Evaluation of viscosity in binary mixtures of dimethyl sulphoxide at 298.15K

The viscosity of binary mixtures of dimethyl sulphoxide with different alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, iso-propanol, 1-butanol, iso-butanol, tertiary butanol has been determined at 298.15K. The experimental values are compared with theoretical values evaluated by different theories. It is observed that for some theories, values are in agreement with the experimental values. Further, an attempt has been made to study the intermolecular interactions in studied solutions in terms of excess free energy of mixing, strength of interaction parameters and interaction energy. The viscosity data of pure liquids and their mixtures are needed to design various chemical processes where heat and mass transfer are important.

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Aliphatic Secondary Alcohols by Benzimidazolium Fluorochromate in Dimethyl Sulphoxide Solvent

Oxidation of secondary alcohols is an important part of synthetic organic chemistry. Various studies are carried out at different reaction conditions to determine the best mechanistic pathways. In our study, oxidation of different secondary alcohols was done by using Benzimidazolium Fluorochromate in Dimethyl Sulphoxide, which is a non-aqueous solvent. Oxidation resulted in the formation of ketonic compounds. The reaction showed first order kinetics both in BIFC and in the alcohols. Hydrogen ions were used to catalyze the reaction. We selected four different temperatures to carry out our study. The correlation within the activation parameters like enthalpies and entropies was in accordance with the Exnerʼs criterion. The deuterated benzhydrol (PhCDOHPh) oxidation exhibited an important primary kinetic isotopic effect (kH / kD = 5.76) at 298 K. The solvent effect was studied using the multiparametric equations of Taft and Swain. There was no effect of addition of acrylonitrile on the oxidation rate. The mechanism involved sigmatropic rearrangement with the transfer of hydrogen ion taking place from alcohol to the oxidant via a cyclic chromate ester formation.

Pharmacognostical and Antimalarial Studies of Tamarindus indica Leaves

The present study was performing to know the Antimalarial activity of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) The plant T. indices were collected further by using methanol the extract residue diluted 10% Dimethyl sulphoxide extract from which were produced. The plate diffusion method was used as an antimicrobial test for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax by a zone of inhibition tested.TLC standardization ensures the presence of tartaric acid in the extracted sample against the standard. leaves possess near to standard Antimalarial activity which was confirmed by its effect on experimental living organisms.

Determination of Solubility of 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic Acid and its Sodium Salt in Acetonitrile and Voltammetric Investigation of Sulphonamide Drugs in Different Solvents in Their Absence and Presence

Sulphonamide drugs (sulphamethazine, sulphamerazine, sulphadiazine, sulphathiazole) were studied in a wide potential window (between 2 and − 2 V) in acetonitrile, dimethyl sulphoxide and in 50–50 v/v% binary mixtures of acetonitrile and water. The voltammograms of the outlined compounds were very similar both in the anodic and cathodic part in each non-aqueous solvents except for sulphathiazole. These sulphonamide drugs were also investigated in presence of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and its sodium salt and the voltammograms changed due to an acid–base reaction. HEPES and its sodium salt could be investigated in acetonitrile only in their saturation concentration as they were slightly soluble in this solvent. In a separate experiment their solubilities were determined at 298 K in acetonitrile with the co-solvent calibration method using water as co-solvent. Complementary fluorescence studies in dimethyl sulphoxide did not show the presence of any interaction between sulphonamide drugs and HEPES as well as its sodium salt.

Thermodynamics Studies for 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-oxo-2-thioxopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile in 60% Dimethyl Sulphoxide at Different Temperatures

Viscometric studies for ternary mixture of 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-oxo-2-thioxopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile in 60% dimethyl sulphoxide was carried out at different temperatures ranging between 298 and 313 K over different concentration. From viscometric data ΔG, ΔS and ΔH were evaluated. The result shows that the magnitude of ΔG and ΔH are negative while ΔS is positive showing spontaneity of reaction according to thermodynamics pointing structure breaking takes place between solute and solvent. As ΔH is negative and ΔS positive, the reaction is spontaneous at low temperatures (decreasing the magnitude of the entropy term). The thermodynamic study reveals that as concentration increases spontaneity of reaction decreases.

Investigation of anodic behaviour of phenylethers in non-aqueous solvents on platinum and glassy carbon electrodes

Electrooxidation of selected phenylethers was investigated (2-phenoxyethanol, anisole, o-nitrophenyl octyl ether, diphenylether, fenoxycarb) on platinum and glassy carbon electrodes. The chosen solvents were acetonitrile, dimethyl sulphoxide, 1-propanol and mesityl oxide. In acetonitrile, at around 2 V characteristic voltammetric peaks appeared for all compounds. In dimethyl sulphoxide and 1-propanol, no relevant peak appeared due to the high overlapping with solvent electrooxidation. During anodic oxidation of o-nitrophenyl octyl ether and fenoxycarb, a bimolecular reaction takes place predominantly. In mesityl oxide due to its unsaturated bond, identical behaviour was observed for majority of compounds and the differences between the two electrodes are also highlighted in the surface studies. The images made with the aid of an optical microscope showed the formation of islands of products for each substrate after deposition from mesityl oxide.

