Diversity in physiological and morphological characteristics of four cottonwood (Populus deltoides var. wislizenii) populations in New Mexico: evidence for a genetic component of variation

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane L Rowland
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Rio Chama

A common garden was established using 120 genotypes of Populus deltoides var. wislizenii (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder from four New Mexico populations (Abiquiu, Corrales, Bernardo, and San Antonio) to examine physiological and morphological differentiation within and among populations. All populations were located within the same watershed along the Rio Grande and one of its tributaries, the Rio Chama. In the common garden, I measured physiological and morphological variation during the 1996 and 1997 growing seasons to determine the extent of inter- and intra-population variation in these traits. In addition, because the sex of each source tree from the field was known, I was able to determine if these same traits varied among male, female, and nonreproductive trees. Small but significant differences within and among populations occurred for photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance in both years. Leaf morphological traits also differed within and among populations, including leaf size, chlorophyll content, and specific leaf mass. Stomatal conductance differed significantly between female and nonreproductive trees in both years. This study demonstrated the existence of genetic variation in ecophysiological and morphological traits within and among cottonwood populations and among cottonwoods of differing reproductive status within a single watershed.

scholarly journals Variability in flooding tolerance, growth and leaf traits in a Populus deltoides intraspecific progeny

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
María E Rodríguez ◽  
Diana Lauff ◽  
Silvia Cortizo ◽  
Virginia M C Luquez
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability

Abstract Climate change will increase the risk of flooding in several areas of the world where Populus deltoides Marshall (eastern cottonwood) is planted, so it would be desirable for this species to select for flooding tolerance. The aims of this work were to explore the variability in growth, leaf traits and flooding tolerance in an F1 full-sib intraspecific progeny of P. deltoides, to analyze the correlations of leaf and growth traits with flooding tolerance and to assess their suitability for use in breeding programs. Two-month-old parental clones and their progeny of 30 full-sib F1 genotypes were grown in pots and subjected to two treatments: (i) plants watered to field capacity (control) and (ii) plants flooded up to 10 cm above soil level for 35 days. Growth (height, diameter and biomass partition) and leaf traits (leaf size and number, specific leaf area, leaf senescence, abscission, stomatal conductance, carbon isotope discrimination, stomatal index) were measured. Flooding tolerance for each genotype was estimated as the ratio of the biomass of stressed plants to the biomass of control plants. Results showed segregation in terms of flooding tolerance in the F1 progeny. A significant genotype effect was found for leaf size and number, carbon isotopic discrimination and stomatal conductance, but it did not correlate with flooding tolerance. Height, diameter and root-to-shoot ratio had a positive phenotypic correlation with flooding tolerance, and there was a positive genetic correlation of height and diameter with biomass on both treatments. The narrow sense heritability values for the traits analyzed ranged from 0 to 0.56. We conclude that growth traits are more adequate than leaf traits for selection to increase flooding tolerance. A vigorous initial growth would increase flooding tolerance in young poplar plants.

Inter- and intra-population variation in seedling performance of Rio Grande cottonwood under low and high salinity

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1458-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Rowland ◽  
A A Sher ◽  
D L Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Seedling Performance ◽  
Low Salt

The Rio Grande watershed ecosystem has been increasingly threatened since the construction of dams and severe channelization in the past century. Rio Grande cottonwood (Populus deltoides var. wislizenii (S. Wats.) Eckenw.) has been suffering stress and high mortality rates with decreased water availability and increased salinity levels. Genetic variation in salt tolerance has been documented in adult cottonwoods, and we hypothesized that these traits might be heritable. This potential heritable genetic variation in seedling offspring might be advantageous in reforestation efforts along the Rio Grande. We screened four New Mexican Rio Grande populations for seedling genotypes that might be salt tolerant and correlated seedling performance under both high- and low-salt treatments with the physiological performance of their open-pollinated family. For all populations, we found significant stunting effects of high salinity on mean leaf size, plant height, total plant mass, root mass, and shoot mass, with no effects on chlorophyll content (as measured by a Minolta SPAD-502 meter) or root/shoot ratio. Although there were no significant differences between the four populations, there were highly significant differences between open-pollinated families within each site. In addition, at one site (San Antonio), genetically based open-pollinated family physiology, as measured in a common garden, was significantly correlated with seedling performance, especially under low-salt conditions. This indicates these traits are heritable, and adult salt tolerance may convey an advantage in offspring establishment under high-salt conditions.

scholarly journals Stomatal anatomy coordinates leaf size with Rubisco kinetics in the Balearic Limonium

AoB Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel À Conesa ◽  
Christopher D Muir ◽  
Arantzazu Molins ◽  
Jeroni Galmés
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Pavement Cells ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Maximum Stomatal Conductance

Abstract Trait integration arises through both selection on functional coordination and shared developmental pathways. Different anatomical components must both work well and develop together to generate individuals with the appropriate physiology to survive and reproduce in their environment. In this study, we used a common garden experiment and Bayesian multilevel models to test whether stomatal anatomy coordinates leaf gas exchange, Rubisco kinetics, and leaf size across 10 closely related species of Limonium from the Balearic Islands. The results indicate that the anatomical determinants of maximum stomatal conductance, stomatal density and size, were functionally coordinated with Rubisco kinetics – species whose stomatal anatomy was correlated with low stomatal conductance have evolved Rubisco enzymes better adapted to low operational chloroplastic CO2 concentrations. Lower stomatal density was associated with greater leaf size, which can be explained by a greater proportion of pavement cells in large-leaved species. These results suggest that both selection for functional coordination (stomata and Rubisco kinetics) and shared development pathways (stomatal density and leaf area) likely shape patterns of trait integration between species.

A BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF PROTO-TEWA SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE: MAKING THE CASE FOR FLOODPLAIN FARMING IN THE OHKAY OWINGEH HOMELAND, NEW MEXICO

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sunday Eiselt ◽  
J. Andrew Darling ◽  
Samuel Duwe ◽  
Mark Willis ◽  
Chester Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Subsistence Agriculture ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Ancestral Pueblo ◽  
Rio Chama ◽  
Land Farming ◽  
Scholarly Discourse

Previous research on agriculture in the American Southwest focuses overwhelmingly on archaeological survey methods to discern surface agricultural features, which, in combination with climatological, geological, and geographical variables, are used to create models about agricultural productivity in the past. However, with few exceptions, the role of floodplain irrigation and floodwater farming in ancestral Pueblo agriculture is generally downplayed in scholarly discourse. Using a variety of methods, including Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), satellite imagery, pedestrian survey, and supervised classification of remotely sensed imagery, we examine this issue through a consideration of how ancestral Ohkay Owingeh (Tewa) people solved the challenges of arid land farming in the lower Rio Chama watershed of New Mexico during the Classic period (A.D. 1350–1598). Based on acreage estimates, our results indicate that runoff and rainwater fields in terrace environments would have been insufficient to supply the nutritional needs of an ancestral Tewa population exceeding 10,000 individuals. Based on these observations, we present a case for the substantial role of subsistence agriculture in the floodplain of the Rio Chama and its associated tributaries.

scholarly journals Two new species of Undifilum, fungal endophytes of Astragalus (locoweeds) in the United States

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 866-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deana L. Baucom ◽  
Marie Romero ◽  
Robert Belfon ◽  
Rebecca Creamer
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighbor Joining

New species of Undifilum , from locoweeds Astragalus lentiginosus Vitman and Astragalus mollissimus Torr., are described using morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses as Undifilum fulvum Baucom & Creamer sp. nov. and Undifilum cinereum Baucom & Creamer sp. nov. Fungi were isolated from dried plants of A. lentiginosus var. araneosus , diphysus , lentiginosus , and wahweapensis collected from Arizona, Oregon, and Utah, USA, and A. mollissimus var. biglovii , earleii , and mollissimus collected from New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas, USA. Endophytic fungi from Astragalus locoweeds were compared to Undifilum oxytropis isolates obtained from dried plant material of Oxytropis lamberteii from New Mexico and Oxytropis sericea from Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Extremely slow growth in vitro was observed for all, and conidia, if present, were ellipsoid with transverse septa. However, in vitro color, growth on four different media, and conidium size differed between fungi from Astragalus spp. and U. oxytropis. Neighbor-joining analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene sequences revealed that U. fulvum and U. cinereum formed a clade distinct from U. oxytropis. This was supported by neighbor-joining analyses of results generated from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments using two different primers.

Bifusella saccata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pinus Albicaulis

Abstract A description is provided for Bifusella saccata, usually found on dead leaves of various Pinus species. Some information on its morphological characteristics, associated organisms and substrata and interactions and habitats are given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Canada, USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico and Wyoming) and Mexico) and hosts (Pinus albicaulis, P. balfouriana, P. cembroides, P. edulis, P. flexilis, P. monophylla and P. strobiformis).

scholarly journals To the question of the origin of the cultural assortment   of Dagestan apricots through assessing the variability   of leaf morphological characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
D. M. Anatov ◽  
Z. M. Аsadulaev ◽  
R. M. Osmanov ◽  
K. I. Akhmedova
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Traditional Cultivars ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Aim. The paper presents the results of assessment of the indigenous nature and  degree of similarity of apricot cultivars growing in the collection of the Mountain  Botanical Garden, Gunib, Dagestan, Russia based on a comparative analysis of the  variability of leaf morphological characteristics.   Material and Methods. The material assessed consisted of 33 apricot cultivars of  various ecological and geographical origins aggregated in the following groups: (a)  Dagestan – traditional cultivars; (b) Moscow ‐ selection from the Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences based on wild forms of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; (c) European and (d) Asian ‐ from Central Asia, Tajikistan, China  and Altai.   Results. The closeness of Dagestan and European varieties in comparison with Asian  and Moscow varieties was shown. Most Dagestan (16 of 19) and European varieties  have round‐shaped leaves (leaf shape index 80‐ 100%), while those from Asia and  the Moscow Botanical Garden have leaves which are elongated elliptical and oval  (60‐80%). Using the method of principal component analysis (PCA), it was established that most cultivars of Dagestan origin have similar leaf shapes and sizes, of  which Tlama kurak (wide‐round), Hekobarsh (elongated) were distinguished by leaf  shape and Esdelik by leaf size.   Conclusion. Based on a discriminant analysis (Squared Mahalanobis Distances), it  was found that the indices of indicators of leaf attributes (width/length of leaf lamina; petiole length/length of lamina; apex angle/corner of leaf base) are more reliable criteria for differentiating apricot varieties into ecological and geographical  groups than their morphological characteristics.  

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