scholarly journals Variability in flooding tolerance, growth and leaf traits in a Populus deltoides intraspecific progeny

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
María E Rodríguez ◽  
Diana Lauff ◽  
Silvia Cortizo ◽  
Virginia M C Luquez
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability

Abstract Climate change will increase the risk of flooding in several areas of the world where Populus deltoides Marshall (eastern cottonwood) is planted, so it would be desirable for this species to select for flooding tolerance. The aims of this work were to explore the variability in growth, leaf traits and flooding tolerance in an F1 full-sib intraspecific progeny of P. deltoides, to analyze the correlations of leaf and growth traits with flooding tolerance and to assess their suitability for use in breeding programs. Two-month-old parental clones and their progeny of 30 full-sib F1 genotypes were grown in pots and subjected to two treatments: (i) plants watered to field capacity (control) and (ii) plants flooded up to 10 cm above soil level for 35 days. Growth (height, diameter and biomass partition) and leaf traits (leaf size and number, specific leaf area, leaf senescence, abscission, stomatal conductance, carbon isotope discrimination, stomatal index) were measured. Flooding tolerance for each genotype was estimated as the ratio of the biomass of stressed plants to the biomass of control plants. Results showed segregation in terms of flooding tolerance in the F1 progeny. A significant genotype effect was found for leaf size and number, carbon isotopic discrimination and stomatal conductance, but it did not correlate with flooding tolerance. Height, diameter and root-to-shoot ratio had a positive phenotypic correlation with flooding tolerance, and there was a positive genetic correlation of height and diameter with biomass on both treatments. The narrow sense heritability values for the traits analyzed ranged from 0 to 0.56. We conclude that growth traits are more adequate than leaf traits for selection to increase flooding tolerance. A vigorous initial growth would increase flooding tolerance in young poplar plants.

Early rooting and flooding tolerance in cuttings from a Populus deltoides full-sib family under greenhouse conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Emilia Rodríguez ◽  
Irina Mozo ◽  
Silvia Cortizo ◽  
Eduardo Pablo Cappa ◽  
Virginia Martha Luquez
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Biomass Plant

Populus deltoides is an important forest tree, with elite genotypes propagated mainly as unrooted dormant cuttings. Several areas where P. deltoides is planted periodically experience flooding episodes. The aims of this work were to analyze the early rooting capability and flooding tolerance of a P. deltoides full-sib family, and to identify growth, wood, and leaf traits correlating with flooding tolerance. We analyzed the early rooting capability of the parental genotypes and 30 clones from their F1 under greenhouse conditions. The rooting percentage of the cuttings ranged from 50 to 100%. There was a positive genetic correlation between shoot weight and root traits (number, biomass and total length). In a separate experiment, 2-month-old plants growing in pots from the same genotypes were subjected to two treatments: watered (control) and flooded for 35 days. Most genotypes showed an intermediate flooding tolerance with respect to the parental clones. Height, diameter, growth rate, biomass, plant leaf area, leaf number and leaf increase rate had a positive phenotypic correlation with flooding tolerance, while wood density did not. Height and diameter are traits recommended for selection because they correlate with flooding tolerance, are easy to measure, and have moderate to high narrow sense heritability.

Diversity in physiological and morphological characteristics of four cottonwood (Populus deltoides var. wislizenii) populations in New Mexico: evidence for a genetic component of variation

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane L Rowland
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Rio Chama

A common garden was established using 120 genotypes of Populus deltoides var. wislizenii (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder from four New Mexico populations (Abiquiu, Corrales, Bernardo, and San Antonio) to examine physiological and morphological differentiation within and among populations. All populations were located within the same watershed along the Rio Grande and one of its tributaries, the Rio Chama. In the common garden, I measured physiological and morphological variation during the 1996 and 1997 growing seasons to determine the extent of inter- and intra-population variation in these traits. In addition, because the sex of each source tree from the field was known, I was able to determine if these same traits varied among male, female, and nonreproductive trees. Small but significant differences within and among populations occurred for photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance in both years. Leaf morphological traits also differed within and among populations, including leaf size, chlorophyll content, and specific leaf mass. Stomatal conductance differed significantly between female and nonreproductive trees in both years. This study demonstrated the existence of genetic variation in ecophysiological and morphological traits within and among cottonwood populations and among cottonwoods of differing reproductive status within a single watershed.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of wood and resin production in Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis Barret & Golfari

