Evaluation of mating dynamics in a lodgepole pine seed orchard using chloroplast DNA markers

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael U Stoehr ◽  
Craig H Newton
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Pollen Dynamics ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Markers

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers were used to evaluate pollen dynamics in an operational lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) seed orchard. High levels of cpDNA differentiation were obtained using six primer pairs specific to simple sequence repeat (SSR) and variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci dispersed around the lodgepole pine chloroplast genome. In 69 orchard parents genotypes, 46 multilocus haplotypes were detected with 31 of these being unique (i.e., having only one orchard parent). The number of variants (alleles) per locus ranged from two to seven with gene diversity levels of 0.44-0.72. Evaluation of wind-pollinated seedlots of 15 selected clones using these markers indicated low levels of selfing (2%) and pollen contamination (5%) but showed evidence of relatively high levels of differential male reproductive success.

Seasonal changes in seed reduction in lodgepole pine cones caused by feeding of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ward B. Strong
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Leptoglossus Occidentalis ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Insect Exclusion ◽  
Filled Seeds

AbstractManagement of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) seed orchards of British Columbia, Canada, would be improved with knowledge of its damage potential at different times of the growing season. Mesh insect-exclusion bags were placed over cones, and adults or nymphs of L. occidentalis were enclosed in different bags for 9 periods of 10 to 38 days between 6 May and 17 September 2004. Feeding by adult females between 6 May and 28 May reduced total extractable seeds, a result of ovule damage before fertilization. Reduction in the number of filled seeds per cone was highest between 6 May and 29 June, with each adult female reducing yield by approximately 1.7 seeds per day. Between 29 June and 10 August, each adult female reduced the number of filled seeds per cone (seed set) by 1.0 to 1.25 per day. Seed set reduction declined to approximately 0.25 filled seeds per adult female per day after 10 August. Third to fifth instars caused seed set reduction between 0.6 and 1.2 filled seeds per cone per nymph feeding day from 29 June to 10 August. Utilizing these findings would improve management of L. occidentalis in a commercial seed orchard setting.

scholarly journals Lodgepole Pine and White Spruce Germination: Effects of Stratification and Simulated Aging

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Krakowski ◽  
Y. A. El-Kassaby
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Germination Parameters

Abstract The effects of seed pre-treatment (stratification/prechilling) and simulated aging on germination parameters (germination capacity, speed and value and peak value) were evaluated for several seedlots originating from seed orchard clones of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia DOUGL. ex LOUD.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (MOENCH) VOSS). Region of origin and stratification had little effect on white spruce, while stratification enhanced germination speed and completeness of lodgepole pine. Broad-sense heritability for germination parameters ranged from 70 to 97% (unstratified) and from 81 to 96% (stratified) for pine, and from 95 to 97% (unstratified) and from 93 to 97% (stratified) for spruce. Simulated aging (short-term storage at high temperature and relative humidity, approximating the physiological effects of long-term storage) resulted in rapid deterioration of white spruce, with very little germination after six days of aging. Lodgepole pine germination increased during the first several aging treatments relative to the control, but germination capacity decreased following twelve days of aging, and was very low after 18 days. White spruce was nondormant and responded primarily to moisture conditions, whereas pine was strongly influenced by maternal effects. These results can be incorporated for more efficacious nursery production practices for commercial reforestation seedling production as well as ex-situ gene conservation strategies.

THE ORGANIZATION OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN CENTRAL AND MARGINAL POPULATIONS OF LODGEPOLE PINE PINUS CONTORTA spp. LATIFOLIA

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Yeh ◽  
C. Layton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Mutation Theory ◽  
Neutral Mutation Theory ◽  
Made In

A survey was conducted of genetic variation at 25 loci in extracts of individual megagametophytes of lodgepole pine. Collections were made in nine widely separated localities representing four marginal, two intermediate and three central populations. Single populations of lodgepole pine were, on the average, polymorphic at 58.67% of their loci, and had 1.90 alleles per locus. Both expected and observed heterozygosity averaged 0.16. There was a definite trend towards decreased genetic variability at the margins. The measures of gene diversity for the 25 loci showed a 4% but significant effect of interpopulation differentiation; 96% of the total gene diversity resided within populations. Estimated outcrossing rates [Formula: see text] for the nine populations ranged between 0.92–1.29. Comparisons among populations with different levels of outcrossing revealed no clear relationship between [Formula: see text] and amount of genetic variability. The overall pattern of genetic differentiation agrees with expectations based on the neutral mutation theory. However, two loci demonstrated conspicuous clinal variation patterns which may be incompatible with this stochastic model.

Determination of paternal and maternal parentage in lodgepole pine seed: full versus partial pedigree reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1122-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Funda ◽  
Cherdsak Liewlaksaneeyanawin ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Pedigree Reconstruction ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Seed Crops

Estimating seed orchards’ maternal and paternal gametic contributions is of importance in assessing the genetic quality of seed crops. The advantage of full over partial pedigree reconstruction in investigating the mating dynamics in a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud. ssp. latifolia Engelm.) seed orchard population (N = 74) was demonstrated using nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers. We analyzed offspring of equivalent sample sizes representing full (bulk seed with unknown maternal and paternal parentage (n = 635)) and partial (11 maternal family arrays (n = 619)) pedigree reconstruction methods. Small differences in selfing rate, gene flow, and male reproductive success were observed between the two methods; however, the full pedigree reconstruction enabled simultaneous estimation of female-related fertility parameters (female reproductive success and effective number of maternal parents) that partial pedigree reconstruction could not provide. The use of bulk random sample of seed from orchards’ crops is recommended when male and female fertility parameters, as well as selfing and contamination rates, are needed for seed orchards’ seed crops genetic rating.

