scholarly journals Wastewater Minimization in Indirect Electrochemical Synthesis of Phenylacetaldehyde

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhirong Sun ◽  
Xiang Hu ◽  
Ding Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Current ◽  
High Current Efficiency

Wastewater minimization in phenylacetaldehyde production by using indirect electrochemical oxidation of phenylethane instead of the seriously polluting traditional chemical process is described in this paper. Results show that high current efficiency of Mn(III) and high yield of phenylacetaldehyde can be obtained at the same sulfuric acid concentration (60%). The electrolytic mediator can be recycled and there will be no waste discharged.

scholarly journals Concentration of Sulfuric Acid from Spent Acidic Liquor by Cascaded Electrodialysis Using an Interpolymer Anion Exchange Membrane

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1169-1176
Author(s):  
Beena Sheth ◽  
Kaushik Nath
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Proton Leakage ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Enrichment Process

Cascaded electrodialysis system has been developed for increasing the concentration of sulfuric acid from aqueous solution using an interpolymer anion exchange (IPA) membrane. Enrichment process was carried out in a cascade of six electrodialyzers at 20.2 mA/cm2 current density. The performance of the process was evaluated rigorously in terms of current efficiency, voltage requirements and processability to enrich the acid concentration. The bench-scale experimental results exhibited the ability of membrane to perform as a low proton leakage membrane and to enrich the sulfuric acid concentration up to 27.93 wt. %. The higher values of current efficiencies were reported to be in the range of 50 to 60 %. Proton leakage through the membrane, acid back diffusion, concentration polarization and solution conductivity were considered to be the limiting factors for acid enrichment and their effects were found significant on current efficiency and voltage requirement.

High Current Efficiency of NiO Electro-Reduction in Molten Salt

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 (14) ◽  
pp. E768-E772
Author(s):  
Meng Shi ◽  
Shelly Li ◽  
Haiyan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
High Current ◽  
High Current Efficiency

scholarly journals Release of reducing sugars from water hyacinth by thermochemical and enzymatic hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Guzmán-Pérez ◽  
◽  
Oscar J. Salinas-Luna ◽  
Ernesto Favela-Torres ◽  
Nohemi López-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thermochemical Pretreatment

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is considered a pernicious herb in many parts of the world due to its rapid growth. However, for its high content of cellulose and hemicellulose, it could be considered as raw material to produce fermentable sugars. In this work, the effect of sulfuric acid concentration by thermochemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis on the release of sugars from water hyacinth was evaluated. Initially, the effect of the sulfuric acid concentration from 1.5 to 9% at 120 ºC was evaluated. With 1.5%, the release of reducing sugars was 160 milligrams of reducing sugars per gram of dry matter (mg red-sug/g dm). After the thermochemical pretreatment, the enzymatic hydrolysis with the cellulase complex (NS22086) allowed obtaining a reducing sugars concentration up to 317 mg red-sug/g dm. These thermochemical and enzymatic approaches to recover reducing sugars from water hyacinth is promising and should be evaluated for bioprocess using reducing sugars as the main source of carbon, such as bioethanol production.

Highly efficient bluish green organic light-emitting diodes of iridium(iii) complexes with low efficiency roll-off

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (22) ◽  
pp. 7587-7593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Su ◽  
Zheng-Guang Wu ◽  
You-Xuan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Current Efficiency ◽  
External Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
High Current ◽  
High Current Efficiency ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light ◽  
Bluish Green ◽  
Low Efficiency

Two efficient bluish green iridium(iii) complexes were applied as emitters in the organic light-emitting diodes, which showing high current efficiency of 58.17 cd A−1 and external quantum efficiency of 25.33% with low efficiency roll-off.

scholarly journals Initial Investigation into the Leaching of Manganese from Nodules at Room Temperature with the Use of Sulfuric Acid and the Addition of Foundry Slag—Part I

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Toro ◽  
Nelson Herrera ◽  
Jonathan Castillo ◽  
Cynthia Torres ◽  
Rossana Sepúlveda
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Initial Investigation ◽  
Optimization Methodology

In this study, the surface optimization methodology was used to assess the effect of three independent variables—time, particle size and sulfuric acid concentration—on Mn extraction from marine nodules during leaching with H2SO4 in the presence of foundry slag. The effect of the MnO2/Fe ratio and particle size (MnO2) was also investigated. The maximum Mn extraction rate was obtained when a MnO2 to Fe molar ratio of 0.5, 1 M of H2SO4, −320 + 400 Tyler mesh (−47 + 38 μm) nodule particle size and a leaching time of 30 min were used.

High performance solution-processed green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with high current efficiency and long-term stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (37) ◽  
pp. 11569-11580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athithan Maheshwaran ◽  
Vijaya Gopalan Sree ◽  
Ho-Yeol Park ◽  
Woosum Cho ◽  
Hyein Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
High Current ◽  
Solution Processed ◽  
High Current Efficiency ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Organic Light

Highly efficient (D–π–A)-type host and green Ir(iii) complexes are introduced for solution-processed PHOLEDs that achieve high CE with considerably high EQE. The devices with symmetrical complex show more stable than those with asymmetrical complex.

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