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanderley dos Santos ◽  
Danilla Cristina Lemos Souza ◽  
Mário Luiz Teixeira de Moraes ◽  
Ananda Virginia de Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Expected Gain ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The purpose of this work was to estimate genetic parameters and selection gain of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis progeny trial for wood and resin production as well as correlation between them. Experiment was established in complete lattice square 10 × 10 (triple), 100 treatments, 10 plants per plot, 3 m × 3 m spacing. Twelve years after planting the trial had thinned considerably leaving six plants per plot. Twenty-seven years after planting height, diameter at breast height (dbh) and resin production were measured. Deviance analysis, genetic parameter estimates, selection expected gain, genetic and phenotypic correlation were based on REML/BLUP method. Significant phenotypic differences were observed among and within families for all traits. The thinning at 12 years after planting, contributed positively to dbh increase and resin production, with an average of 30.60 cm and 4.83 kg tree−1year−1. The individual narrow sense heritability ranged from 0.25 to 0.38 for dbh and volume. Genetic and phenotypic correlation between growth traits were positive, and significant. Therefore, different selection strategies will be proposed separately for both traits (resin and wood). The selection gains were significant, especially with 10 % selection intensity (individual selection) for dbh (7.53 %) and resin (13.49 %). The trial has had good performance for growth, resin and genetic variability to support the next breeding generation

Genetic variation of leaf traits related to productivity in a Populus deltoides × Populus nigra family

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Marron ◽  
Reinhart Ceulemans
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Individual Leaf

In breeding and selection, two of the main goals of hybridization are to combine favourable traits from different species and to obtain high hybrid vigor (or heterosis). The objectives of our study were (1) to determine which leaf traits are most closely linked to growth in a cross between Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. and Populus nigra L. and (2) to estimate the relevance of this cross for selection of highly productive genotypes. To achieve these objectives, 26 poplar F1 hybrids and their parents were studied during their second growing season in central France. Tree growth (i.e., growth rates of stem height, circumference, and volume) was monitored during 1 month, and leaf traits (i.e., increases in number of leaves, maximum individual leaf area, specific leaf area, petiole length, and dry mass, leaf carbon and nitrogen contents, and internode length) were estimated at the end of the 1-month period. Growth traits were tightly correlated to most of the leaf traits. More precisely, it appeared that stem volume growth rate can be decomposed into two single leaf characteristics: maximum individual leaf area and leaf increment rate. All traits showed moderate values of broad-sense heritability. Heterosis as well as coefficients of genetic variation were also modest.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis for sooty mold resistance and heart of palm yield in Archontophoenix

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilene Leão Alves Bovi ◽  
Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende ◽  
Luís Alberto Sáes ◽  
Roberta Pierry Uzzo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Sooty Mold ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Rating Method ◽  
Mold Resistance

Archontophoenix palms, utilized both as ornamental species and as a source of high-quality heart of palm, are susceptible to sooty mold, a disease coupled with aphid infestation, which affects photosynthesis and causes unpleasant, darkish palm appearance. Scoring rates for sooty mold resistance and three growth traits were assessed under field conditions in 24 open-pollinated half-sibs families, 28 months after planting, aiming to identify genetic variability for sooty mold resistance; estimate genetic parameters for this trait and plant height, diameter and number of leaves; estimate genetic and phenotypic correlation for the four traits and evaluate selection methods for heart of palm production through multi-trait index selection based on growth traits. There were genetic differences among families for all traits. The low coefficient of variation for sooty mold (9.48%) indicates that the visual rating method adopted was effective and feasible for comparing aphid plus sooty mold infestation levels in Archontophoenix. Narrow sense heritability estimates were low and medium for growth traits (0.10, 0.26 and 0.26 for leaves number, plant diameter and height, respectively) and very high (0.91) for sooty mold resistance. Genetic correlation was found between sooty mold resistance and plant height. This positive relationship indicates that culling of very susceptible palms can be done possibily without interference in the follow up indirect selection for heart of palm yield. Some selection strategies were presented, showing that possible genetic gain could range from 6.23 to 11.83%, depending on the selection method adopted and on the effective restriction of the population size.

