Conductivity and ionic association of tetraalkylammonium halides in tert-butanol–water mixture at 25 °C

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1223-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijaz Ahmad Ansari ◽  
M. R. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Ion Association ◽  
Ionic Association ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Solvent Interaction ◽  
Tert Butanol ◽  
Ion Association Constants ◽  
Conductance Data ◽  
Ion Size ◽  
Tetraalkylammonium Halides

The molar conductivities of Pr4NBr, Bu4NBr, Pr4NI, and BU4NI have been measured in tert-butanol–water (t-BuOH–H2O) mixtures (61.30 ≥ D ≥ 16.50) over the maximum concentration range (2 × D3 × 10−7 mol dm−3) along with the densities and viscosities of the solvent mixtures at 25 °C. The conductance data have been analysed by using the Fuoss-1978 (F78) conductance equation and the results compared with the values obtained from the Justice (J), Pitt's (P), and Fuoss–Onsager–Skinner (FOS) equations. Molar conductivities at infinite dilution (Λ0), the thermodynamic ion association constants (KA) and the distance or ion-size parameters (R0 or a0) are evaluated from these data. The F78 equation fitted the data better and yielded KA and R values which are in accord with the ion-association theories. The interpretation of these parameters is discussed to provide some insight on the magnitude of the ionic association and the ion–solvent interaction.

Conductimetric studies of ionic association of tetraalkylammonium halides in iso-propanol + water mixtures at 25 °C. Part II.

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1720-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auaz Ahmad Ansari ◽  
M. R. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Association Constant ◽  
Ionic Association ◽  
Size Parameter ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Tetraalkylammonium Ions ◽  
Conductance Data ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Ion Size ◽  
Tetraalkylammonium Halides

Electrical conductivities of Me4NBr, Et4NBr, Pr4NBr, Bu4NBr, and Bu4PBr have been measured in isopropanol + water (2-PrOH + H2O) mixtures covering the approximate range of dielectric constant (71.40 ≥ D ≥ 19.40) at 25 °C. The conductance data have been analysed by using the Fuoss-1978 (F78) conductance equation and the results compared with those obtained from the Fuoss–Onsager–Skinner (FOS) equation. The values of the limiting equivalent conductance, Λ0, the association constant, KA, and the distance of ion-size parameter [Formula: see text] are computed from these data. A better fit of the conductance data was provided by the F78 equation. Ion–solvent interactions and effective sizes of tetraalkylammonium ions are also discussed in order to understand the magnitude of the ionic association. The overall association behaviour of these salts has been found to increase with decrease in dielectric constant of the medium.

scholarly journals Preparation of Some Novel Copper(I) Complexes and their Molar Conductances in Organic Solvents

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dip Singh Gill ◽  
Dilbag Rana
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Association Constants ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Ion Association Constants ◽  
Conductance Data ◽  
Strong Electrolytes ◽  
Reference Electrolyte

Abstract Attempts have been made to prepare some novel copper(I) nitrate, sulfate, and perchlorate complexes. Molar conductances of these complexes have been measured in organic solvents like acetonitrile (AN), acetone (AC), methanol (MeOH), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,Ndimethylacetamide (DMA), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 298 K. The molar conductance data have been analyzed to obtain limiting molar conductances (λ0) and ion association constants (KA) of the electrolytes. The results showed that all these complexes are strong electrolytes in all organic solvents. The limiting ionic molar conductances (λo± ) for various ions have been calculated using Bu4NBPh4 as reference electrolyte. The actual radii for copper(I) complex ions are very large and different in different solvents and indicate some solvation effects in each solvent system

Application of the Fuoss–Onsager theory to conductance data for sodium and potassium iodide solutions in various solvents

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1101-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Janz ◽  
Malcolm J. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Lower Dielectric Constant ◽  
Conductance Data ◽  
High Dielectric ◽  
Ion Size ◽  
Onsager Theory ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The 1957 Fuoss–Onsager conductance equation has been used to analyze data for sodium iodide and potassium iodide solutions in 13 one-component solvents, ranging from water (dielectric constant 78) to pyridine (dielectric constant 12). Values of the unknowns Λ0, åJ, an ion size parameter, and, where appropriate, Ka, the ion association constant, are calculated. In solvents of high dielectric constant it is found that the salts are completely dissociated (Ka = 0) and the mean value of åJ is 4.5 Å for each salt. However, the ion size parameters from the conductance equation do not seem to have any physical significance in solvents of lower dielectric constant, where there is evidence of ionic association. An analysis of these data is considered in which the Fuoss–Onsager equation reduces to a one-parameter equation, with Ka as the unknown. The conductance data for sodium and potassium iodide can then be understood if the closest distance of approach of the ions is 4.5 Å in all 13 solvents.

scholarly journals Comparison of the leaving groups during the study of the aquation of halopentaammine cobalt(III) complex in tartarate at different percentage of tert-butanol

