dennis G. Tuck
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
Electrochemical Methods ◽  
Chelate Complexes ◽  
Anionic Complexes ◽  
One Step

The electrochemical oxidation of thorium into solutions of halogen (X2; X = Cl, Br) in acetonitrile yields the adducts ThX4•4CH3CN in good yield. With solutions of X2 + R4NX, the products are (R4N)2ThX6. Neutral chelate complexes such as Th(acac)4 (acac = 2,4-pentanedionate) can also be prepared in a one-step synthesis from the metal, but cationic complexes could not be obtained by electrochemical methods.

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