Best of both worlds: hybrids of two commercially important pines (Pinus contorta × P. banksiana) combine increased growth potential and high drought tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Bockstette ◽  
Raul de la Mata ◽  
Barb R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Pine Hybrids

Over 18 million hectares of lodgepole pine forests have been affected by a massive mountain pine beetle outbreak in western Canada. The ensuing need for reforestation compels forest managers to deploy more drought-resistant stock in anticipation of a hotter and drier future climate. Recent studies suggest that naturally occurring lodgepole pine × jack pine hybrids may be more drought-resistant than pure lodgepole pine. We used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to determine the level of jack pine introgression present in the region J lodgepole pine seed orchard, in northwest Alberta, and identified six hybrid genotypes with 10-18% jack pine introgression for further study. We compared the performance of open-pollinated seedlings of lodgepole, jack and hybrid pines under well-watered and drought conditions in a greenhouse experiment. Seedlings were subjected to repeated drought cycles, withholding water for either two or three weeks. We found that hybrid pines grew significantly faster than lodgepole pine under well-watered conditions while retaining the high tolerance to prolonged drought exhibited by lodgepole pine seedlings, a particularly beneficial combination of traits during the critical stage of establishment. We therefore suggest the deployment of hybrid lodgepole pine as a strategy to promote adaptation to hotter and drier future climates.

Evaluating Supplemental Mass Pollination Efficacy in a Lodgepole Pine Orchard in British Columbia using Chloroplast DNA Markers

New Forests ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stoehr ◽  
Helga Mehl ◽  
George Nicholson ◽  
Greg Pieper ◽  
C. Newton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Markers

scholarly journals Paternally inherited chloroplast polymorphism in Pinus: estimation of diversity and population subdivision, and tests of disequilibrium with a maternally inherited mitochondrial polymorphism.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 1187-1194
Author(s):  
J Dong ◽  
D B Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Dna Restriction

Abstract We have surveyed a chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in 745 individuals, distributed rangewide in eight allopatric natural populations of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and eight allopatric natural populations of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.). The polymorphic region of the chloroplast genome is located near duplicated psbA genes. Fourteen length variants were found in the survey, and these variants distinguished the two species qualitatively. Variant diversities were high in both species (hes = 0.43 in jack pine; hes = 0.44 in lodgepole pine). Population subdivision was weak within and among lodgepole pine subspecies and in jack pine (i.e., theta values were less than 0.05). This weak subdivision is compatible with theoretical predictions for paternally inherited markers in wind-pollinated outcrossers, as well as for polymorphisms with high length mutation rates. If these populations are at a drift-migration equilibrium, the chloroplast DNA restriction fragment data and previous mitochondrial frequency data from the same individuals are consistent with gene flow that is differential through seeds and pollen. The new data have permitted the first empirical tests of disequilibrium between maternally and paternally inherited factors. As expected, these tests failed to detect convincing evidence of nonrandom association between chloroplast and mitochondrial variants.

Spatial Patterns of Chloroplast DNA and Cone Morphology Variation within Populations of a Pinus banksiana-Pinus contorta Sympatric Region

1991 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Wagner ◽  
Zhong-Xu Sun ◽  
Diddahally R. Govindaraju ◽  
Bruce P. Dancik
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Cone Morphology

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Virulence Determinants and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Methicillin—Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Nursing Home in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Martyna Kasela ◽  
Agnieszka Grzegorczyk ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

Nursing homes (NH) contribute to the regional spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, residents are vulnerable to the colonization and subsequent infection of MRSA etiology. We aimed at investigating the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of 21 MRSA collected from the residents and personnel in an NH (Lublin, Poland) during 2018. All MRSA were screened for 20 genes encoding virulence determinants (sea-see, eta, etb, tst, lukS-F-PV, eno, cna, ebpS, fib, bbp, fnbA, fnbB, icaADBC) and for resistance to 18 antimicrobials. To establish the relatedness and clonal complexes of MRSA in NH we applied multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat fingerprinting (MLVF), pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. We identified four sequence types (ST) among two clonal complexes (CC): ST (CC22) known as EMRSA-15 as well as three novel STs—ST6295 (CC8), ST6293 (CC8) and ST6294. All tested MRSA were negative for sec, eta, etb, lukS-F-PV, bbp and ebpS genes. The most prevalent gene encoding toxin was sed (52.4%; n = 11/21), and adhesins were eno and fnbA (100%). Only 9.5% (n = 2/21) of MRSA were classified as multidrug-resistant. The emergence of novel MRSA with a unique virulence and the presence of epidemic clone EMRSA-15 creates challenges for controlling the spread of MRSA in NH.

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