scholarly journals Morphological and physiological plasticity response to low nitrogen stress in black cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marsh.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun Chen ◽  
Yanguang Chu ◽  
Qinjun Huang ◽  
Changjun Ding ◽  
Weixi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Normal Nitrogen ◽  
Low Nitrogen

AbstractIt is important to evaluate nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen tolerance of trees in order to improve their productivity. In this study, both were evaluated for 338 Populus deltoides genotypes from six provenances. The plants were cultured under normal nitrogen (750 μM NH4NO3) and low nitrogen (5 μM NH4NO3) conditions for 3 months. Growth, chlorophyll content and glutamine synthetase activity of each genotype were measured. Under low nitrogen, heights, ground diameter, leaf area, leaf and root biomass, and chlorophyll contents were significantly lower than those under normal nitrogen level. Correlation analysis showed that nutrient distribution changed under different nitrogen treatments. There was a negative correlation between leaf traits and root biomass under normal nitrogen level, however, the correlation became positive in low nitrogen treatment. Moreover, with the decrease of nitrogen level, the negative correlation between leaf morphology and chlorophyll levels became weakened. The growth of the genotypes under the two treatments was evaluated by combining principal component analysis with a fuzzy mathematical membership function; the results showed that leaf traits accounted for a large proportion of the variation in the evaluation model. According to the results of comprehensive evaluation of plants under the two treatments, the 338 P. deltoides genotypes could be divided into nine categories, with wide genotypic diversity in nitrogen use efficiency and low nitrogen tolerance. As a result, 26 N-efficient genotypes and 24 N-inefficient genotypes were selected. By comparative analysis of their morphological and physiological traits under the two treatments, leaf traits could be significant indicators for nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen tolerance, which is of considerable significance for breeding poplar varieties with high nitrogen use efficiencies.

Breeding for improved growth and juvenile corewood stiffness in slash pine

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1886-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
Dudley A. Huber ◽  
Gregory L. Powell ◽  
Timothy L. White ◽  
Gary F. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Improvement Programs

The importance of integrating measures of juvenile corewood mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity in particular, with growth and disease resistance in tree improvement programs has increased. We investigated the utility of in-tree velocity stiffness measurements to estimate the genetic control of corewood stiffness and to select for trees with superior growth and stiffness in a progeny trial of 139 families of slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm. grown on six sites. Narrow-sense heritability estimates across all six sites for in-tree acoustic velocity stiffness at 8 years (0.42) were higher than observed for height (0.36) and diameter at breast height (DBH) (0.28) at 5 years. The overall type B genetic correlation across sites for velocity stiffness was 0.68, comparable to those found for DBH and volume growth, indicating that family rankings were moderately repeatable across all sites for these traits. No significant genetic correlations were observed between velocity stiffness, DBH, and volume growth. In contrast, a significant, but small, favorable genetic correlation was found between height and velocity stiffness. Twenty percent of the families had positive breeding values for both velocity stiffness and growth. The low cost, high heritability and nearly independent segregation of the genes involved with in-tree velocity stiffness and growth traits indicate that acoustic methods can be integrated into tree improvement programs to breed for improved corewood stiffness along with growth in slash pine.

Breeding against dothistroma needle blight of radiata pine in Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1653-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Ivković ◽  
Brian Baltunis ◽  
Washington Gapare ◽  
Jo Sasse ◽  
Gregory Dutkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Needle Blight

Pine needle blight, caused by Dothistroma septosporum (Dorog.) M. Morelet, is one of the most serious foliar diseases of Pinus spp. in Australia and New Zealand. In 16 Pinus radiata (D.Don.) progeny trials in northeastern Victoria, Australia, Dothistroma-caused defoliation varied widely among trials and assessment years, ranging from 5% to 65%. The estimated narrow sense heritability ranged from nonsignificant to as high as 0.69 with a median of 0.36. Spatial autocorrelation of residuals accounted for a significant proportion of residual variance, and that increased heritability estimates. Genetic correlation between defoliation scores at an early age and growth at a later age was negative with a median value of –0.39. Phenotypic correlation between defoliation and survival was low and negative with a median value of –0.11. Economic analyses indicated that at sites with a high risk of infection, the effect of reducing defoliation on profitability was comparable with that of increasing growth at sites free from infection. The genetic parameters and economic impacts of Dothistroma were used to derive selection indices and include resistance to defoliation into the current breeding objective for radiata pine.