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
Farah Samih Zeitouni ◽  
Mohammad Fawzi Amira ◽  
Gehan Moustafa El-Subruiti ◽  
Ghassan Omar Younes
Keyword(s):  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Special Effects ◽  
Solvent Interaction ◽  
Tert Butanol ◽  
Leaving Group ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Leaving Groups

The experimental kinetic study of aquation for both complexes bromopentaammine cobalt(III) and chloropentaammine cobalt(III) ions in the presence of tartarate solution in mixed solvent media of water with tert-butanol (10-50%, v:v) was examined spectrophotometrically at different temperatures (30-60 °C) by comparing the special effects of the leaving group of chloro and bromo on the rate constant of aquation. Comparison of kip (rate constant of ion-pairing) for both complexes and show the non-linear plots of log (kip) ion-pair rate constants against the reciprocal of the dielectric constant D. The thermodynamic analyses of the kinetic data for both complexes have been discussed in terms of solvent effect on the ion-pair aquation reactions. The obtained isokinetic temperatures of these systems indicate the existence of compensation effect arising from solute-solvent interaction. The excessive change of ΔHip* and ΔSip* with the mole fraction of the co-solvent can be recognized to the change of the physical properties of the solvent-water mixture with the solvent structure. Undersized changes in ΔGip* with the mole fraction of the co-solvent was found, representing a compensating effects between ΔHip* and ΔSip*.

Ionic equilibria in aqueous organic solvent mixtures The equilibria of HF in an ethanol + water mixture used for cleaning up semiconductors

1997 ◽  
Vol 433 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Ràfols ◽  
Koit Herodes ◽  
JoséLuis Beltrán ◽  
Elisabeth Bosch ◽  
Martí Rosés
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Ionic Equilibria

Octahedral cobalt(III) complexes in dipolar aprotic solvents. II. Association between cis- and trans-dichlorobisethylenediamine cobalt(III) cations,[Co en2 Cl2]+, and chloride and bromide ions in the solvents NN-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, and LVN-dimethylacetamide

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
WA Millen ◽  
DW Watts
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Association Constants ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphoxide ◽  
Aprotic Solvents ◽  
Ion Association Constants ◽  
Cis And Trans ◽  
Dipolar Aprotic Solvents

Ion association constants at 30� have been determined for the cis-[Co en, Cl2]+Cl- ion pair in NN-dimethylformamide (DMF), NN-dimethylacetamide (DMA), and at 20.0�, 25.0�, and 30.0� in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), by a spectrophotometric method. Association constants for the cis-[Co en2 Cl2]+Br- and the trans- [Co en2 Cl2]+Cl- ion pairs have also been determined in DMF at 30�.

scholarly journals Study of the Influence of Alkyl Chain Cation-Solvent Interactions on Water Structure in 1,3-Butanediol-Water Mixture by Apparent Molar Volume Data

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1323-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Pathak ◽  
Indu Saxena ◽  
Archna ◽  
Anoop Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Molar Volume ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Apparent Molar Volumes ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Magnetic Float

The densities of 1,3-butanediol-water mixtures and some tetraalkylammonium iodide salt solutions in these solvent mixtures at different concentrations (0.02 M-0.14 M) have been determined at 298.15 K using magnetic float densitometer technique. Then apparent molar volumes ΦVof the electrolytes in above solvent mixtures were calculated. The apparent molar volumes of transfer ∆ΦV° (tr) were also calculated and the ion-ion / ion- solvent interactions are then discussed on the basis of changes in the Masson's slope and apparent molar volumes of transfer data.

scholarly journals The role of association of ions in ionic liquid/molecular solvent mixtures on metal extraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (42) ◽  
pp. 28834-28840 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Andanson ◽  
N. Papaiconomou ◽  
P.-A. Cable ◽  
M. Traïkia ◽  
I. Billard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Ionic Association ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Association Of Ions

Platinum extraction from aqueous phase into ionic liquid can be correlated to ionic association.

Transport Behaviour of Ions in N,N-Dimethylformamide and Dimethyl Sulfoxide at Different Temperatures. Conductance Studies

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohinder S. Chauhan ◽  
Manita Sharma ◽  
Sanjay Gupta ◽  
K. Ashwini ◽  
Suvarcha Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Association Constant ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Dipole Interaction ◽  
Molar Conductivity ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Ionic Radii ◽  
Conductance Data ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Transport Behaviour ◽  
Ionic Components

Molar conductivities of Bu4NBPh4, Bu4NNO3, LiNO3, NaNO3, KNO3 and AgNO3 have been reported in pure DMF and DMSO in the temperature range from 20 to 45 °C. The conductance data have been analyzed in terms of limiting molar conductivity Λ0 and ion-association constant KA. Separation of Λ0 into ionic components Λi 0 has been carried out on the basis of Bu4NBPh4 assumption in order to calculate the effective ionic radii ri in DMF and DMSO. Examination of ri values of K+ and Ag+ ions as a function of temperature revealed some specific interactions of Ag+ ion with DMF and DMSO. In DMSO electrostatic ion-dipole interaction of Li+, Na+ and K+ ions is found to be somewhat modified due to dipole-dipole interaction.

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