Crystal structure of dichlorido-bis(dimethyl sulphoxide-κO)-bis(4-methylbenzyl-κC1)tin(IV), C20H30Cl2O2S2Sn

C20H30Cl2O2S2Sn, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.2430(1) Å, b = 13.7471(1) Å, c = 11.1619(2) Å, β = 110.864(2)°, V = 1181.90(3) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0164, wRref(F2) = 0.0445, T = 100(2) K.

Surface Tension/Contact Angle Characters of Aprotic Binary Borneol-Dimethyl Sulphoxide Mixture

Borneol and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) have been used as the skin penetration enhancers. Different concentrated borneol solutions in aprotic DMSO were prepared as the binary mixtures and determined their surface tension and contact angle behaviors using goniometer. Low borneol concentration minimized the surface tension and there was nearly stable contact angle for 30-70% borneol solutions. The trend contact angle value was decreased on glass slide, acrylic and LDPE whereas increasing on agarose gel and porcine tissues including buccal mucosa, gum and tongue with borneol concentration dependence. However, the borneol-DMSO binary mixture exhibited high wettability owing to its contact angle on glass surface was less than 90°. The solvent exchange between DMSO of borneol solutions and aqueous phase form agarose gel and porcine tissues including tongue, gum and buccal mucosa initiated the phase transformation from solution into matrix-like and promoted the higher contact angle with borneol concentration dependence. The understanding of surface tension and contact angle behaviors of aprotic borneol-DMSO binary mixture is useful for developing them into in situ forming gel for drug delivery such as in the oral cavity.

Efficiency of Dimethyl Sulphoxide and Ethylene Glycol on Subsequent Development of Vitrified Awassi Sheep Embryos

The use of cryoprotectants in vitrification would reduce the critical damages to the embryos, thus increase the survival rates. This research was conducted in the laboratory of reproductive biotechnology at the faculty of Agriculture of Aleppo University. The study aimed to evaluate the viability and survivability of early Syrian Awassi embryos under the influence of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG) following vitrification. Embryos were vitrified in three solutions of cryoprotectants (A: DMSO (3 ml), B: EG (3 ml), and C which was composed of a combination of DMSO (1.5 ml) and EG (1.5 ml)). After thawing, embryos that had been vitrified in C solution achieved the highest rates of cleavage (P< 0.01) comparing with A and B solutions for 2-16 cell stage (50.00% Vs 30.77% and 36.36%), morula (9.00% Vs 44.44% and 40.00%) and blastocyst stage embryos (92.86% Vs 58.33% and 50.00%) respectively. Down to the hatching blastocyst stage, 2-16 cell stage vitrified embryos in C solution achieved an encouraging rate comparing with A and B solutions (39.20% Vs23.08% and 22.73% respectively). The rates of arrested embryos decreased significantly (P< 0.05) after thawing across the three solutions especially the morula and blastocyst stage (0.00 and 3.70% respectively) (C solution). No significant differences were observed in the three types of embryos across all stages and solutions despite the large range among these rates. Given the apparent benefit of the participatory effect of cytoprotectants, it is advised to use a mixture of DMSO and EG (1:1) in vitrification of ovine embryos.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MULTIPURPOSE HERBAL CREAM

Objective: To formulate and evaluate herbal cream using Aloe Vera gel, dimethyl sulphoxide extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Tulsi (Ocimumtenuiflorum) to give multipurpose effect. Methods: The cream was prepared by using the cream base that is bee’s wax, liquid paraffin, borax, methylparaben, distilled water, rose oil, Aloe Vera gel, dimethyl sulphoxide extracts of Neem and Tulsi. The cream was prepared by using the slab technique/extemporaneous method for geometric and homogenous mixing of all the excipients and the herbal extracts. By using slab technique, we have developed three batches of our herbal cream, namely F1H, F2H, and F3H. All three batches were evaluated for different parameters like appearance, PH, viscosity, phase separation. Results: All the three formulations F1H, F2H, F3H showed good appearance, PH, adequate viscosity and no phase separation was observed. Also, the formulations F1H, F2H, F3H showed no redness, erythema and irritation during irritancy study and they were easily washable. All the three formulations F1H, F2H, F3H were stable at room temperature. Conclusion: All three herbal ingredients showed significant different activities. Based on the results, we can suggest that all the three formulations F1H, F2H, F3H were stable and can be safely used on the skin.