High Heritability of Glycyrrhizic Acid, Glabridin, Liquiritin and Liquiritigenin in Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra L.) Populations of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem Eghlima ◽  
Mohsen Sanikhani ◽  
Azizollah Kheiry ◽  
Javad Hadian
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Perennial Plant

Abstract Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is an herbaceous, perennial plant with high distribution in Iran. Genetic variability, heritability and correlation among characters in 22 populations of G. glabra L. were studied. The genetic parameters among the traits including phenotypic variances, genotypic variances, genotype by environment variances, broad-sense heritability and genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were studied. Variance components analysis showed that the extent of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was fairly higher for all the examined traits compared with genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). Glabridin (GLA) exhibited high GCV and PCV (156.07% and 156.68%, respectively). The broad sense heritability varied from 38.92–99.79% and narrow sense heritability ranged from 9.70 % to 24.94%. Heritability of GLA, glycyrrhizic acid (GLY), liquiritin (LI), liquiritigenin (LIQ), rutin (RU) and rosmarinic acid (RA) were very high, exhibiting more than 97% heritability. Therefore, these critical characteristics can efficiently be selected and inherited in breeding programs. In most traits, the genotypic correlations showed the same direction as the phenotypic correlations. The contents of GLA and LIQ showed a positive correlation with majority of morphological traits. Therefore, selecting individual plants having desired morphological traits can be correlated with high contents of bioactive compounds in the harvested root.

scholarly journals Growth and physiological response of two biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes bred for different environments, to contrasting levels of soil moisture

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Barbanti ◽  
Ahmad Sher ◽  
Giuseppe Di Girolamo ◽  
Elio Cirillo ◽  
Muhammad Ansar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Relative Water

A better understanding of plant mechanisms in response to drought is a strong premise to achieving high yields while saving unnecessary water. This is especially true in the case of biomass crops for non-food uses (energy, fibre and forage), grown with limited water supply. In this frame, we investigated growth and physiological response of two genotypes of biomass sorghum (<em>Sorghum bicolor</em> (L.) Moench) to contrasting levels of soil moisture in a pot experiment carried out in a greenhouse. Two water regimes (high and low water, corresponding to 70% and 30% field capacity) were applied to JS-2002 and Trudan-8 sorghum genotypes, respectively bred for dry sub-tropical and mild temperate conditions. Two harvests were carried out at 73 and 105 days after seeding. Physiological traits (transpiration, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance) were assessed in four dates during growth. Leaf water potential, its components and relative water content were determined at the two harvests. Low watering curbed plant height and aboveground biomass to a similar extent (ca. 􀀀70%) in both genotypes. JS-2002 exhibited a higher proportion of belowground to aboveground biomass, <em>i.e</em>., a morphology better suited to withstand drought. Despite this, JS-2002 was more affected by low water in terms of physiology: during the growing season, the average ratio in transpiration, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance between droughty and well watered plants was, respectively, 0.82, 0.80 and 0.79 in JS-2002; 1.05, 1.08 and 1.03 in Trudan-8. Hence Trudan-8 evidenced a ca. 20% advantage in the three traits. In addition, Trudan-8 could better exploit abundant moisture (70% field capacity), increasing aboveground biomass and water use efficiency. In both genotypes, drought led to very low levels of leaf water potential and relative water content, still supporting photosynthesis. Hence, both morphological and physiological characteristics of sorghum were involved in plant adaptation to drought, in accordance with previous results. Conversely, the common assumption that genotypes best performing under wet conditions are less suited to face drought was contradicted by the results of the two genotypes in our experiment. This discloses a potential to be further exploited in programmes of biomass utilization for various end uses, although further evidence at greenhouse and field level is needed to corroborate this finding.

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